In Argentina, Pentecostalism had a breakthrough in the early 1980s, and today more than 10 per cent of the population are Pentecostals. The revival coincided with a socio-political transformation of Argentinean society. After half a century of dictatorships and Peronism, democracy was restored, and structural changes paved the way for a certain “autonomisation” of politics, law, economy, science and religion. The "new" form of society that developed resembles what in this study is called a Western model, which to a large degree is currently being diffused on a global scale. This work examines the new religious sphere and how Pentecostals relate to society at large, and the political and judicial sphere in particular.

Social systems theory and an idea of communication as constitutive of social spheres, such as religious, political and judicial ones, form the theoretical foundation for the study. Methods that have been used are fieldwork, interviews and analyses of written material. It is concluded that evangelisation and transformation are of major concern to Pentecostals in contemporary Argentina and that this follows a global trend. Evangelisation has always been important to, even a hallmark of, Pentecostalism. What has become as important is the urge for transformation, of the individual, the family and society. This leads to increased socio-political engagement. However, Pentecostals do not have a “fixed” idea of how society should be organised, i.e., they do not yet have a full-fledged political theology, a public theology or what could be called a Pentecostal ideology. This is mainly because they experience a lack of “compatibility” between the Pentecostal and the political communication. Their approaches to socio-political concerns seem to be based on an understanding of certain “values” as the fundamental building block of society.

This research explores how women who wear the veil face discrimination and everyday racism in society. The purpose of the study is to investigate how veiled health care workers experience discrimination and everyday racism in health care from colleagues and patients. By studying women's vulnerability, it is possible to gain a better understanding of what veiled women go through. The veiled women meet new patients and colleagues every day. Every day is a new challenge for them. These women have to endure racist and discriminatory comments from patients and colleagues on a daily basis, which results in them being affected in their work. I interviewed four veiled healthcare professionals who were willing to share their personal experiences with discrimination and everyday racism. The results showed that the women used humor to deal with racism and all respondents suffered from anxiety and pressure when dealing with patients and colleagues. The respondents felt subordinated and excluded. They experienced ethnic discrimination and religious discrimination. The patients and colleagues could express hostility towards the veil and assume that the women were oppressed because they wore the veil.

Bil- och containerbränder, stenkastning mot bussar, brand i en skola och en nedbrunnen restaurang. Så var läget i Botkyrka och Huddinge under några dagar i maj 2013. Det talades om kaos, ungdomsgäng, och attacker av högerextrema grupper. Det gjordes jämförelser med händelserna i Husby som startat två dagar tidigare. Civilsamhället reagerade snabbt och nattvandringar med föräldrar och andra vuxna organiserades. Myndigheternas krisberedskap var inte utvecklad och det hela uppfattades ibland som ”en blixt från klar himmel”. Poliskårens dubbla uppgift i form av närpolisens välvilliga kontakt och kravallstyrkornas repression väckte starka reaktioner som personal på ungdomsgårdarna fick hantera, och sedan uppmanades att inte tala om.

Vilka lärdomar kan vi dra av dessa händelser? Hur kan begreppet ”förort” ge kunskap om civilsamhället i bred bemärkelse?

I detta vittnesseminarium Brinner ”förorten”? berättar aktörer som var direkt inblandade vad de såg och hur de uppfattade händelserna på lokal nivå.

”Jag letade efter en mordängel och jag hittade en prislista.” Orden är journalisten Marciej Zarembas, en av deltagarna på det vittnesseminarium om vårdens marknadisering som hölls i Almedalen sommaren 2013 och som återges i denna skrift.

Marciej Zaremba, som hittat närmare 2 500 virtuella avtal och en modell av företagsliknande styrformer inom den offentliga vården, är övertygad om att prislistor, beting och vårdgarantier styckar upp vården i moment och diagnoser utan hänsyn till faktisk tid och resursåtgång, hänsyn till patentens behov eller vårdens kvalitet och utgång.

En annan av seminariedeltagarna, Klas Eklund, professor i nationalekonomi, menade istället att problemen handlade om patienters bristande valfrihet, statens ekonomiska problem och dåliga styrsystem i vården. De skulle lösas genom att vården drevs som ett företag med interndebitering och prislistor. Där skulle personalens initiativ kunna tas till vara och den solidariska sjukvårdsmodellen försvaras.

Shipwrecks are a key site-type for maritime archaeological research and their investigations have been prominent in the subject’s development over the last sixty years. At one time their value was often squandered, with anything from cursory surveys to total excavations being undertaken for the same reason George Mallory suggested that mountains were climbed: because they were there. Today it is recognised that the remains of wrecked ships, through their distribution in time and space, their variety and their complexity, comprise one of the richest forms of archaeological source material. This volume brings together researchers who explore the ways in which ships can be understood and interpreted as material culture through their wreck sites, focusing on ships as artefacts, as agents, as technology, as society, as ideology and as symbols, as well as on what they carried and the people who sailed on them. Collectively they show that shipwrecks are not just the preserve of nautical specialists but have wider implications for the understanding of human action and past societies.

The editors: Jonathan Adams is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton and the founding Director of Southampton’s Centre for Maritime Archaeology (CMA) and Johan Rönnby, Professor of Archaeology and Director of the Maritime Archaeological Research Institute (MARIS) at Södertörn University. 

We report recent fieldwork on an early-16th-century wreck in the Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. The discovery not only provides new insights into early carvel shipbuilding and its adoption across northern Europe but manifests the changing role of ships and the nature of power and agency in the process of state formation at the dawn of the modern world. (C) 2012 The Authors

In the waters of the Southern Baltic, off the island of Stora Ekön, lies the wreck of a ship lost in 1495 belonging to King John (Hans) of Denmark (1455–1513). This paper draws on the archaeological investigation of the site since 2013 and summarizes previous archaeological and historical research. In its design, construction, and weapons technology the ship is both a rare example of a large carvel-built ‘great ship’ from the final phase of the Middle Ages and, in its role as floating embassy, a manifestation of socio-political processes of change that transitioned medieval Europe to a global, maritime world.

Focusing on the memories of Estonian refugees moving to Sweden in the wake of World War II, I analyze the concepts of “memory space” and history within the framework of the Escape as a master narrative. Following the research participants to the sites of their memories in Estonia and Sweden today, raised the questions what constitutes a lived memory space, and how is history defined within it?

Through a combination of a phenomenological analysis of memory’s lived ex­perience, using Walter Benjamin’s concept of montage as radical remembering and its dialectical relation to history, I show how embodied memories shape their own space, a space not always framed by historical master narratives and identity posi­tions, but rather a searching space that is always changing. Dealing with the politics of place and representations, these memories are constantly loaded and unloaded with meaning. Yet the space of lived memory is not always a creation of meaning. Walking around, searching for traces, a memory space confronts the place and maps its own geography. It turns to a spatial and temporal flow, which intertwines place and experience, and erases the past and future as homogeneous categories. It is a living space of memory, rather than a memorial space of representations.

The analysis focuses further on the tensions between remembering as a dialogue with history and memory’s ongoing acts of embodied experience. The position of in-betweenness appears in these stories of escape, not as a state of in-between home and away, past and present, but rather as an ongoing space-making process be­tween different modes and layers of memory. This is a process aware of the constant changes in the understandings of both history and personal experiences, intertwin­ing these new interpretations with embodied memory and thereby constantly add­ing new layers of experience to it. Memory’s tracing illuminates a memory poetics of the meanwhile and the in-between, which refuses historical closure.

This thesis aims at contributing to a critical discussion on the supposedly far-reaching secularity of Sweden on the one hand, and on the incongruence and inconsistency of lived religion on the other. At the center are people referred to as semi-secular Swedes – a group that is often neglected in the study of religion. These people do not go to church or get involved in any other alternative organized spiritual activities, neither are they actively opposed to religion or entirely indifferent to it. Most of them describe the ways they are – or are not – religious as in line with the majority patterns in Swedish society.

The study is qualitative in method and the material has been gathered through interviews and a questionnaire. It offers a close reading of 28 semi-secular Swedes’ ways of talking about and relating to religion, particularly in reference to their everyday lives and their own experiences, and it analyzes the material with a focus on incongruences.

By exploring how the term religion is employed vernacularly by the respondents, the study pinpoints one particular feature in the material, namely simultaneity. The concept of simultaneity is descriptive and puts emphasis on a ‘both and’ approach in (1) the way the respondents ascribe meaning to the term religion, (2) how they talk about themselves in relation to different religious designations, and (3) how they interpret experiences that they single out as ‘out-of-the-ordinary’. These simultaneities are explained and theorized through analyses focusing on intersubjective and discursive processes.

In relation to theorizing on religion and religious people this study offers empirical material that nuance a dichotomous understanding of ‘the religious’ and ‘the secular’. In relation to methodology it is argued that the salience of simultaneity in the material shows that when patterns of religiosity among semi-secular Swedes are studied there is a need to be attentive to expressions of complexity, contradiction and incongruity.

This essay is a textbook study where I aim to review four textbooks regarding some historical events in the subject History. The textbooks are used in junior high school and the historical events are as follows: the genocide that happened in Congo during the leadership of king Leopold II, the genocide on Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, the Holocaust and the Vietnam War.

By performing this study I wanted to answer these three questions:

1. What differences and similarities can be found in how the events circumscribed?
2. How much space do the various events have and has it evolved through the years 1980-2009?
3. How can this be explained?

The study has been analyzed from a post-colonial perspective and the recurring patterns that appear show how the texts are post-colonial. This means that the authors of the textbooks are writing about the same subjects, but in very different ways.

Den här uppsatsen grundas på intervjuer med nio olika muslimer som praktiserar olika i frågan om matregler. Uppsatsens syfte är öka att förståelsen för de skillnader som finns vad gäller hur muslimer förhåller sig till sin religions matregler. Fokus har legat på alkohol- och grisförbudet.

Resultatet har analyserats utifrån Anthony Giddens socialisationsteori samt diskuterats i förhållande till tidigare islamforskares förklaringar till dessa förbud. Resultatet visar att informanterna förhåller sig olika till alkohol och grisförbudet och att det framförallt beror på huruvida de har socialiserats in i att inte äta eller dricka de livsmedel, som uppsatsen behandlar, under sin barndom.

This essay is about women's role during the second world war, which occurred 1939-1945.Throughout the beginning of the war Sweden was one of the few countries that remainedneutral. Women in Sweden had an important part in the war effort, and a large number ofmarried and unmarried women recruited into different jobs, left by men. Throughout the warwomen were expected to mobilize themselves on the homefront. The purpose of this essay isto understand women's role in a popular swedish women's magazine, Husmodern.Advertisement and other kind of propaganda was provided during the war, one of the reasonwas to target women on the home front. But it was also a way to reach women and placeresponsibilities on them. My aim is to understand how the swedish magazine Husmodernportrayed women's role and responsibilities during the war. The conclusion of my study isthat women had an important role in Sweden, during the war. Women were expected to doeverything but in other terms. Already when the war was coming to an end, women whorecruited into different jobs and the women who worked diligently on the homefront, wereexpected to take the role and responsibilities of a housewife.

This thesis investigates how the economic crisis, later known as the great depression which harvested especially the Western world during the 1930s, was depicted by the Swedish newspapers between the great crash on the stock market on Wall Street in New York 1929 until 1931. The purpose of this thesis is to see how the depiction of the crisis looked like in the Swedish newspapers during the time being and to see if there were any differences between newspapers that were of different political standings. Also, part of the purpose is to try to locate any changes in their way of depicting the crisis during the time that is being investigated. The theoretical and methodological approach is based on critical discourse analysis as presented by Norman Fairclough and the investigation of the newspapers has mainly been based on a textual analysis of their use of language but also an analysis of their arguments and presented ideas has been done. Their arguments were often politically bounded and their way of expressing their thoughts on the matter were generally with a high degree of confidence. The conclusion is that the newspapers in Sweden were depicting the economic crisis in ways which were dependant on their different political boundaries. 

The Viking Age (800–1050 A.D.) is also called the “Silver Age”. Despite the fact that no silver mines were in use in Sweden at that time, most of the landowners for one reason or another had a lot of precious metal stored in their homes.

Alone the Island of Gotland has found over 700 different hoards of which around 400 of these hoards have been excavated over the last 100 years. Archeologists are debating whether all this precious metal had been brought to the island by traders from the east, or if it came from the Viking raids in the west. Besides the coins, thousands of pieces of silver have been recorded.

The intention of this essay is to attempt to clarify if it is possible to find differentiating factors between the hoards and to classify categories of these precious metal deposits. I indeed, such classifications and categorizations are achievable in the research findings in this paper.

The concept of harg - an archeology historical discussion: This study is an attempt to deal with the concept harg known from the historical sources in the north and its use in the field of archeology. Harg has come to be used in connection with cult, religion and to interpret ritual sites within archeology. Still it leaves much unanswered of what it contains or sometimes applies. By focusing on empirical sources from several disciplines such as language and place-name research, history, religion and archeology, which have all contributed in various ways to the discussion of harg. I will try to find out what harg really is, based on the different interpretations regarding harg, and how harg as a concept is used in connection with interpretations of archaeological findings.

Studien fokuserar på åtta irakiska kvinnors upplevelser av Iran-Irak- och Gulfkriget under åren 1980–1991. Syftet är att belysa hur dessa kvinnor upplevde och hanterade krigets sociala förtryck, militäriska samhälle, ekonomiska kris och politiska våld under dessa år. Studiens inledning ger bakgrund om krigen i Irak. Därefter presenteras intervjuer med och skrifter av åtta kvinnor som genomlevde krigen. Deras berättelser analyseras med hjälp av traumateorier, socialt stöd, kultursociologisk teori samt Salutogenas perspektiv (KASAM) och Coping (hanteringsstrategier). Resultaten belyser de hanteringsstrategier och de svårigheter som irakiska kvinnor utvecklade samt gick genom under krigen, 1980–1991. Dessa svårigheter gick ut på ekonomiska problem, våldtäkt, kulturella mönstren samt det sociala förtrycket.

E-archive create more efficient opportunities for operations through process-oriented archival reporting that provides better overview of documents and a better support for case management and increases security for compliance. E-archive are also a prerequisite for achieving the municipalities goals for future e-government and a fully digital flow of information. The purpose of the essay is to investigate why some municipalities have started using electronic archiving while others are still using paper archives. The study also aims to examine the requirements for safety, accessibility, and costs for introducing electronic archives into municipal activities.

Previous research in this field has mainly focused on areas that I believe together form the basis of my research area, namely digitalization, security, accessibility, information management, and e-government and digital archives (e-archives). Then presented OAIS model used as theory in this essay.

To reach the aim of the study primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews. For this essay, there have been interviews with eight different municipalities, four of which use e-archiving and four using paper archives. The study is also based on secondary data in the form of articles and dissertations for previous studies on e-archives.

The result that I got showed that digital archives are evolving very quickly. At the same time e-archives create great benefits such as being able to respond to the digital needs of the activities, follow the digital development that takes place in the public sector. The introduction of e-archives needed sufficient financial and human resources to carry out all the necessary activities.

Abstract: From Harlem to Central Asia: Langston Hughes exploration of Class, Race and Gender under the Soviet Union. This essay explores Langston Hughes journey to Soviet Central Asia, where he aimed to gain insights into the lives of people of “color” under the Soviet Union. Focusing on a book by Hughes this essay analyzes his portrayal of both colonial and post-revolutionary Central Asia.Through the lens of postcolonial theory and an intersectional approach, the study draws connections between African American and Central Asian societies during times of transition. It delves into the intricate dynamics of ethnicity, class, gender, and politics that surface in Hughes depiction of the region. Ultimately, the study seeks to deepen our understanding of the complex intersections between race, gender, ethnicity, and politics in Central Asia during and pre the Soviet era, while highlighting the long-term effects of colonialism on post-slavery African American society and post-colonial Central Asia.

"This edited collection contributes to studies of intra-EU migration and mobility, welfare and European social citizenship by focusing on transnational labour movements from new to the old EU member states (Hungary-Austria, Bulgaria-Germany, Poland-UK and Estonia-Sweden). The volume provides a comparative analysis of formal organization and mobile individuals' use of European social security coordination, which involves mobile Europeans access to and portability of social security rights from the sending to the receiving country (and back). The book discloses the selectivity criteria of welfare provision in four areas (unemployment, family benefits, health insurance and pensions) that lay at heart of European cross-border social security governance. It also identifies specific discourses of belonging (gendered, ethnicized/racialized and class-related images of 'Us' and 'Them') that frame the institutional selectivity by constructing images of mobile EU-citizens 'deserving' or 'non-deserving' social membership. The collection offers a detailed examination of inequality experiences mobile EU citizens from the new EU countries encounter while accessing and porting social security rights across borders. It will be of interest to a wide range of social science and interdisciplinary researchers, students and practitioners as well as those interested in intra-EU migration and mobility, social security, European social citizenship and transnational studies"

The chapter integrates the conceptual ideas presented in this volume and the outcomes of the empirical research on mobile Europeans’ access to and the portability of social security rights that focused on four pairs of countries (Hungary-Austria, Bulgaria-Germany, Estonia-Sweden, Poland-UK) in four areas of social security (unemployment, family benefits, health, and pensions). In the first step, the chapter identifies country-pair spanning patterns in respect to (1) cross-border social security regulations, (2) discourses of belonging, and (3) mobile (East-)Europeans’ experiences of (unequal) welfare opportunities. At the same time, it puts emphasis on the country-pair specific differences and similarities of the above-mentioned dimensions of European social citizenship.

Polyamory means having a sexual and/or intimate relationship with more than one person at a time. In this study, we use in-depth interviews with 22 persons in Sweden who have experience of polyamorous or non-monogamous relationships to explore how polyamory can include imagining utopian relationships and spaces. Thematic analysis was done which indicated narratives of politically invested attempts to create communal living or societal change that resists capitalist and heteronormative nuclear-family arrangements as well as stories of everyday events that do not explicitly involve political ambitions. The range of utopian dreams and practices of the non-monogamous participants in our study, we argue, are examples of what Muñoz calls concrete utopias, filled with joy and laden with disappointment in the face of potentiality and reality.

This essay examines how the critical reception of French nouveaux réaliste-artist Raymond Hains 1961 exhibition La France déchirée has been articulated at two historically separate occasions.

In her 2010 book Nouveau Réalisme, 1960’s France and the Neo-avant-garde, art historian Jill Carrick examines the fundamental impact the founder of nouveau réalisme – French art critic and theorist Pierre Restany – has had on the movement’s historical reception. According to Carrick Restanys writing established an interpretive framework that remained more or less intact for several decades. In addition to a closer analysis of the movement’s critical reception during the 1960s’, Carrick provides a set of new, alternative readings of a number of nouveaux réaliste artworks, which all originates from a position outside of Restanys interpretive framework. However, at no occasion does Carrick show in what way, or to what extent, her theories about the movements reception history applies to artist Raymond Hains or his practise of décollage. Nor has the historical reception of La France déchirée been examined.

The overall purpose of this essay is to examine whether or not the nature of the critical reception of Raymond Hains 1961 exhibition La France déchirée can be said to fit into the image of the historical reception of nouveau réalisme provided by Carrick. This is done through an analysis of Restanys theorisation of nouveau réalism as provided in the movement’s manifestos. Thereafter follows an examination of in which way and to what extent the critical reception of La France déchirée at two historically separate moments relates to this theorisation. The critical reception of these two moments in time is also compared to each other.

An analysis of the exhibitions historical reception showed that Carrick’s theory of the movement’s reception history could not entirely account for the different aspects of La France déchirées critical reception. By introducing the exhibitions political context into the examination of its historical reception, a new and valuable perspective became clear. Unlike other nouveax réaliste-artworks, La France déchirée had a distinct political character, which situated its historical reception not only within a cultural context, but more importantly within a political one.

This thesis examines the use of history, historical narratives and the relation to Venezuelan historical consciousness in Libro Rojo, a publication of The Unified Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). It consists of four parts: an introduction, a declaration of principles, statutes and finally what is called the programmatical bases (bases programaticas) of the party.

A starting point for this thesis is that this is an under prioritized area of research about the Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela. It aims to show the centrality of history in these fundamental documents of the biggest left-wing party in Latin America.

The thesis finds that symbolically charged historical figures – mainly national icons of Venezuela´s struggle for national liberation - are mobilized to back up contemporary aspirations and influence public perception of what kind of future is possible and desirable. Libro Rojo structures the relationship between past, present and future in order to influence historical consciousness.

It also finds that Libro Rojo constructs a vision of socialism which aims to show that the ideas and actions of Venezuela´s symbolically charged historical figures are compatible with the ideas of 19th and 20th century western Marxism. An illustration of this is the reference to Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariáteguí and his saying that socialism on the American continent can neither be an imitation nor a copy of foreign models, but a heroic creation of the people. Furthermore in Libro Rojo, the ideas of liberation theology, Christianity as well as "all universal and humanist thought" are evoked as foundations for the contemporary aspirations of the PSUV.

The present is situated within a context of contemporary history in which themes such as the struggle of the peoples against neoliberalism and the threats to the survival of humanity due to climate changes, economic crisis and war are central. It describes a near future in which humanity will have a choice: between its salvation and flourishing through socialism, or its extinction through world capitalism.

The Swedish Social Democratic welfare state system that peaked during the 1970s was based on a common belief in the existence of strong and potent state with strong tendencies toward a de-commodification. However, with the Palme government in 1982, Social democrats accepted the idea that the welfare state should be reoriented around a prevailing notion of individualization, and be a vehicle in particular for a middle-class strategy of social mobility tightly entangled with consumer preference. In subsequent decades, a complex and multi-motivational process of privatization was carried out as a de facto alliance between Left and Right. In the 2000s, the Party has abandoned control of the welfare state as part of its reformist strategy or “power resource”.

Flera studier visar att en del ungdomar har en negativ och föråldrad inställning till vad folkbiblioteket är och erbjuder. Till detta framkommer det även att folkbibliotekarier tycker att ungdomar är en svår målgrupp att arbeta mot. Dock har folkbiblioteken en vägledande roll när det kommer till utvecklandet av barn och ungdomars läsförmåga och kunskapsinhämtning där det finns studier som visar att utformningen av biblioteksrummet påverkar ungdomars läsning. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur folkbibliotekarier arbetar med målgruppen ungdomar genom sitt arbete med biblioteksrummet och hur detta arbete är tänkt att påverka ungdomars läsning. I denna studie har semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer används som metod tillsammans med en miniobservation för att samla in empiriskt mateiral ifrån sju folkbibliotek. Resultatet för denna stuide har analyserats genom ett rumsligt teoretiskt ramverk med Henri Lefebvres rumsliga enhetsteori. Studiens resultat visar att det är viktigt att arbeta med biblioteksrummet för att kunna påverka ungdomars läsning. För att kunna arbeta läsfrämjande med målgruppen ungdomar behöver man utforma biblioteksrummet som en trygg plats med låga trösklar och skapa relationer till ungdomarna.