This short article is a reply to four commentaries that were written in response to our paper "Centering Housing in Political Economy". Rather than discussing each of the commentaries separately, we have chosen to distil and discuss four themes that appear important both to the commentators and to us: theory and abstraction; land rent; mortgage securitization; and the role of the state. Our discussion of theory advances the claim that theories and frameworks that take not only the economics of housing but also its politics, history, geography and institutions seriously can in principle be commensurate under the critical realist ontology suggested by two of our commentators. Our discussion of securitization adds to the existing literature on the theorization of the spatial fix and the circuits of capital. Finally, in reconsidering the housing question in political economy, we argue that you cannot today come to grips with the laws of the latter without factoring in on the centrality of the former.
Moving from the ontological question ”what is an image?” to the more performative, or ontogenetic, question “what can an image do?” this paper will discuss how non-representational theory could offer new ways to approach the materialities of the image.
Drawing upon Gilles Deleuze’s writings on the cinematic image, Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics and Henri Bergson’s writings on duration and memory this paper is interested in how images configure thought. Behind this argument lies the idea that there is more to information and communication than traditional systems of representation suggest. What we will focus on in this paper is some of the practical problems, as well as the benefits, of conceptualising images as something other than representational.
The paper will outline a discussion which focuses on three images – screens, brains and bodies. An underlying aim of this paper is to ask the much broader question: what would happen to the hyphen of geo-graphy if we were to take Deleuze’s call to create a thought without an image serious?
Most western countries have reached a peak of welfare and are facing cuts to their welfare programmes. Housing policies and the housing market are similarly going through changes with regard to ownership, rent levels and market prices. The process can be
I denna antologi diskuteras äldres boendeförhållanden utifrån ett samhälls- och individperspektiv. Äldres boende inkluderar såväl kvarboende i vanliga bostäder som boende i bostäder särskilt avsedda för äldre. I boken behandlas fysiska och sociala aspekter på boendet, äldres bostadsmarknad och boendepreferenser. De olika kapitlen exemplifierar olika sätt att studera äldre och deras boendesituation och visar på den variation av områden inom vilka forskning om äldres boende bedrivs. Tillsammans ger de en bred bild av äldres boendesituation och lyfter fram de frågor som särskilt berör äldre, alltifrån de friska och mer rörliga äldre med stora valmöjligheter till de multisjuka äldre som lever längre med sina sjukdomar. Denna heterogenitet ställer stora krav på äldres bostäder och boendemiljöer.
Antologin är avsedd att utgöra ett underlag för kurser om äldres boende ur ett samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv. Den vänder sig också till aktörer i kommunal produktion av bostäder och omsorg samt andra med intresse för äldres bostadsfrågor.
Alla författare är medlemmar i Nordiska nätverket för forskning om äldres boende.
Previous research has convincingly shown that residential segregation and unfavorable political structures are important factors when explaining the occurrence of riots. Still, structural factors such as these cannot, in themselves, explain why riots take place instead of peaceful protests or complete inactivity. In this paper I argue that more scholarly attention should be paid to the immediate triggers of riots, specific events that almost always involve actors within local government institutions of social control —in the form of the police, politicians, or the courts. The actions undertaken by these actors must be considered, because these actions are crucial in causing riot outbreaks and are undertheorized in previous research, I argue. The aim of this paper is to develop this theoretical approach and illustrating the approach with empirical data on the 1992 Los Angeles riot, the most violent riot in the U.S.A. since the 1960s.
Political participation is higher among men than women in most parts of the world. However, earlier research has shown that this does not hold true in Scandinavia, including Sweden, where gender differences are remarkably small. This article studies the causes of the Swedish situation. A conventional hypothesis is formulated based on research from other parts of the world. It assumes that gender-equal participation in Sweden can be explained by the lack of gender differences in certain political resource and motivational factors that are often analyzed. However, this hypothesis is not supported by the data, which instead indicates a female disadvantage with regard to both resources and motivation. Two alternative hypotheses are developed and shown as empirically viable. The first assumes that women more often adhere to norms that emphasize the importance of being politically active, which promotes their participation in politics. The second focuses on collective mobilization based on interests specific to women. In line with this hypothesis, only women are shown to be members of women's organizations and hold more radical opinions on issues related to gender equality and reproduction. These factors have a positive impact on women's participation, and together they explain a noticeable amount of the male advantage with regard to conventional explanatory factors. Therefore they are important contributory causes of gender-equal participation in Sweden, although other factors, not discussed here, also contribute. Quantitative methods are used in the analyses, and the study material is the 1997 Swedish Citizenship Survey.
Recent studies report high levels of political trust among immigrants in Western Europe. Notably, such confidence tend to be particularly pronounced among immigrants from countries without democratic institutions and poor records in terms of corruption level. Yet over time, members of these population categories tend to express decreasing levels of political trust. Following previous research, such a pattern may be explained by high initial—although with time retreating—expectations concerning the quality of institutions in Western Europe. Analyzing Swedish survey data—particularly appropriate in the light of competing hypotheses concerning acculturation and barriers to integration, including discrimination—this paper presents additional support for the importance of expectations when it comes to political trust. Our analyses suggest that the gradual development of more modest expectations regarding institutional performance in the new country is a trustworthy explanation of the falling levels of immigrants‘ political trust.
Falska nyheter har blivit ett omdiskuterat fenomen i samband med politiska val de senaste åren. En motreaktion har varit faktagranskningar som ska förhindra att felaktiga uppgifter får fäste. Vi redogör för ett experiment om hur attityden till invandringens kostnader påverkades av en felaktig uppgift samtidigt som korrekt information gavs. De som fick ta del av uppgiften om mycket överdrivna kostnader var betydligt mer benägna att anse att för mycket resurser läggs på invandring jämfört med en kontrollgrupp som enbart fick ta del av korrekt infor-mation. Resultatet tyder på att faktagranskningar har begränsad möjlighet att lösa problemet med falska nyheter
Do social networks at workplaces function as cues into the political arena? We consider this question using the case of Sweden, which has many leisure politicians who work at the regular labor market. Restricting our networks to small cells of individuals within the same occupation and workplace, we find that an individual is more likely to become a politician in the future if that person had a colleague who was a politician. We further find that these newly enrolled individuals are placed higher up on the party lists -- which to a very large extent dictates which party nominees that are elected -- in subsequent elections. Our mechanism analysis indicates that a partisan channel may explain most of the main effect and that high-ability party officials are more prominent than low-ability officials in terms of recruiting from their workplace networks.
Faced with rising levels of cross-border migration, many countries have extended local voting rights to non-citizen residents. However, empirical evidence indicates that voter turnout among non-naturalized immigrants is lower when compared to citizens. This raises the question of how to explain this difference. A common answer is that the low turnout rates of non-citizen residents are primarily due to the socio-economic composition of this group and the challenges involved in adapting to a new political system. An alternative but less discussed possibility is that the low turnout concerns the nature of the elections. Hence, we examine whether the turnout of non-citizens is hampered because they are only allowed to partake in local elections. Based on a regression discontinuity design (RDD) using Swedish administrative data, we find that turnout could increase by 10–20 percentage points if the voting rights of non-citizens were extended to the national level.
Många länder fluoriderar dricksvattnet som en folkhälsoåtgärd. Det finns starkt stöd i tidigare forskning att fluorid förbättrar tandhälsan, men det har även uppkommit en diskussion huruvida det finns negativa bieffekter på kognitiv utveckling. I denna studie undersöker vi om exponering för högre fluoridhalter påverkar kognitiv förmåga, matematikresultat och arbetsmarknadsutfall senare i livet. Vi använder svensk registerdata för individer födda mellan 1985 och 1992 tillsammans med statistik över fluoridhalten i dricksvattnet. För att studera effekterna av fluorid utnyttjar vi det faktum att fluoridhalten i dricksvattnet varierar naturligt. Vi undersöker först effekten på tandhälsa och vi finner positiva effekter. Vi finner inga effekter på kognitiv förmåga eller på matematikresultat. Däremot indikerar våra resultat att inkomsten påverkas positivt, vilket tyder på att bättre tandhälsa kan förbättra individens position på arbetsmarknaden.
Water fluoridation is a common, but debated, public policy. In this paper, we use Swedish registry data to study the causal effects of fluoride in the drinking water. We exploit exogenous variation in natural fluoride, stemming from variation in geological characteristics at water sources, to identify its effects. First, we reconfirm the long-established positive effect offluoride on dental health. Second, we estimate a zero-effect on cognitive ability – in contrast to several recent epidemiological studies. Third, fluoride is found to increase labor income.This effect is foremost driven by individuals from a lower socioeconomic background.
Research into the mobility of European Union (EU) citizens has contributed to a better understanding of the social effects of European integration. A growing body of literature highlights that naturalised third-country nationals are also making use of their 'freedomof movement'. This paper proposes a typology of 'new EU citizens' who onward migrate between member states. It draws on relevant statistics and qualitative empirical research carried out with Dutch-Somalis, Swedish-Iranians, and German-Nigerians who relocated to the UK. In contrast to research with native-born EU movers, our findings indicate that the majority of naturalised EU citizens onward migrated as a result of the discrimination and racism they experienced in their previous place of residence. In this paper, we conceptualise the interactions of integration and transnationalism as a potential trigger for onward migration. We illustrate how onward migrants are able to complete certain aspects of their integration process in a second member state. Moreover, we show how migrants maintain transnational ties across several destinations and therefore contribute to a broader understanding of transnationalism.
Years of 1940s in the Turkish History had been an era that had been observed various societal developments related with social and political aspects. By this view, II. World War years in the first half of the 1940s caused different and concrete effects on the Turkish intellectual, economical and political life. Those developments in line with the Western-and US-oriented socio-political and economical effects observed at thesecond half of the 1940s could be accepted as one of the most important thresh-holds of the Republican history. It is due to the situation that Turkey has commenced to engage into a total entegration with the Western World during this period regarding socio-economical, cultural and democratization aspects. However, years of the 1940s had been actually years of unstabilization and muti-faceted effects stemming from the reasons due to social and political areas. While situations, effects, approaches and pressures had realized for every sides and classes in the society, the relations between society and politics in Turkey during the years of 1940s have a great value in examining the issue in line with the acceptance that those years could act as mirror for current times. Therewithal, themainaim of this study is to examine the relation between society and politics in Turkey during the years of 1940s.
Improvements in cybernetics have made likely far reaching shifts in all areas of life. Thus, the scientific-technological developments after 1950s gave rise to “the information revolution” from which national security has quite been affected as well. The rapid growth in the fields of computing created a new realm of fantasy called cyberspace. As a phenomenon, cyberspace has the potential for enormous avails and advantages as well as unpredictable risks. There are three major dimensions all associated with cyberspace: technologies, policies and disputes. In order to analyze the real damage that a hypothetical cyber-war or individual act of cyber warfare could do to the citizens of any nation coming under attack, it is fundamental to begin with some reflections which will help us reach a full understanding of the phenomenon, and its related practical implications as well as impacts. Since cyberspace comprises many complicating matters, it is a further difficulty of developing new combative techniques, tools and norms in an area that is inherently secretive. Cyber-attackers do not announce who they are and the victims may not want to admit having been vulnerable. By this view, this research will specifically examine timeless, normless and unconstrained cyber warfare by rethinking its history, content, associated emerging policies and focus on the question of national security in light of the cyberspace phenomenon.
In 2011, Syrian chief in the administration of internal confusion and indicating his own people, violence, persecution and inhumane treatment due to be greater than started an immigration wave from Syria. This immigration wave is the most affected from the Turkey and the number of the country’s 3.5 million Syrian refugees/asylum seekers has exceeded officially. At the beginning of the most important problems in this process, there is no doubt in the age of Syrian children with primary and secondary school’s educational problems and their integration into Turkish society. The main objective of this study, Syria to Turkey from 2011 as the refugee/asylum seekers children education in primary and secondary education level by reviewing the application problems and to propose solutions. Basically a working research, qualitative method including scientific books, articles, dissertations and reports that Syrians with secondary data sources. Research method, content and discourse analysis of oral history interviews and with the methods used. Study; respectively, to briefly reflected on subsequent confusion in Syria, Turkey, who came to Syrian refugee children legal status examined; the corresponding legislation and problem areas identified, various solutions are listed my suggestions.