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  • 1. Agudo, Antonio
    et al.
    Bonet, Catalina
    Travier, Noemie
    Gonzalez, Carlos A.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Schuetze, Madlen
    Boeing, Heiner
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Overvad, Kim
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Tumino, Rosario
    Panico, Salvatore
    Boshuizen, Hendriek
    Buchner, Frederike L.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Borgquist, Signe
    Almquist, Martin
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Gram, Inger T.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Riboli, Elio
    Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study2012In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, ISSN 0732-183X, E-ISSN 1527-7755, Vol. 30, no 36, p. 4550-4557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose Our aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk of the tumors classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as causally associated with smoking, referred to as tobacco-related cancers (TRC). Methods The study population included 441,211 participants (133,018 men and 308,193 women) from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. We investigated 14,563 participants who developed a TRC during an average follow-up of 11 years. The impact of smoking cigarettes on cancer risk was assessed by the population attributable fraction (AF(p)), calculated using the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI for current and former smokers, plus either the prevalence of smoking among cancer cases or estimates from surveys in representative samples of the population in each country. Results The proportion of all TRC attributable to cigarette smoking was 34.9% (95% CI, 32.5 to 37.4) using the smoking prevalence among cases and 36.2% (95% CI, 33.7 to 38.6) using the smoking prevalence from the population. The AF(p) were above 80% for cancers of the lung and larynx, between 20% and 50% for most respiratory and digestive cancers and tumors from the lower urinary tract, and below 20% for the remaining TRC. Conclusion Using data on cancer incidence for 2008 and our AF(p) estimates, about 270,000 new cancer diagnoses per year can be considered attributable to cigarette smoking in the eight European countries with available data for both men and women (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Denmark). 

  • 2. Ahmad, S
    et al.
    Poveda, A
    Shungin, Dmitry
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Barroso, I
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Franks, Paul W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Established BMI-associated genetic variants and their prospective associations with BMI and other cardiometabolic traits: the GLACIER Study2016In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1346-1352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Recent cross-sectional genome-wide scans have reported associations of 97 independent loci with body mass index (BMI). In 3541 middle-aged adult participants from the GLACIER Study, we tested whether these loci are associated with 10-year changes in BMI and other cardiometabolic traits (fasting and 2-h glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures).

    METHODS: A BMI-specific genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated effect alleles at each locus. Trait-specific cardiometabolic GRSs comprised only the loci that show nominal association (P⩽0.10) with the respective trait in the original cross-sectional study. In longitudinal genetic association analyses, the second visit trait measure (assessed ~10 years after baseline) was used as the dependent variable and the models were adjusted for the baseline measure of the outcome trait, age, age(2), fasting time (for glucose and lipid traits), sex, follow-up time and population substructure.

    RESULTS: The BMI-specific GRS was associated with increased BMI at follow-up (β=0.014 kg m(-2) per allele per 10-year follow-up, s.e.=0.006, P=0.019) as were three loci (PARK2 rs13191362, P=0.005; C6orf106 rs205262, P=0.043; and C9orf93 rs4740619, P=0.01). Although not withstanding Bonferroni correction, a handful of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was nominally associated with changes in blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels.

    CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, established BMI-associated loci convey modest but statistically significant time-dependent associations with long-term changes in BMI, suggesting a role for effect modification by factors that change with time in this population.

  • 3. Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Rukh, Gull
    Varga, Tibor V
    Ali, Ashfaq
    Kurbasic, Azra
    Shungin, Dmitry
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Lund University.
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Koivula, Robert W
    Chu, Audrey Y
    Rose, Lynda M
    Ganna, Andrea
    Qi, Qibin
    Stancakova, Alena
    Sandholt, Camilla H
    Elks, Cathy E
    Curhan, Gary
    Jensen, Majken K
    Tamimi, Rulla M
    Allin, Kristine H
    Jorgensen, Torben
    Brage, Soren
    Langenberg, Claudia
    Aadahl, Mette
    Grarup, Niels
    Linneberg, Allan
    Pare, Guillaume
    Magnusson, Patrik KE
    Pedersen, Nancy L
    Boehnke, Michael
    Hamsten, Anders
    Mohlke, Karen L
    Pasquale, Louis T
    Pedersen, Oluf
    Scott, Robert A
    Ridker, Paul M
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Laakso, Markku
    Hansen, Torben
    Qi, Lu
    Wareham, Nicholas J
    Chasman, Daniel I
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Hu, Frank B
    Renström, Frida
    Orho-Melander, Marju
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Lund University and Harvard University.
    Gene x physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry2013In: PLOS Genetics, ISSN 1553-7390, E-ISSN 1553-7404, Vol. 9, no 7, p. e1003607-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibility loci were genotyped or imputed in 111,421 participants. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated alleles of each genetic variant. Physical activity was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and physical activity on BMI were tested in linear and logistic regression models in each cohort, with adjustment for age, age(2), sex, study center (for multicenter studies), and the marginal terms for physical activity and the GRS. These results were combined using meta-analysis weighted by cohort sample size. The meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant GRS x physical activity interaction effect estimate (P-interaction = 0.015). However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, P-interaction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, P-interaction = 0.275 for Europeans). In secondary analyses, both the FTO rs1121980 (P-interaction = 0.003) and the SEC16B rs10913469 (P-interaction = 0.025) variants showed evidence of SNP x physical activity interactions. This meta-analysis of 111,421 individuals provides further support for an interaction between physical activity and a GRS in obesity disposition, although these findings hinge on the inclusion of cohorts from North America, indicating that these results are either population-specific or non-causal.

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  • 4. Akesson, Agneta
    et al.
    Barregard, Lars
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Nordberg, Gunnar F.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Nordberg, Monica
    Skerfving, Staffan
    Non-Renal Effects and the Risk Assessment of Environmental Cadmium Exposure2014In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 122, no 5, p. 431-438Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing health risk assessment, the relationship between urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations and tubular proteinuria is used. However, doubts have recently been raised regarding the justification of basing the risk assessment on this relationship at very low exposure. Objectives: Our objective was to review available information on health effects of Cd exposure with respect to human health risk assessment. Discussion: The associations between U-Cd and urinary proteins at very low exposure may not be due to Cd toxicity, and the clinical significance of slight proteinuria may also be limited. More importantly, other effects have been reported at very low Cd exposure. There is reason to challenge the basis of the existing health risk assessment for Cd. Our review of the literature found that exposure to low concentrations of Cd is associated with effects on bone, including increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures, and that this observation has implications for the health risk assessment of Cd. Other effects associated with Cd should also be considered, in particular cancer, although the information is still too limited for appropriate use in quantitative risk assessment. Conclusion: Non-renal effects should be considered critical effects in the health risk assessment of Cd.

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  • 5. Albrechtsen, A.
    et al.
    Grarup, N.
    Li, Y.
    Sparso, T.
    Tian, G.
    Cao, H.
    Jiang, T.
    Kim, S. Y.
    Korneliussen, T.
    Li, Q.
    Nie, C.
    Wu, R.
    Skotte, L.
    Morris, A. P.
    Ladenvall, C.
    Cauchi, S.
    Stancakova, A.
    Andersen, G.
    Astrup, A.
    Banasik, K.
    Bennett, A. J.
    Bolund, L.
    Charpentier, G.
    Chen, Y.
    Dekker, J. M.
    Doney, A. S. F.
    Dorkhan, M.
    Forsen, T.
    Frayling, T. M.
    Groves, C. J.
    Gui, Y.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Hattersley, A. T.
    He, K.
    Hitman, G. A.
    Holmkvist, J.
    Huang, S.
    Jiang, H.
    Jin, X.
    Justesen, J. M.
    Kristiansen, K.
    Kuusisto, J.
    Lajer, M.
    Lantieri, O.
    Li, W.
    Liang, H.
    Liao, Q.
    Liu, X.
    Ma, T.
    Ma, X.
    Manijak, M. P.
    Marre, M.
    Mokrosinski, J.
    Morris, A. D.
    Mu, B.
    Nielsen, A. A.
    Nijpels, G.
    Nilsson, P.
    Palmer, C. N. A.
    Rayner, N. W.
    Renstrom, F.
    Ribel-Madsen, R.
    Robertson, N.
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Rossing, P.
    Schwartz, T. W.
    Slagboom, P. E.
    Sterner, M.
    Tang, M.
    Tarnow, L.
    Tuomi, T.
    van't Riet, E.
    van Leeuwen, N.
    Varga, T. V.
    Vestmar, M. A.
    Walker, M.
    Wang, B.
    Wang, Y.
    Wu, H.
    Xi, F.
    Yengo, L.
    Yu, C.
    Zhang, X.
    Zhang, J.
    Zhang, Q.
    Zhang, W.
    Zheng, H.
    Zhou, Y.
    Altshuler, D.
    't Hart, L. M.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Balkau, B.
    Froguel, P.
    McCarthy, M. I.
    Laakso, M.
    Groop, L.
    Christensen, C.
    Brandslund, I.
    Lauritzen, T.
    Witte, D. R.
    Linneberg, A.
    Jorgensen, T.
    Hansen, T.
    Wang, J.
    Nielsen, R.
    Pedersen, O.
    Exome sequencing-driven discovery of coding polymorphisms associated with common metabolic phenotypes2013In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 56, no 2, p. 298-310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human complex metabolic traits are in part regulated by genetic determinants. Here we applied exome sequencing to identify novel associations of coding polymorphisms at minor allele frequencies (MAFs) > 1% with common metabolic phenotypes. The study comprised three stages. We performed medium-depth (8x) whole exome sequencing in 1,000 cases with type 2 diabetes, BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2) and hypertension and in 1,000 controls (stage 1). We selected 16,192 polymorphisms nominally associated (p < 0.05) with case-control status, from four selected annotation categories or from loci reported to associate with metabolic traits. These variants were genotyped in 15,989 Danes to search for association with 12 metabolic phenotypes (stage 2). In stage 3, polymorphisms showing potential associations were genotyped in a further 63,896 Europeans. Exome sequencing identified 70,182 polymorphisms with MAF > 1%. In stage 2 we identified 51 potential associations with one or more of eight metabolic phenotypes covered by 45 unique polymorphisms. In meta-analyses of stage 2 and stage 3 results, we demonstrated robust associations for coding polymorphisms in CD300LG (fasting HDL-cholesterol: MAF 3.5%, p = 8.5 x 10(-14)), COBLL1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 12.5%, OR 0.88, p = 1.2 x 10(-11)) and MACF1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 23.4%, OR 1.10, p = 8.2 x 10(-10)). We applied exome sequencing as a basis for finding genetic determinants of metabolic traits and show the existence of low-frequency and common coding polymorphisms with impact on common metabolic traits. Based on our study, coding polymorphisms with MAF above 1% do not seem to have particularly high effect sizes on the measured metabolic traits.

  • 6. Ali, Ashfaq
    et al.
    Varga, Tibor V.
    Stojkovic, Ivana A.
    Schulz, Christina-Alexandra
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Barroso, Ines
    Poveda, Alaitz
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Orho-Melander, Marju
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
    Do Genetic Factors Modify the Relationship Between Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia?: Findings From the GLACIER and the MDC Studies2016In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics, ISSN 1942-325X, E-ISSN 1942-3268, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 162-171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Obesity is a major risk factor for dyslipidemia, but this relationship is highly variable. Recently published data from 2 Danish cohorts suggest that genetic factors may underlie some of this variability.

    Methods and Results We tested whether established triglyceride-associated loci modify the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride concentrations in 2 Swedish cohorts (the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk [GLACIER Study; N=4312] and the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study [N=5352]). The genetic loci were amalgamated into a weighted genetic risk score (WGRS(TG)) by summing the triglyceride-elevating alleles (weighted by their established marginal effects) for all loci. Both BMI and the WGRS(TG) were strongly associated with triglyceride concentrations in GLACIER, with each additional BMI unit (kg/m(2)) associated with 2.8% (P=8.4x10(-84)) higher triglyceride concentration and each additional WGRS(TG) unit with 2% (P=7.6x10(-48)) higher triglyceride concentration. Each unit of the WGRS(TG) was associated with 1.5% higher triglyceride concentrations in normal weight and 2.4% higher concentrations in overweight/obese participants (P-interaction=0.056). Meta-analyses of results from the Swedish cohorts yielded a statistically significant WGRS(TG)xBMI interaction effect (P-interaction=6.0x10(-4)), which was strengthened by including data from the Danish cohorts (P-interaction=6.5x10(-7)). In the meta-analysis of the Swedish cohorts, nominal evidence of a 3-way interaction (WGRS(TG)xBMIxsex) was observed (P-interaction=0.03), where the WGRS(TG)xBMI interaction was only statistically significant in females. Using protein-protein interaction network analyses, we identified molecular interactions and pathways elucidating the metabolic relationships between BMI and triglyceride-associated loci.

    Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that body fatness accentuates the effects of genetic susceptibility variants in hypertriglyceridemia, effects that are most evident in females.

  • 7. Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ströck, Viveka
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Gårdmark, Truls
    Sherif, Amir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Jerlström, Tomas
    Malmström, Per-Uno
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Holmberg, Lars
    Treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients with other primary cancers: A nationwide population-based study in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2020In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 126, no 5, p. 625-632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To study how patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) with previous or concomitant other primary cancers (OPC) were treated, and to investigate their prognosis.

    METHODS: Using nationwide population-based data in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), we analysed the probability of treatment with curative intent, and bladder cancer specific and overall survival in patients with UBC diagnosed in the period 1997 - 2014 with or without OPC. The analyses considered the patient's characteristics, UBC tumour stage at diagnosis and site of OPC.

    RESULTS: There were 38689 patients, of which 9804 (25%) had OPC. Those with synchronous OPC more often had T2 and T3 tumours and clinically distant disease at diagnosis than those with UBC only. Patients with synchronous prostate cancer, female genital cancer and lower gastro-intestinal cancer were more often treated with curative intent than patients with UBC only. When models of survival were adjusted for age at diagnosis, marital status, education, year of diagnosis, CCI and T-stage, UBC-specific survival was similar to patients with UBC only, but overall survival was lower for patients with synchronous OPC, explained mainly by deaths in OPC primaries with a bad prognosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: OPC is common in patients with UBC. Treatment for UBC - after or in conjunction with an OPC - should not be neglected and carries just as high probability of success as treatment in patients with UBC only. The needs of patients with UBC and OPC and optimisation of their treatment in light of their complicated disease trajectory are important areas of research.

  • 8. Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ströck, Viveka
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Gårdmark, Truls
    Sherif, Amir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Jerlström, Tomas
    Malmström, Per-Uno
    Holmberg, Lars
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Management and outcome of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node metastases: a nationwide population-based study in the bladder cancer data base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2019In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 53, no 5, p. 332-338Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the clinical management and outcome of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node involvement, using longitudinal nationwide population-based data.

    Methods: In the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), treatment and survival in patients with urinary bladder cancer clinical stage T2-T4 N + M0 diagnosed between 1997 and 2014 was investigated. Patients´ characteristics were studied in relation to TNM classification, curative or palliative treatment, cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Age at diagnosis was categorised as ≤60, 61-70, 71-80 and >80 years, and time periods were stratified as follows: 1997-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2014.

    Results: There were 786 patients (72% males) with a median age of 71 years (interquartile range = 64-79 years). The proportion of patients with high comorbidity increased over time. Despite similar low comorbidity, curative treatment was given to 44% and to 70% of those in older (>70 years) and younger age groups, respectively. Curative treatment decreased over time, but chemotherapy and cystectomy increased to 25% during the last time period. Patients with curative treatment had better survival compared to those with palliative treatment, both regarding CSS and OS in the whole cohort and in all age groups.

    Conclusions: The low proportion of older patients undergoing treatment with curative intent, despite no or limited comorbidity, indicates missed chances of treatment with curative intent. The reasons for an overall decrease in curative treatment over time need to be analysed and the challenge of coping with an increasing proportion of node-positive patients with clinically significant comorbidity needs to be met.

  • 9. Allen, Naomi E
    et al.
    Appleby, Paul N
    Key, Timothy J
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Ros, Martine M
    Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Roswall, Nina
    Overvad, Kim
    Weikert, Steffen
    Boeing, Heiner
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Teucher, Birgit
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Peeters, Petra
    Quirós, Jose Ramón
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Ehrnström, Roy
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Parr, Christine L
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Karapetyan, Tina
    Dilis, Vardis
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fagherrazzi, Guy
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Gunter, Marc J
    Riboli, Elio
    Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition2013In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 132, no 3, p. 635-644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adjusted for smoking status and duration, body mass index and total energy intake. After an average of 11.3 years of follow-up, 1,416 new cases of urothelial cell carcinoma were identified. After allowing for measurement error, a 3% increase in the consumption of energy intake from animal protein was associated with a 15% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3-30%; p(trend) = 0.01) and a 2% increase in energy from plant protein intake was associated with a 23% lower risk (95% CI: 36-7%, p(trend) = 0.006). Dietary intake of fat, carbohydrate, fibre or calcium was not associated with risk. These findings suggest that animal and/or plant protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and examination of these associations in other studies is needed.

  • 10. Anantharaman, Devasena
    et al.
    Muller, David C
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Ahrens, Wolfgang
    Holcátová, Ivana
    Merletti, Franco
    Kjærheim, Kristina
    Polesel, Jerry
    Simonato, Lorenzo
    Canova, Cristina
    Castellsague, Xavier
    Macfarlane, Tatiana V
    Znaor, Ariana
    Thomson, Peter
    Robinson, Max
    Conway, David I
    Healy, Claire M
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Westin, Ulla
    Ekström, Johanna
    Chang-Claude, Jenny
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Overvad, Kim
    Drogan, Dagmar
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Laurell, Göran
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Peeters, Petra H
    Agudo, Antonio
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Travis, Ruth C
    Palli, Domenico
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    George, Saitakis
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Grioni, Sara
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Navarro, Carmen
    Sánchez, María-José
    Tumino, Rosario
    Severi, Gianluca
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Panico, Salvatore
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Lund, Eiliv
    Gram, Inger T
    Riboli, Elio
    Pawlita, Michael
    Waterboer, Tim
    Kreimer, Aimée R
    Johansson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Brennan, Paul
    Combined effects of smoking and HPV16 in oropharyngeal cancer2016In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 45, no 3, p. 752-761Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically, whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is not understood.

    METHODS: Using HPV serology as a marker of HPV-related cancer, we examined the interaction between smoking and HPV16 in 459 oropharyngeal (and 1445 oral cavity and laryngeal) cancer patients and 3024 control participants from two large European multi-centre studies. Odds ratios and credible intervals [CrI], adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated using Bayesian logistic regression.

    RESULTS: Both smoking [odds ratio (OR [CrI]: 6.82 [4.52, 10.29]) and HPV seropositivity (OR [CrI]: 235.69 [99.95, 555.74]) were independently associated with oropharyngeal cancer. The joint association of smoking and HPV seropositivity was consistent with that expected on the additive scale (synergy index [CrI]: 1.32 [0.51, 3.45]), suggesting they act as independent risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer.

    CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was consistently associated with increase in oropharyngeal cancer risk in models stratified by HPV16 seropositivity. In addition, we report that the prevalence of oropharyngeal cancer increases with smoking for both HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative persons. The impact of smoking on HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer highlights the continued need for smoking cessation programmes for primary prevention of head and neck cancer.

  • 11. Arnheim, L
    et al.
    Dillner, Joakim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sanjeevi, CB
    A population-based cohort study of KIR genes and genotypes in relation to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia2005In: Tissue Antigens, ISSN 0001-2815, E-ISSN 1399-0039, Vol. 65, no 3, p. 252-259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural killer (NK) cells are involved both in control of virus infections and in elimination of tumor cells. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) either activate or inhibit NK cell-mediated cytolysis, protecting healthy cells from destruction while enabling killing of abnormal cells. To investigate whether KIR genes or genotypes are associated with cervical carcinogenesis, a nested case-control study of 65 case women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosed during a 6-year follow-up of 15,234 women and 150 control women from the same cohort that remained healthy was performed. More than 70 different genotypes were observed, and 33 of which had not been described previously. An A-genotype including KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, and KIR2DS4 was associated with increased risk of CIN (OR 6.7; 95% CI 1.7-26.3), and KIR2DL5B*002 appeared to have an inverse association with disease (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.5-2.9). There was no association of CIN with the number of activating KIR genes. There was also no association between KIR genes and type of human papilloma virus or with other CIN-related immune response genes. It was concluded that certain KIR genes and genotypes may associate with cervical neoplasia.

  • 12. Arslan, Alan A.
    et al.
    Koenig, Karen L.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Afanasyeva, Yelena
    Shore, Roy E.
    Chen, Yu
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women2014In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 23, no 7, p. 1290-1297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It has been hypothesized that predominance of the 2-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism pathway over the 16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1), and the 2-OHE1: 16 alpha-OHE1 ratio in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within two prospective cohorts: the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort (NSMSC), with adjustment for circulating levels of estrone, and additional analyses by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. Levels of 2-OHE1 and 16 alpha-OHE1 were measured using ESTRAMET 2/16 assay in stored serum or plasma samples from 499 incident breast cancer cases and 499 controls, who were matched on cohort, age, and date of blood donation. Results: Overall, no significant associations were observed between breast cancer risk and circulating levels of 2-OHE1, 16 alpha-OHE1, or their ratio in either cohort and in combined analyses. For 2-OHE1, there was evidence of heterogeneity by ER status in models adjusting for estrone (P <= 0.03). We observed a protective association of 2-OHE1 with ER + breast cancer [multivariate-adjusted OR for a doubling of 2-OHE1, 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.94; P = 0.02)]. Conclusions: In this study, higher levels of 2-OHE1 were associated with reduced risk of ER + breast cancer in postmenopausal women after adjustment for circulating estrone. Impact: These results suggest that taking into account the levels of parent estrogens and ER status is important in studies of estrogen metabolites and breast cancer.

  • 13. Arthur, Rhonda
    et al.
    Møller, Henrik
    Garmo, Hans
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Malmström, Håkan
    Lambe, Mats
    Hammar, Niklas
    Walldius, Göran
    Robinson, David
    Jungner, Ingmar
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in relation to prostate cancer death in the Swedish AMORIS study2019In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 195-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Lifestyle-related conditions such as obesity are associated with prostate cancer progression, but the associations with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are unclear. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol with prostate cancer death. Methods: From the Swedish AMORIS cohort, we selected 14,150 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1996 and 2011 who had prediagnostic measurements of serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressionmodels were used to determine the hazard ratios for death in relation to the aforementioned metabolic markers. Results: Using clinical cut-off points, a non-significant positive association was observed between glucose and prostate cancer death. When compared to those with glucose in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile had greater risk of prostate cancer death (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02-1.39). However, neither total cholesterol nor triglycerides were associated with prostate cancer death. Glucose and triglycerides were positively associated with overall, cardiovascular, and other deaths. Hypercholesterolemia was only associated with risk of CVD death. Conclusion: Our results suggest that glucose levels may influence prostate cancer survival, but further studies using repeated measurements are needed to further elucidate how glucose levels may influence prostate cancer progression.

  • 14. Asli, Lene A.
    et al.
    Braaten, Tonje
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Renstrom, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Skeie, Guri
    Potato consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer in the HELGA cohort2018In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 119, no 12, p. 1408-1415Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Potatoes have been a staple food in many countries throughout the years. Potatoes have a high glycaemic index (GI) score, and high GI has been associated with several chronic diseases and cancers. Still, the research on potatoes and health is scarce and contradictive, and we identified no prospective studies that had investigated the association between potatoes as a single food and the risk of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between potato consumption and pancreatic cancer among 114 240 men and women in the prospective HELGA cohort, using Cox proportional hazard models. Information on diet (validated FFQ's), lifestyle and health was collected by means of a questionnaire, and 221 pancreatic cancer cases were identified through cancer registries. The mean follow-up time was 11.4 (95 % CI 0.3, 169) years. High consumption of potatoes showed a non-significantly higher risk of pancreatic cancer in the adjusted model (hazard ratio (HR) 1.44; 95 % CI 0.93, 2.22, P-for trend 0.030) when comparing the highest v. the lowest quartile of potato consumption. In the sex-specific analyses, significant associations were found for females (HR 2.00; 95 % CI 1.07, 3.72, P-for trend 0.020), but not for males (HR 1.01; 95 % CI 0.56, 1.84, P-for trend 0.34). In addition, we explored the associations by spline regression, and the absence of dose-response effects was confirmed. In this study, high potato consumption was not consistently associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Further studies with larger populations are needed to explore the possible sex difference.

  • 15. Assi, Nada
    et al.
    Fages, Anne
    Vineis, Paolo
    Chadeau-Hyam, Marc
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Byrnes, Graham
    Boumaza, Houda
    Knueppel, Sven
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Palli, Domenico
    Bamia, Christina
    Boshuizen, Hendriek
    Bonet, Catalina
    Overvad, Kim
    Johansson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Travis, Ruth
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Dossus, Laure
    Elena-Herrmann, Benedicte
    Riboli, Elio
    Jenab, Mazda
    Viallon, Vivian
    Ferrari, Pietro
    A statistical framework to model the meeting-in-the-middle principle using metabolomic data: application to hepatocellular carcinoma in the EPIC study2015In: Mutagenesis, ISSN 0267-8357, E-ISSN 1464-3804, Vol. 30, no 6, p. 743-753Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metabolomics is a potentially powerful tool for identification of biomarkers associated with lifestyle exposures and risk of various diseases. This is the rationale of the 'meeting-in-the-middle' concept, for which an analytical framework was developed in this study. In a nested case-control study on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), serum H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra (800 MHz) were acquired for 114 cases and 222 matched controls. Through partial least square (PLS) analysis, 21 lifestyle variables (the 'predictors', including information on diet, anthropometry and clinical characteristics) were linked to a set of 285 metabolic variables (the 'responses'). The three resulting scores were related to HCC risk by means of conditional logistic regressions. The first PLS factor was not associated with HCC risk. The second PLS metabolomic factor was positively associated with tyrosine and glucose, and was related to a significantly increased HCC risk with OR = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.22, P = 0.02) for a 1SD change in the responses score, and a similar association was found for the corresponding lifestyle component of the factor. The third PLS lifestyle factor was associated with lifetime alcohol consumption, hepatitis and smoking, and had negative loadings on vegetables intake. Its metabolomic counterpart displayed positive loadings on ethanol, glutamate and phenylalanine. These factors were positively and statistically significantly associated with HCC risk, with 1.37 (1.05, 1.79, P = 0.02) and 1.22 (1.04, 1.44, P = 0.01), respectively. Evidence of mediation was found in both the second and third PLS factors, where the metabolomic signals mediated the relation between the lifestyle component and HCC outcome. This study devised a way to bridge lifestyle variables to HCC risk through NMR metabolomics data. This implementation of the 'meeting-in-the-middle' approach finds natural applications in settings characterised by high-dimensional data, increasingly frequent in the omics generation.

  • 16. Baglietto, Laura
    et al.
    Ponzi, Erica
    Haycock, Philip
    Hodge, Allison
    Bianca Assumma, Manuela
    Jung, Chol-Hee
    Chung, Jessica
    Fasanelli, Francesca
    Guida, Florence
    Campanella, Gianluca
    Chadeau-Hyam, Marc
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Ala, Ugo
    Provero, Paolo
    Wong, Ee Ming
    Joo, Jihoon
    English, Dallas R
    Kazmi, Nabila
    Lund, Eiliv
    Faltus, Christian
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Risch, Angela
    Barrdahl, Myrto
    Sandanger, Torkjel M
    Southey, Melissa C
    Giles, Graham G
    Johansson, Mattias
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Polidoro, Silvia
    Relton, Caroline L
    Severi, Gianluca
    DNA methylation changes measured in pre-diagnostic peripheral blood samples are associated with smoking and lung cancer risk2017In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 140, no 1, p. 50-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    DNA methylation changes are associated with cigarette smoking. We used the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array to determine whether methylation in DNA from pre-diagnostic, peripheral blood samples is associated with lung cancer risk. We used a case-control study nested within the EPIC-Italy cohort and a study within the MCCS cohort as discovery sets (a total of 552 case-control pairs). We validated the top signals in 429 case-control pairs from another 3 studies. We identified six CpGs for which hypomethylation was associated with lung cancer risk: cg05575921 in the AHRR gene (p-valuepooled  = 4 × 10(-17) ), cg03636183 in the F2RL3 gene (p-valuepooled  = 2 × 10 (- 13) ), cg21566642 and cg05951221 in 2q37.1 (p-valuepooled  = 7 × 10(-16) and 1 × 10(-11) respectively), cg06126421 in 6p21.33 (p-valuepooled  = 2 × 10(-15) ) and cg23387569 in 12q14.1 (p-valuepooled  = 5 × 10(-7) ). For cg05951221 and cg23387569 the strength of association was virtually identical in never and current smokers. For all these CpGs except for cg23387569, the methylation levels were different across smoking categories in controls (p-valuesheterogeneity  ≤ 1.8 x10 (- 7) ), were lowest for current smokers and increased with time since quitting for former smokers. We observed a gain in discrimination between cases and controls measured by the area under the ROC curve of at least 8% (p-values ≥ 0.003) in former smokers by adding methylation at the 6 CpGs into risk prediction models including smoking status and number of pack-years. Our findings provide convincing evidence that smoking and possibly other factors lead to DNA methylation changes measurable in peripheral blood that may improve prediction of lung cancer risk.

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  • 17.
    Bahadoer, Renu R.
    et al.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, Netherlands.
    Bastiaannet, Esther
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, Netherlands.
    Claassen, Yvette H.M.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, Netherlands.
    van der Mark, Marianne
    Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Department of Research and Development, Godebaldkwartier 419, Postbus 19079, DB Utrecht, Netherlands.
    van Eycken, Elizabeth
    Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215 Bus 7, Brussels, Belgium.
    Verbeeck, Julie
    Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215 Bus 7, Brussels, Belgium.
    Guren, Marianne G.
    Oslo University Hospital, Department of Oncology and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Nydalen, PO, Oslo, Norway.
    Kørner, Hartwig
    Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Postboks 8100, Stavanger, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jonas Lies Veg 87, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
    Martling, Anna
    Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, Netherlands.
    Dekker, Jan Willem T.
    Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graafweg 5, Postbus 5011, GA Delft, Netherlands.
    One-year excess mortality and treatment in surgically treated patients with colorectal cancer: A EURECCA European comparison2021In: European Journal of Surgical Oncology, ISSN 0748-7983, E-ISSN 1532-2157, Vol. 47, no 7, p. 1651-1660Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Mortality in the first postoperative year represents an accurate reflection of the perioperative risk after colorectal cancer surgery. This research compares one-year mortality after surgery divided into three age-categories (18-64, 65-74, ≥75 years), focusing on time trends and comparing treatment strategies.

    Material: Population-based data of all patients diagnosed and treated surgically for stage I-III primary colorectal cancer from 2007 to 2016, were collected from Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Stratified for age-category and stage, treatment was evaluated, and 30-day, one-year and one-year excess mortality were calculated for colon and rectal cancer separately. Results were evaluated over two-year time periods.

    Results: Data of 206,024 patients were analysed. Postoperative 30-day and one-year mortality reduced significantly over time in all countries and age-categories. Within the oldest age category, in 2015–2016, one-year excess mortality varied from 9% in Belgium to 4% in Sweden for colon cancer and, from 9% in Belgium to 3% in the other countries for rectal cancer. With increasing age, patients were less likely to receive additional therapy besides surgery. In Belgium, colon cancer patients were more often treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001). For neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer, patients in Belgium and Norway were mostly treated with chemoradiotherapy. In the Netherlands and Sweden, radiotherapy alone was preferred (p < 0.001).

    Conclusions: Despite improvement over time in all countries and age-categories, substantial variation exists in one-year postoperative mortality. Differences in one-year excess postoperative mortality could be due to differences in treatment strategies, highlighting the consequences of under- and over-treatment on cancer survival.

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  • 18.
    Bahadoer, Renu R.
    et al.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
    Bastiaannet, Esther
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, Leiden, Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
    Peeters, Koen C.M.J.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
    van Eycken, Elizabeth
    Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215 bus 7, Brussels, Belgium.
    Verbeeck, Julie
    Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215 bus 7, Brussels, Belgium.
    Guren, Marianne G.
    Oslo University Hospital, Department of Oncology, PO 4953 Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
    Kørner, Hartwig
    Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Postboks 8100, Stavanger, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jonas Lies veg 87, Bergen, Norway.
    Martling, Anna
    Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Solnavägen 1, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Robert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.
    Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
    Dekker, Jan Willem T.
    Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graafweg 5, Postbus 5011, Delft, Netherlands.
    The survival gap between young and older patients after surgical resection for colorectal cancer remains largely based on early mortality: A EURECCA comparison of four European countries2022In: Journal of Geriatric Oncology, ISSN 1879-4068, E-ISSN 1879-4076, Vol. 13, no 6, p. 803-812Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A decade ago, it was demonstrated that the difference in survival between older patients and younger patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) was mainly due to mortality in the first postoperative year. Over the last few years, improvements - especially in perioperative care - have increased survival. The current research investigates whether a survival gap between younger and older patients with CRC still exists on a national level in four European countries.

    Methods: Population-based data from Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden were collected from patients that underwent surgical resection for primary stage I-III CRC between 2007 and 2016. Relative survival and conditional relative survival (CS), with the condition of surviving the first postoperative year, were calculated for colon and rectal cancer separately, stratified for country and age category (<65, 65–75, ≥75 years). In addition, relative excess risk of death (RER) was estimated, and one-year excess mortality was calculated.

    Results: Data of 206,024 patients were analyzed. In general, compared to patients <65 years, patients ≥75 years had a worse survival during the first year after surgery, which was most pronounced in Belgium (RER colon cancer 2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–2.8] and RER rectal cancer 2.6 [95% CI 2.3–2.9]). After surviving the first year, CS was mostly not statistically different between patients <65 years and patients ≥75 years with stage I-II, with the exception of stage II colon cancer in Belgium. However, CS remained worse in the largest part of the patients ≥75 years with stage III colon or rectal cancer (except for rectal cancer in Norway).

    Conclusions: Although differences exist between the countries, the survival gap between young and older patients is based mainly on early mortality and remains only for stage III disease after surviving the first year.

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  • 19. Bakker, Marije F.
    et al.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Klaasen, Veronique M.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Jansen, Eugene H. J. M.
    Ros, Martine M.
    Travier, Noemie
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Brennan, Paul
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Perquier, Florence
    Cadeau, Claire
    Boeing, Heiner
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Kühn, Tilman
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Vineis, Paolo
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Masala, Giovanna
    Tumino, Rosario
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Skeie, Guri
    Lund, Eiliv
    Ramon Quirós, J.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Navarro, Carmen
    Amiano, Pilar
    Sánchez, María-José
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Johansson, Matthias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Riboli, Elio
    van Gils, Carla H.
    Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 103, no 2, p. 454-464Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Carotenoids and vitamin C are thought to be associated with reduced cancer risk because of their antioxidative capacity.

    Objective: This study evaluated the associations of plasma carotenoid, retinol, tocopherol, and vitamin C concentrations and risk of breast cancer.

    Design: In a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 1502 female incident breast cancer cases were included, with an oversampling of premenopausal (n = 582) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) cases (n = 462). Controls (n = 1502) were individually matched to cases by using incidence density sampling. Prediagnostic samples were analyzed for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and 454 vitamin C. Breast cancer risk was computed according to hormone receptor status and age at diagnosis (proxy for menopausal status) by using conditional logistic regression and was further stratified by smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). All statistical tests were 2-sided.

    Results: In quintile 5 compared with quintile 1, alpha-carotene (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and beta-carotene (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65) were inversely associated with risk of ER- breast tumors. The other analytes were not statistically associated with ER- breast cancer. For estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors, no statistically significant associations were found. The test for heterogeneity between ER- and ER+ tumors was statistically significant only for beta-carotene (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). A higher risk of breast cancer was found for retinol in relation to ER-/progesterone receptor-negative tumors (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.67; P-heterogeneity with ER+/progesterone receptor positive = 0.06). We observed no statistically significant interaction between smoking, alcohol, or BMI and all investigated plasma analytes (based on tertile distribution).

    Conclusion: Our results indicate that higher concentrations of plasma beta-carotene and alpha-carotene are associated with lower breast cancer risk of ER tumors.

  • 20. Baltar, Valéria Troncoso
    et al.
    Xun, Wei W
    Johansson, Mattias
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Chuang, Shu-Chun
    Relton, Caroline
    Ueland, Per Magne
    Midttun, Oivind
    Slimani, Nadia
    Jenab, Mazda
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Boeing, Heiner
    Weikert, Cornelia
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Boshuizen, Hendriek
    van Gils, Carla H
    Onland-Moret, N Charlotte
    Agudo, Antonio
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Navarro, Carmen
    Rodríguez, Laudina
    Castaño, José Maria Huerta
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Allen, Naomi E
    Crowe, Francesca
    Gallo, Valentina
    Norat, Teresa
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Masala, Giovanna
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Rasmuson, Torgny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Roswall, Nina
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Riboli, Elio
    Brennan, Paul
    Vineis, Paolo
    A structural equation modelling approach to explore the role of B vitamins and immune markers in lung cancer risk2013In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 28, no 8, p. 677-688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is considered key in maintaining DNA integrity and regulating gene expression, and may be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. Several B-vitamins and amino acids have been implicated in lung cancer risk, via the OCM directly as well as immune system activation. However it is unclear whether these factors act independently or through complex mechanisms. The current study applies structural equations modelling (SEM) to further disentangle the mechanisms involved in lung carcinogenesis. SEM allows simultaneous estimation of linear relations where a variable can be the outcome in one equation and the predictor in another, as well as allowing estimation using latent variables (factors estimated by correlation matrix). A large number of biomarkers have been analysed from 891 lung cancer cases and 1,747 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Four putative mechanisms in the OCM and immunity were investigated in relation to lung cancer risk: methionine-homocysteine metabolism, folate cycle, transsulfuration, and mechanisms involved in inflammation and immune activation, all adjusted for tobacco exposure. The hypothesized SEM model confirmed a direct and protective effect for factors representing methionine-homocysteine metabolism (p = 0.020) and immune activation (p = 0.021), and an indirect protective effect of folate cycle (p = 0.019), after adjustment for tobacco smoking. In conclusion, our results show that in the investigation of the involvement of the OCM, the folate cycle and immune system in lung carcinogenesis, it is important to consider complex pathways (by applying SEM) rather than the effects of single vitamins or nutrients (e.g. using traditional multiple regression). In our study SEM were able to suggest a greater role of the methionine-homocysteine metabolism and immune activation over other potential mechanisms.

  • 21. Barton, Maria
    et al.
    Santucci-Pereira, Julia
    de Cicco, Ricardo Lopez
    Russo, Irma H.
    Ross, Eric A.
    Slifker, Michael
    Peri, Suraj
    Bordas, Pal
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Toniolo, Paolo
    Russo, Jose
    Long noncoding RNAs in the postmenopausal breast and their role in cancer prevention2014In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 74, no 19Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 22. Beckmann, Kerri
    et al.
    Russell, Beth
    Josephs, Debra
    Garmo, Hans
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Adolfsson, Jan
    Chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory medications and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study2019In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 19, article id 612Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Whether chronic inflammation increases prostate cancer risk remains unclear. This study investigated whether chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) or anti-inflammatory medication use (AIM) were associated with prostate cancer risk.

    Methods: Fifty-five thousand nine hundred thirty-seven cases (all prostate cancer, 2007–2012) and 279,618 age-matched controls were selected from the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. CIDs and AIMs was determined from national patient and drug registers. Associations were investigated using conditional logistic regression, including for disease/drug subtypes and exposure length/dose.

    Results: Men with a history of any CID had slightly increased risk of any prostate cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) but not ‘unfavourable’ (high-risk or advanced) prostate cancer. Generally, risk of prostate cancer was highest for shorter exposure times. However, a positive association was observed for asthma > 5 years before prostate cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.40). Risk of prostate cancer was increased with prior use of any AIMs (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.24–1.29). A positive trend with increasing cumulative dose was only observed for inhaled glucocorticoids (p < 0.011).

    Conclusion: Detection bias most likely explains the elevated risk of prostate cancer with prior history of CIDs or use of AIMs, given the higher risk immediately after first CID event and lack of dose response. However, findings for length of time with asthma and dose of inhaled glucocorticoids suggest that asthma may increase risk of prostate cancer through other pathways.

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  • 23. Bentley, Amy R.
    et al.
    Sung, Yun J.
    Brown, Michael R.
    Winkler, Thomas W.
    Kraja, Aldi T.
    Ntalla, Ioanna
    Schwander, Karen
    Chasman, Daniel, I
    Lim, Elise
    Deng, Xuan
    Guo, Xiuqing
    Liu, Jingmin
    Lu, Yingchang
    Cheng, Ching-Yu
    Sim, Xueling
    Vojinovic, Dina
    Huffman, Jennifer E.
    Musani, Solomon K.
    Li, Changwei
    Feitosa, Mary F.
    Richard, Melissa A.
    Noordam, Raymond
    Baker, Jenna
    Chen, Guanjie
    Aschard, Hugues
    Bartz, Traci M.
    Ding, Jingzhong
    Dorajoo, Rajkumar
    Manning, Alisa K.
    Rankinen, Tuomo
    Smith, Albert, V
    Tajuddin, Salman M.
    Zhao, Wei
    Graff, Mariaelisa
    Alver, Maris
    Boissel, Mathilde
    Chai, Jin Fang
    Chen, Xu
    Divers, Jasmin
    Evangelou, Evangelos
    Gao, Chuan
    Goel, Anuj
    Hagemeijer, Yanick
    Harris, Sarah E.
    Hartwig, Fernando P.
    He, Meian
    Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.
    Hsu, Fang-Chi
    Hung, Yi-Jen
    Jackson, Anne U.
    Kasturiratne, Anuradhani
    Komulainen, Pirjo
    Kuehnel, Brigitte
    Leander, Karin
    Lin, Keng-Hung
    Luan, Jian'an
    Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka
    Matoba, Nana
    Nolte, Ilja M.
    Pietzner, Maik
    Prins, Bram
    Riaz, Muhammad
    Robino, Antonietta
    Said, M. Abdullah
    Schupf, Nicole
    Scott, Robert A.
    Sofer, Tamar
    Stancakova, Alena
    Takeuchi, Fumihiko
    Tayo, Bamidele O.
    van der Most, Peter J.
    Varga, Tibor V.
    Wang, Tzung-Dau
    Wang, Yajuan
    Ware, Erin B.
    Wen, Wanqing
    Xiang, Yong-Bing
    Yanek, Lisa R.
    Zhang, Weihua
    Zhao, Jing Hua
    Adeyemo, Adebowale
    Afaq, Saima
    Amin, Najaf
    Amini, Marzyeh
    Arking, Dan E.
    Arzumanyan, Zorayr
    Aung, Tin
    Ballantyne, Christie
    Barr, R. Graham
    Bielak, Lawrence F.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Bottinger, Erwin P.
    Broeckel, Ulrich
    Brown, Morris
    Cade, Brian E.
    Campbell, Archie
    Canouil, Mickael
    Charumathi, Sabanayagam
    Chen, Yii-Der Ida
    Christensen, Kaare
    Concas, Maria Pina
    Connell, John M.
    de las Fuentes, Lisa
    de Silva, H. Janaka
    de Vries, Paul S.
    Doumatey, Ayo
    Duan, Qing
    Eaton, Charles B.
    Eppinga, Ruben N.
    Faul, Jessica D.
    Floyd, James S.
    Forouhi, Nita G.
    Forrester, Terrence
    Friedlander, Yechiel
    Gandin, Ilaria
    Gao, He
    Ghanbari, Mohsen
    Gharib, Sina A.
    Gigante, Bruna
    Giulianini, Franco
    Grabe, Hans J.
    Gu, C. Charles
    Harris, Tamara B.
    Heikkinen, Sami
    Heng, Chew-Kiat
    Hirata, Makoto
    Hixson, James E.
    Ikram, M. Arfan
    Jia, Yucheng
    Joehanes, Roby
    Johnson, Craig
    Jonas, Jost Bruno
    Justice, Anne E.
    Katsuya, Tomohiro
    Khor, Chiea Chuen
    Kilpelainen, Tuomas O.
    Koh, Woon-Puay
    Kolcic, Ivana
    Kooperberg, Charles
    Krieger, Jose E.
    Kritchevsky, Stephen B.
    Kubo, Michiaki
    Kuusisto, Johanna
    Lakka, Timo A.
    Langefeld, Carl D.
    Langenberg, Claudia
    Launer, Lenore J.
    Lehne, Benjamin
    Lewis, Cora E.
    Li, Yize
    Liang, Jingjing
    Lin, Shiow
    Liu, Ching-Ti
    Liu, Jianjun
    Liu, Kiang
    Loh, Marie
    Lohman, Kurt K.
    Louie, Tin
    Luzzi, Anna
    Magi, Reedik
    Mahajan, Anubha
    Manichaikul, Ani W.
    McKenzie, Colin A.
    Meitinger, Thomas
    Metspalu, Andres
    Milaneschi, Yuri
    Milani, Lili
    Mohlke, Karen L.
    Momozawa, Yukihide
    Morris, Andrew P.
    Murray, Alison D.
    Nalls, Mike A.
    Nauck, Matthias
    Nelson, Christopher P.
    North, Kari E.
    O'Connell, Jeffrey R.
    Palmer, Nicholette D.
    Papanicolau, George J.
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Peters, Annette
    Peyser, Patricia A.
    Polasek, Ozren
    Poulter, Neil
    Raitakari, Olli T.
    Reiner, Alex P.
    Renstrom, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Rice, Treva K.
    Rich, Stephen S.
    Robinson, Jennifer G.
    Rose, Lynda M.
    Rosendaal, Frits R.
    Rudan, Igor
    Schmidt, Carsten O.
    Schreiner, Pamela J.
    Scott, William R.
    Sever, Peter
    Shi, Yuan
    Sidney, Stephen
    Sims, Mario
    Smith, Jennifer A.
    Snieder, Harold
    Starr, John M.
    Strauch, Konstantin
    Stringham, Heather M.
    Tan, Nicholas Y. Q.
    Tang, Hua
    Taylor, Kent D.
    Teo, Yik Ying
    Tham, Yih Chung
    Tiemeier, Henning
    Turner, Stephen T.
    Uitterlinden, Andre G.
    van Heemst, Diana
    Waldenberger, Melanie
    Wang, Heming
    Wang, Lan
    Wang, Lihua
    Wei, Wen Bin
    Williams, Christine A.
    Wilson, Gregory, Sr.
    Wojczynski, Mary K.
    Yao, Jie
    Young, Kristin
    Yu, Caizheng
    Yuan, Jian-Min
    Zhou, Jie
    Zonderman, Alan B.
    Becker, Diane M.
    Boehnke, Michael
    Bowden, Donald W.
    Chambers, John C.
    Cooper, Richard S.
    de Faire, Ulf
    Deary, Ian J.
    Elliott, Paul
    Esko, Tonu
    Farrall, Martin
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Return to work after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
    Freedman, Barry, I
    Froguel, Philippe
    Gasparini, Paolo
    Gieger, Christian
    Horta, Bernardo L.
    Juang, Jyh-Ming Jimmy
    Kamatani, Yoichiro
    Kammerer, Candace M.
    Kato, Norihiro
    Kooner, Jaspal S.
    Laakso, Markku
    Laurie, Cathy C.
    Lee, I-Te
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Oldehinkel, Albertine J.
    Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
    Pereira, Alexandre C.
    Rauramaa, Rainer
    Redline, Susan
    Samani, Nilesh J.
    Scott, James
    Shu, Xiao-Ou
    van der Harst, Pim
    Wagenknecht, Lynne E.
    Wang, Jun-Sing
    Wang, Ya Xing
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Watkins, Hugh
    Weir, David R.
    Wickremasinghe, Ananda R.
    Wu, Tangchun
    Zeggini, Eleftheria
    Zheng, Wei
    Bouchard, Claude
    Evans, Michele K.
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Kardia, Sharon L. R.
    Liu, Yongmei
    Psaty, Bruce M.
    Ridker, Paul M.
    van Dam, Rob M.
    Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.
    Fornage, Myriam
    Province, Michael A.
    Kelly, Tanika N.
    Fox, Ervin R.
    Hayward, Caroline
    van Duijn, Cornelia M.
    Tai, E. Shyong
    Wong, Tien Yin
    Loos, Ruth J. F.
    Franceschini, Nora
    Rotter, Jerome, I
    Zhu, Xiaofeng
    Bierut, Laura J.
    Gauderman, W. James
    Rice, Kenneth
    Munroe, Patricia B.
    Morrison, Alanna C.
    Rao, Dabeeru C.
    Rotimi, Charles N.
    Cupples, L. Adrienne
    Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids2019In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 51, no 4, p. 636-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations with lipids may be modified by smoking. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study in 133,805 individuals with follow-up in an additional 253,467 individuals. Combined meta-analyses identified 13 new loci associated with lipids, some of which were detected only because association differed by smoking status. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of including diverse populations, particularly in studies of interactions with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences by ancestry may contribute to novel findings.

  • 24. Berger, Eloise
    et al.
    Delpierre, Cyrille
    Hosnijeh, Fatemeh Saberi
    Kelly-Irving, Michelle
    Portengen, Lutzen
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Ann Sofie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Palli, Domenico
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Chadeau-Hyam, Marc
    Vermeulen, Roel
    Castagné, Raphaële
    Association between low-grade inflammation and Breast cancer and B-cell Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: findings from two prospective cohorts2018In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 10805Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chronic inflammation may be involved in cancer development and progression. Using 28 inflammatory-related proteins collected from prospective blood samples from two case-control studies nested in the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (n = 261) and in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (n = 402), we tested the hypothesis that an inflammatory score is associated with breast cancer (BC) and.-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-cell NHL, including 68 multiple myeloma cases) onset. We modelled the relationship between this inflammatory score and the two cancers studied: (BC and B-cell NHL) using generalised linear models, and assessed, through adjustments the role of behaviours and lifestyle factors. Analyses were performed by cancer types pooling both populations, and stratified by cohorts, and time to diagnosis. Our results suggested a lower inflammatory score in B-cell NHL cases (β = -1.28, p = 0.012), and, to lesser, extent with BC (β= -0.96, p = 0.33) compared to controls, mainly driven by cancer cases diagnosed less than 6 years after enrolment. These associations were not affected by subsequent adjustments for potential intermediate confounders, notably behaviours. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings were not affected by the way the inflammatory score was calculated. These observations call for further studies involving larger populations, larger variety of cancer types and repeated measures of larger panel of inflammatory markers.

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  • 25. Bessa, Agustina
    et al.
    Maclennan, Steven
    Enting, Deborah
    Bryan, Richard
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Reply to Jon Mikel Inarritu, Daniele Castellani, and Jeremy YC Teoh's Letter to the Editor re: Agustina Bessa, Steven Maclennan, Deborah Enting, et al. Consensus in Bladder Cancer Research Priorities Between Patients and Healthcare Professionals Using a Four-stage Modified Delphi Method. Eur Urol 2019;76:260-12019In: European Urology, ISSN 0302-2838, E-ISSN 1873-7560, Vol. 76, no 2, p. E45-E46Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26. Bessa, Agustina
    et al.
    Maclennan, Steven
    Enting, Deborah
    Bryan, Richard
    Josephs, Debra
    Hughes, Simon
    Amery, Suzanne
    Khan, Muhammad Shamim
    Malde, Sachin
    Nair, Rajesh
    Cahill, Fidelma
    Wylie, Harriet
    Thurairaja, Ramesh
    Chatterton, Kathryn
    Kinsella, Netty
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Consensus in Bladder Cancer Research Priorities Between Patients and Healthcare Professionals Using a Four-stage Modified Delphi Method2019In: European Urology, ISSN 0302-2838, E-ISSN 1873-7560, Vol. 76, no 2, p. 258-259Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27. Bessa, Agustina
    et al.
    Martin, Rebecca
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, UK; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Enting, Deborah
    Amery, Suzanne
    Khan, Muhammad Shamim
    Cahill, Fidelma
    Wylie, Harriet
    Broadhead, Samantha
    Chatterton, Kathryn
    Malde, Sachin
    Nair, Rajesh
    Thurairaja, Ramesh
    Kumar, Pardeep
    Haire, Anna
    Green, Saran
    Northover, Margaret
    Briggs, Karen
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Unmet needs in sexual health in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review of the evidence2020In: BMC Urology, E-ISSN 1471-2490, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 64Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Bladder cancer (BC) treatment can have a detrimental effect on the sexual organs of patients and yet assessment of sexual health needs has been greatly overlooked for these patients compared to those who have undergone other cancer therapies.

    Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in July 2019. Studies were identified by conducting searches for Medline (using the PubMed interface), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid) using a list of defined search terms.

    Results: 15 out of 37 studies included men only, 10 studies women only and 11 both sexes. Most participants were aged 50 to 65 years. Most studies (n = 34) focused on muscle invasive BC and only three on non-muscle invasive BC. Measurements of sexual dysfunction, including erection, ejaculation, firmness and desire, were the most commonly used measurements to report sexual health in men. In women, lubrification/dryness, desire, orgasm and dyspareunia were the most commonly reported. Twenty-one studies evaluated sexual dysfunction based on validated questionnaires, two with a non-validated questionnaire and through interviewing participants.

    Conclusion: While recognition of the importance of the inclusion of psychometric measurements to assess sexual health is growing, there is a lack of consistent measures to assess sexual health in BC. With the focus on QoL arising in cancer survivorship, further studies are needed to develop, standardize and implement use of sexual health questionnaires with appropriate psychometrics and social measures to evaluate QoL in BC patients.

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  • 28.
    Bessa, Agustina
    et al.
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Rammant, Elke
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
    Enting, Deborah
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Dept. of Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Bryan, Richard T.
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Khan, Muhammad Shamim
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Malde, Sachin
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Nair, Rajesh
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Thurairaja, Ramesh
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Cahill, Fidelma
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Amery, Suzanne
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Smith, Sue
    Dept. of Psychology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
    Ahmed, Kamran
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Russell, Beth
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Moss, Charlotte
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Chatterton, Kathryn
    Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
    The need for supportive mental wellbeing interventions in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature2021In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 1, article id e0243136Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: There is an increased awareness of the effect of a bladder cancer diagnosis and its treatments on the mental wellbeing of patients. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of interventions to improve this mental wellbeing. This systematic review is the first phase of the Medical Research Council Framework for developing complex interventions and provides an overview of the published mental wellbeing interventions that could be used to design an intervention specific for BC patients.

    Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in January 2019 and studies were identified by conducting searches for Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Ovid Gateway. All included studies met the following criteria: mental wellbeing interventions of adults with medically confirmed diagnosis of any type of urological cancer, reported outcomes for specific HRQoL domains including psychological factors. The quality of evidence was assessed according to Down and Black 27-item checklist.

    Results: A total of 15,094 records were collected from the literature search and 10 studies matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, nine interventions were for patients with prostate cancer and one for patients with kidney cancer. No studies were found for other urological cancers. Depression was the most commonly reported endpoint measured. Of the included studies with positive efficacy, three were group interventions and two were couple interventions. In the group interventions, all showed a reduction in depressive symptoms and in the couple interventions, there was a reduction in depressive symptoms and a favourable relationship cohesion. The couple interventions were the most feasible and acceptable, but further research was required for most of the studies.

    Conclusion: While awareness of the importance of mental wellbeing in bladder cancer patients is growing, this systematic literature review highlights the gap of feasible and acceptable interventions for this patient population.

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  • 29. Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala
    et al.
    Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M.
    Dik, Vincent K.
    Jeurnink, Suzanne M.
    Bech, Bodil H.
    Overvad, Kim
    Halkjær, Jytte
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Racine, Antoine
    Katzke, Verena A.
    Li, Kuanrong
    Boeing, Heiner
    Floegel, Anna
    Androulidaki, Anna
    Bamia, Christina
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Masala, Giovanna
    Panico, Salvatore
    Crosignani, Paolo
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Gavrilyuk, Oxana
    Skeie, Guri
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Duell, Eric J.
    Arguelles, Marcial
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Lindkvist, Björn
    Wallström, Peter
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Ye, Weimin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Key, Timothy J.
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Freisling, Heinz
    Licaj, Idlir
    Gallo, Valentina
    Michaud, Dominique S.
    Riboli, Elio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Intake of Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, or Tea Does Not Affect Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: Results From the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer Study2013In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ISSN 1542-3565, E-ISSN 1542-7714, Vol. 11, no 11, p. 1486-1492Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few modifiable risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. There is little evidence for the effects of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea intake on risk of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption with risk of pancreatic cancer.

    METHODS: This study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, comprising male and female participants from 10 European countries. Between 1992 and 2000, there were 477,312 participants without cancer who completed a dietary questionnaire, and were followed up to determine pancreatic cancer incidence. Coffee and tea intake was calibrated with a 24-hour dietary recall. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable Cox regression.

    RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 11.6 y, 865 first incidences of pancreatic cancers were reported. When divided into fourths, neither total intake of coffee (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.27; high vs low intake), decaffeinated coffee (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76-1.63; high vs low intake), nor tea were associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95-1.56; high vs low intake). Moderately low intake of caffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), compared with low intake. However, no graded dose response was observed, and the association attenuated after restriction to histologically confirmed pancreatic cancers.

    CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of data from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, total coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption are not related to the risk of pancreatic cancer.

  • 30. Bjørge, Tone
    et al.
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Ghaderi, Sara
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Manjer, Jonas
    Tretli, Steinar
    Ulmer, Hanno
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Rosendahl, Ann H.
    Lang, Alois
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Stocks, Tanja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Engeland, Anders
    BMI and weight changes and risk of obesity-related cancers: a pooled European cohort study2019In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 48, no 6, p. 1872-2885Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers. Adult weight gain has been associated with increased cancer risk, but studies on timing and duration of adult weight gain are relatively scarce. We examined the impact of BMI (body mass index) and weight changes over time, as well as the timing and duration of excess weight, on obesity- and non-obesity-related cancers.

    Methods: We pooled health data from six European cohorts and included 221 274 individuals with two or more height and weight measurements during 1972–2014. Several BMI and weight measures were constructed. Cancer cases were identified through linkage with national cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) of cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from time-dependent Cox-regression models.

    Results: During follow-up, 27 881 cancer cases were diagnosed; 9761 were obesity-related. The HR of all obesity-related cancers increased with increasing BMI at first and last measurement, maximum BMI and longer duration of overweight (men only) and obesity. Participants who were overweight before age 40 years had an HR of obesity-related cancers of 1.16 (95% CI 1.02, 1.32) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.04, 1.27) in men and women, respectively, compared with those who were not overweight. The risk increase was particularly high for endometrial (70%), male renal-cell (58%) and male colon cancer (29%). No positive associations were seen for cancers not regarded as obesity-related.

    Conclusions: Adult weight gain was associated with increased risk of several major cancers. The degree, timing and duration of overweight and obesity also seemed to be important. Preventing weight gain may reduce the cancer risk.

  • 31.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Zheng, Rui
    Hanhineva, Kati
    Landberg, Rikard
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Vidman, Linda
    Gunter, Marc
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Brunius, Carl
    Data-driven dietary patterns and their association with colorectal cancer risk and untargeted plasma metabolite profilesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 32. Bohler, S.
    et al.
    Espín-Pérez, A.
    Gebel, S.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Palli, D.
    Rantakokko, P.
    Kiviranta, H.
    Kyrtopoulos, S.
    Balling, R.
    Kleinjans, J. C. S.
    Genes associated with Parkinson's disease respond to increasing polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the blood of healthy females2018In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 295, p. S159-S160Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33. Borena, Wegene
    et al.
    Edlinger, Michael
    Bjørge, Tone
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Lindkvist, Björn
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Engeland, Anders
    Stocks, Tanja
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology. Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Strohmaier, Susanne
    Manjer, Jonas
    Selmer, Randi
    Tretli, Steinar
    Concin, Hans
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Ulmer, Hanno
    A prospective study on metabolic risk factors and gallbladder cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 2, p. e89368-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the association between metabolic risk factors (individually and in combination) and risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Methods: The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden with data on 578,700 men and women. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to calculate relative risks of GBC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as continuous standardised variables and their standardised sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. The risk estimates were corrected for random error in measurements. Results: During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 184 primary gallbladder cancers were diagnosed. Relative risk of gallbladder cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI (except for BMI itself) and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.57) and blood glucose 1.76 (1.10, 2.85). Further analysis showed that the effect of BMI on GBC risk is larger among women in the premenopausal age group (1.84 (1.23, 2.78)) compared to those in the postmenopausal age group (1.29 (0.93, 1.79)). For the other metabolic factors no significant association was found (mid blood pressure 0.96 (0.71, 1.31), cholesterol 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) and serum triglycerides 1.16 (0.82, 1.64)). The relative risk per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.37 (1.07, 1.73). Conclusion: This study showed that increasing BMI and impaired glucose metabolism pose a possible risk for gallbladder cancer. Beyond the individual factors, the results also showed that the metabolic syndrome as an entity presents a risk constellation for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.

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  • 34.
    Borgmästars, Emmy
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Jacobson, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Simm, Maja
    Johansson, Mattias
    International Agency for Research on Cancer.
    Billing, Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Lundin, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Nyström, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Öhlund, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Lubovac-Pilav, Zelmina
    University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Pär
    Franklin, Oskar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Metabolomics for early pancreatic cancer detection in plasma samples from a Swedish prospective population-based biobankManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Borgmästars, Emmy
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Johansson, Mattias
    International Agency for Research on Cancer.
    Jonsson, Pär
    Billing, Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Franklin, Oskar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Lubovac-Pilav, Zelmina
    University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Plasma multi-omics in pre-diagnostic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma samples from a Swedish prospective biobankManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 36. Botteri, E.
    et al.
    Ferrari, P.
    Roswall, N.
    Tjonneland, A.
    Hjartaker, A.
    Huerta, J. M.
    Fortner, R. T.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Karakatsani, A.
    La Vecchia, C.
    Pala, V.
    Perez-Cornago, A.
    Sonestedt, E.
    Liedberg, F.
    Overvad, K.
    Sanchez, M. J.
    Gram, I. T.
    Stepien, M.
    Trijsburg, L.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Johansson, M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Kuehn, T.
    Panico, S.
    Tumino, R.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Alcohol consumption and risk of urothelial cell bladder cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort2017In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 141, no 10, p. 1963-1970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Findings on the association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer are inconsistent. We investigated that association in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We included 476,160 individuals mostly aged 35-70 years, enrolled in ten countries and followed for 13.9 years on average. Hazard ratios (HR) for developing urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC; 1,802 incident cases) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Alcohol consumption at baseline and over the life course was analyzed, as well as different types of beverages (beer, wine, spirits). Baseline alcohol intake was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of UCC (HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.06 for each additional 12 g/day). HR in smokers was 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07). Men reporting high baseline intakes of alcohol (>96 g/day) had an increased risk of UCC (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.03-2.40) compared to those reporting moderate intakes (<6 g/day), but no dose-response relationship emerged. In men, an increased risk of aggressive forms of UCC was observed even at lower doses (>6 to 24 g/day). Average lifelong alcohol intake was not associated with the risk of UCC, however intakes of spirits>24 g/day were associated with an increased risk of UCC in men (1.38; 95% CI 1.01-1.91) and smokers (1.39; 95% CI 1.01-1.92), compared to moderate intakes. We found no association between alcohol and UCC in women and never smokers. In conclusion, we observed some associations between alcohol and UCC in men and in smokers, possibly because of residual confounding by tobacco smoking.

  • 37.
    Brink, Mikael
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    Hansson, Monika
    Mathsson, Linda
    Jakobsson, Per-Johan
    Holmdahl, Rikard
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Stenlund, Hans
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Rönnelid, Johan
    Klareskog, Lars
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    Multiplex analyses of antibodies against citrullinated peptides in individuals prior to development of rheumatoid arthritis2013In: Arthritis and Rheumatism, ISSN 0004-3591, E-ISSN 1529-0131, Vol. 65, no 4, p. 899-910Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: The presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides has been demonstrated to precede the symptom onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by several years. Antibodies against 10 citrullinated autoantigen-derived peptides were analysed for reactivity before onset of symptoms. METHODS: In the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden 409 individuals were identified, of whom 386 provided 717 samples, obtained before onset of symptoms of RA (median time 7.4 (IQR 9.3) years); 1305 population based controls were also identified. Antibodies to 10 citrullinated peptides; fibrinogen (Fib) Fibα573, Fibα591, Fibß36-52, Fibß72, Fibß74, α-enolase (CEP-1), Type II Collagen citC1(III) , filaggrin, vimentin (Vim)2-17, and Vim60-75 were analysed using a microarray system. RESULTS: The antibody fluorescence intensity of Fibß36-52, Fibß74, CEP-1, citC1(III) , and filaggrin was significantly increased in pre-disease individuals compared with controls (p<0.001). The levels of the earliest detectable antibodies (Fibα591 and Vim60-75) fluctuated over time, with only a slight increase after onset of disease. Antibodies against Fibß36-52, CEP-1 and filaggrin increased gradually reaching the highest levels of all antibodies before symptom onset. A cluster of antibodies, citC1(III) , Fibα573 and Fibß74 increased only slightly before onset of symptoms but prominently after disease onset. The odds ratio for development of RA with a combination of CEP-1 and Fibß36-52 antibodies (<3.35 years pre-dating) was 38.8 (CI95%14.5-103.5) compared with having either. CONCLUSION: Development of an immune response towards citrullinated peptides is initially restricted but expands with time to induce a more specific response with increasing levels towards onset of symptoms, particularly invoving antibodies against CEP-1, Fibß36-52 and filaggrin.

  • 38. Brunkwall, Louise
    et al.
    Chen, Yan
    Hindy, George
    Rukh, Gull
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Barroso, Ines
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
    Orho-Melander, Marju
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity in 2 Swedish cohorts2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 104, no 3, p. 809-815Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which has increased substantially during the last decades, has been associated with obesity and weight gain.

    Objective: Common genetic susceptibility to obesity has been shown to modify the association between SSB intake and obesity risk in 3 prospective cohorts from the United States. We aimed to replicate these findings in 2 large Swedish cohorts.

    Design: Data were available for 21,824 healthy participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study and 4902 healthy participants from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk Study. Self-reported SSB intake was categorized into 4 levels (seldom, low, medium, and high). Unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were constructed based on 30 body mass index [(BMI) in kg/m2]-associated loci, and effect modification was assessed in linear regression equations by modeling the product and marginal effects of the GRS and SSB intake adjusted for age-, sex-, and cohort-specific covariates, with BMI as the outcome. In a secondary analysis, models were additionally adjusted for putative confounders (total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity).

    Results: In an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis, each SSB intake category increment was associated with a 0.18 higher BMI (SE = 0.02; P = 1.7 × 10−20n = 26,726). In the fully adjusted model, a nominal significant interaction between SSB intake category and the unweighted GRS was observed (P-interaction = 0.03). Comparing the participants within the top and bottom quartiles of the GRS to each increment in SSB intake was associated with 0.24 (SE = 0.04; P = 2.9 × 10−8n = 6766) and 0.15 (SE = 0.04; P = 1.3 × 10−4n = 6835) higher BMIs, respectively.

    Conclusions: The interaction observed in the Swedish cohorts is similar in magnitude to the previous analysis in US cohorts and indicates that the relation of SSB intake and BMI is stronger in people genetically predisposed to obesity.

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  • 39. Buckland, G
    et al.
    Travier, N
    Cottet, V
    Gonzalez, CA
    Lujan-Barroso, L
    Agudo, A
    Trichopoulou, A
    Lagiou, P
    Trichopoulos, D
    Peeters, PH
    May, A
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Duijnhoven, FJ Bvan
    Key, TJ
    Allen, N
    Khaw, KT
    Wareham, N
    Romieu, I
    McCormack, V
    Boutron-Ruault, M
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Panico, S
    Agnoli, C
    Palli, D
    Tumino, R
    Vineis, P
    Amiano, P
    Barricarte, A
    Rodriguez, L
    Sanchez, MJ
    Chirlaque, MD
    Kaaks, R
    Teucher, B
    Boeing, H
    Bergmann, MM
    Overvad, K
    Dahm, CC
    Tjonneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Manjer, J
    Wirfalt, E
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Lund, E
    Hjartaker, A
    Skeie, G
    Vergnaud, AC
    Norat, T
    Romaguera, D
    Riboli, E
    Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort study2013In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 132, no 12, p. 2918-2927Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiological evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet (MD) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC). As evidence from the prospective studies remains scarce and conflicting, we investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC among 335,062 women recruited from 1992 to 2000, in ten European countries, and followed for 11 years on average. Adherence to the MD was estimated through an adapted relative Mediterranean diet (arMED) score excluding alcohol. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used while adjusting for BC risk factors. A total of 9,009 postmenopausal and 1,216 premenopausal first primary incident invasive BC were identified (5,862 estrogen or progesterone receptor positive [ER+/PR+] and 1,018 estrogen and progesterone receptor negative [ER/PR]). The arMED was inversely associated with the risk of BC overall and in postmenopausal women (high vs. low arMED score; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 1.00] ptrend = 0.048, and HR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.87, 0.99] ptrend = 0.037, respectively). The association was more pronounced in ER/PR tumors (HR = 0.80 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.99] ptrend = 0.043). The arMED score was not associated with BC in premenopausal women. Our findings show that adherence to a MD excluding alcohol was related to a modest reduced risk of BC in postmenopausal women, and this association was stronger in receptor-negative tumors. The results support the potential scope for BC prevention through dietary modification.

  • 40. Buckland, G.
    et al.
    Travier, N.
    Huerta, J. M.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(As)
    Siersema, P. D.
    Skeie, G.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Engeset, D.
    Ericson, U.
    Ohlsson, B.
    Agudo, A.
    Romieu, I.
    Ferrari, P.
    Freisling, H.
    Colorado-Yohar, S.
    Li, K.
    Kaaks, R.
    Pala, V.
    Cross, A. J.
    Riboli, E.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Lagiou, P.
    Bamia, C.
    Boutron-Ruault, M. C.
    Fagherazzi, G.
    Dartois, L.
    May, A. M.
    Peeters, P. H.
    Panico, S.
    Johansson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), France.
    Wallner, Bengt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Palli, D.
    Key, T. J.
    Khaw, K. T.
    Ardanaz, E.
    Overvad, K.
    Tjonneland, A.
    Dorronsoro, M.
    Sanchez, M. J.
    Quiros, J. R.
    Naccarati, A.
    Tumino, R.
    Boeing, H.
    Gonzalez, C. A.
    Healthy lifestyle index and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the EPIC cohort study2015In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 137, no 3, p. 598-606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol, certain dietary factors and weight are independently associated with gastric cancer (GC); however, their combined impact on GC risk is unknown. We constructed a healthy lifestyle index to investigate the joint influence of these behaviors on GC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The analysis included 461,550 participants (662 first incident GC cases) with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years. A healthy lifestyle index was constructed, assigning 1 point for each healthy behavior related to smoking status, alcohol consumption and diet quality (represented by the Mediterranean diet) for assessing overall GC and also body mass index for cardia GC and 0 points otherwise. Risk of GC was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models while adjusting for relevant confounders. The highest versus lowest score in the healthy lifestyle index was associated with a significant lower risk of GC, by 51% overall (HR 0.49 95% CI 0.35, 0.70), by 77% for cardia GC (HR 0.23 95% CI 0.08, 0.68) and by 47% for noncardia GC (HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.32, 0.87), p-trends<0.001. Population attributable risk calculations showed that 18.8% of all GC and 62.4% of cardia GC cases could have been prevented if participants in this population had followed the healthy lifestyle behaviors of this index. Adopting several healthy lifestyle behaviors including not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, eating a healthy diet and maintaining a normal weight is associated with a large decreased risk of GC. What's new? Several modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking status, alcohol consumption, diet quality and weight, have been independently associated with gastric cancer. Behavioral patterns often cluster, however, lifestyle scores can be used to analyse overlapping risk factors. In this study, the authors used a healthy-lifestyle index to evaluate the combined effects of all of the above factors on the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). They found that following a healthy lifestyle dramatically decreases the burden of gastric cancer.

  • 41. Campa, Daniele
    et al.
    Mergarten, Bjoern
    De Vivo, Immaculata
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Racine, Antoine
    Severi, Gianluca
    Nieters, Alexandra
    Katzke, Verena A.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Yiannakouris, Nikos
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Boeing, Heiner
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Duell, Eric J.
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Mara Huerta, Jose
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Vineis, Paolo
    Riboli, Elio
    Siddiq, Afshan
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Nilsson, Peter M.
    Sund, Malin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Ye, Weimin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Jareid, Mie
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Kong, So Yeon
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Canzian, Federico
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Leukocyte Telomere Length in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study2014In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 23, no 11, p. 2447-2454Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Several studies have examined leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a possible predictor for cancer at various organ sites. The hypothesis originally motivating many of these studies was that shorter telomeres would be associated with an increase in cancer risk; the results of epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent, however, and suggested positive, negative, or null associations. Two studies have addressed the association of LTL in relation to pancreatic cancer risk and the results are contrasting. Methods: We measured LTL in a prospective study of 331 pancreatic cancer cases and 331 controls in the context of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Results: We observed that the mean LTL was higher in cases (0.59 +/- 0.20) than in controls (0.57 +/- 0.17), although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.07), and a basic logistic regression model showed no association of LTL with pancreas cancer risk. When adjusting for levels of HbA1c and C-peptide, however, there was a weakly positive association between longer LTL and pancreatic cancer risk [OR, 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.27]. Additional analyses by cubic spline regression suggested a possible nonlinear relationship between LTL and pancreatic cancer risk (P = 0.022), with a statistically nonsignificant increase in risk at very low LTL, as well as a significant increase at high LTL. Conclusion: Taken together, the results from our study do not support LTL as a uniform and strong predictor of pancreatic cancer. Impact: The results of this article can provide insights into telomere dynamics and highlight the complex relationship between LTL and pancreatic cancer risk.

  • 42. Campanella, Gianluca
    et al.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Polidoro, Silvia
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Palli, Domenico
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Fiorito, Giovanni
    Guarrera, Simonetta
    Iacoviello, Licia
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Lenner, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    de Kok, Theo M. C. M.
    Georgiadis, Panagiotis
    Kleinjans, Jos C. S.
    Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Lillycrop, Karen A.
    May, Anne M.
    Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
    Murray, Robert
    Riboli, Elio
    Verschuren, Monique
    Lund, Eiliv
    Mode, Nicolle
    Sandanger, Torkjel M.
    Fiano, Valentina
    Trevisan, Morena
    Matullo, Giuseppe
    Froguel, Philippe
    Elliott, Paul
    Vineis, Paolo
    Chadeau-Hyam, Marc
    Epigenome-wide association study of adiposity and future risk of obesity-related diseases2018In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 42, no 12, p. 2022-2035Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction.

    Methods: DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waistheight ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population.

    Results: We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P=9.07×10−8 to 3.27×10−18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P=6.00×10−7), higher triglyceride levels (P=5.37×10−9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P=1.03×10−10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P<1.6×10−3) and one intergenic locus on chromosome 1 was inversely associated with myocardial infarction (P<1.25×10−3), independently of obesity and established risk factors.

    Conclusion: Our results suggest that epigenetic changes, in particular altered DNA methylation patterns, may be an intermediate biomarker at the intersection of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and could offer clues as to underlying biological mechanisms.

  • 43. Cao, Yin
    et al.
    Lindström, Sara
    Schumacher, Fredrick
    Stevens, Victoria L.
    Albanes, Demetrius
    Berndt, Sonja I.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Canzian, Federico
    Chamosa, Saioa
    Chanock, Stephen J.
    Diver, W. Ryan
    Gapstur, Susan M.
    Gaziano, J. Michael
    Giovannucci, Edward L.
    Haiman, Christopher A.
    Henderson, Brian
    Johansson, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Le Marchand, Loïc
    Palli, Domenico
    Rosner, Bernard
    Siddiq, Afshan
    Stampfer, Meir
    Stram, Daniel O.
    Tamimi, Rulla
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Willett, Walter C.
    Yeager, Meredith
    Kraft, Peter
    Hsing, Ann W.
    Pollak, Michael
    Lin, Xihong
    Ma, Jing
    Insulin-like growth factor pathway genetic polymorphisms, circulating IGF1 and IGFBP3, and prostate cancer survival2014In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, ISSN 0027-8874, E-ISSN 1460-2105, Vol. 106, no 5, article id dju218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) initiation, but its role in progression remains unknown.

    METHODS: Among 5887 PCa patients (704 PCa deaths) of European ancestry from seven cohorts in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium, we conducted Cox kernel machine pathway analysis to evaluate whether 530 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 IGF pathway-related genes were collectively associated with PCa mortality. We also conducted SNP-specific analysis using stratified Cox models adjusting for multiple testing. In 2424 patients (313 PCa deaths), we evaluated the association of prediagnostic circulating IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels and PCa mortality. All statistical tests were two-sided.

    RESULTS: The IGF signaling pathway was associated with PCa mortality (P = .03), and IGF2-AS and SSTR2 were the main contributors (both P = .04). In SNP-specific analysis, 36 SNPs were associated with PCa mortality with P-trend less than .05, but only three SNPs in the IGF2-AS remained statistically significant after gene-based corrections. Two were in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 1 for rs1004446 and rs3741211), whereas the third, rs4366464, was independent (r(2) = 0.03). The hazard ratios (HRs) per each additional risk allele were 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.34; P-trend = .003) for rs3741211 and 1.44 (95% CI = 1.20 to 1.73; P-trend < .001) for rs4366464. rs4366464 remained statistically significant after correction for all SNPs (P-trend.corr = .04). Prediagnostic IGF1 (HRhighest (vs lowest quartile) = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.48 to 1.04) and IGFBP3 (HR = 0.93; 95% Cl = 0.65 to 1.34) levels were not associated with PCa mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: The IGF signaling pathway, primarily IGF2-AS and SSTR2 genes, may be important in PCa survival.

  • 44. Carrasquilla, German D.
    et al.
    Chiavenna, Chiara
    Bottai, Matteo
    Magnusson, Patrik K.
    Santacatterina, Michele
    Wolk, Alicja
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Engstrom, Gunnar
    Borgfeldt, Christer
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Berglund, Anita
    Leander, Karin
    The association between menopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease depends on timing of initiation in relation to menopause onset. Results based on pooled individual participant data from The Combined Cohorts of Menopausal Women - Studies of Register Based Health Outcomes in Relation to Hormonal Drugs (COMPREHEND) study2015In: Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause, ISSN 1072-3714, E-ISSN 1530-0374, Vol. 22, no 12, p. 1373-1373Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 45. Chadeau-Hyam, M.
    et al.
    Vermeulen, R. C. H.
    Hebels, D. G. A. J.
    Castagne, R.
    Campanella, G.
    Portengen, L.
    Kelly, R. S.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Melin, Beatrice
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Palli, D.
    Krogh, V.
    Tumino, R.
    Sacerdote, C.
    Panico, S.
    de Kok, T. M. C. M.
    Smith, M. T.
    Kleinjans, J. C. S.
    Vineis, P.
    Kyrtopoulos, S. A.
    Prediagnostic transcriptomic markers of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveal perturbations 10 years before diagnosis2014In: Annals of Oncology, ISSN 0923-7534, E-ISSN 1569-8041, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 1065-1072Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    B-cell lymphomas are a diverse group of hematological neoplasms with differential etiology and clinical trajectories. Increased insights in the etiology and the discovery of prediagnostic markers have the potential to improve the clinical course of these neoplasms.

    METHODS:

    We investigated in a prospective study global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 263 incident B-cell lymphoma cases, diagnosed between 1 and 17 years after blood sample collection, and 439 controls, nested within two European cohorts.

    RESULTS:

    Our analyses identified only transcriptomic markers for specific lymphoma subtypes; few markers of multiple myeloma (N = 3), and 745 differentially expressed genes in relation to future risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The strongest of these associations were consistently found in both cohorts and were related to (B-) cell signaling networks and immune system regulation pathways. CLL markers exhibited very high predictive abilities of disease onset even in cases diagnosed more than 10 years after blood collection.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    This is the first investigation on blood cell global gene expression and future risk of B-cell lymphomas. We mainly identified genes in relation to future risk of CLL that are involved in biological pathways, which appear to be mechanistically involved in CLL pathogenesis. Many but not all of the top hits we identified have been reported previously in studies based on tumor tissues, therefore suggesting that a mixture of preclinical and early disease markers can be detected several years before CLL clinical diagnosis.

  • 46. Chan, Simon S. M.
    et al.
    Luben, Robert
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Teucher, Birgit
    Lindgren, Stefan
    Grip, Olof
    Key, Timothy
    Crowe, Francesca L.
    Bergmann, Manuela M.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Karling, Pontus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Overvad, Kim
    Palli, Domenico
    Masala, Giovanna
    Kennedy, Hugh
    vanSchaik, Fiona
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Oldenburg, Bas
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Riboli, Elio
    Hart, Andrew R.
    Body Mass Index and the Risk for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Data From a European Prospective Cohort Study (The IBD in EPIC Study)2013In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0002-9270, E-ISSN 1572-0241, Vol. 108, no 4, p. 575-582Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with a proinflammatory state that may be involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which there are plausible biological mechanisms. Our aim was to perform the first prospective cohort study investigating if there is an association between obesity and the development of incident IBD. METHODS: A total of 300,724 participants were recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. At recruitment, anthropometric measurements of height and weight plus physical activity and total energy intake from validated questionnaires were recorded. The cohort was monitored identifying participants who developed either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Each case was matched with four controls and conditional logistic regression used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for body mass index (BMI) adjusted for smoking, energy intake, and physical activity. RESULTS: In the cohort, 177 participants developed incident UC and 75 participants developed incident CD. There were no associations with the four higher categories of BMI compared with a normal BMI for UC (P-trend = 0.36) or CD (P-trend = 0.83). The lack of associations was consistent when BMI was analyzed as a continuous or binary variable (BMI 18.5 <25.0 vs. >= 25 kg/m(2)). Physical activity and total energy intake, factors that influence BMI, did not show any association with UC (physical activity, P-trend = 0.79; total energy intake, P-trend = 0.18) or CD (physical activity, P-trend = 0.42; total energy, P-trend = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity as measured by BMI is not associated with the development of incident UC or CD. Alternative measures of obesity are required to further investigate the role of obesity in the development of incident IBD.

  • 47. Chan, SSM
    et al.
    Luben, R
    Olsen, A
    Tjonneland, A
    Kaaks, R
    Lindgren, S
    Grip, O
    Bergmann, MM
    Boeing, H
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Karling, Pontus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Overvad, K
    Veno, SK
    van Schaik, F
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, B
    Oldenburg, B
    Khaw, K-T
    Riboli, E
    Hart, AR
    Association between high dietary intake of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and reduced risk of Crohn's disease2014In: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0269-2813, E-ISSN 1365-2036, Vol. 39, no 8, p. 834-842Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background There are plausible mechanisms for how dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, could prevent Crohn's disease (CD).

    Aim To conduct a prospective study to investigate the association between increased intake of DHA and risk of CD.

    Methods Overall, 229702 participants were recruited from nine European centres between 1991 and 1998. At recruitment, dietary intakes of DHA and fatty acids were measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored through to June 2004 to identify participants who developed incident CD. In a nested case-control analysis, each case was matched with four controls; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for quintiles of DHA intake, adjusted for total energy intake, smoking, other dietary fatty acids, dietary vitamin D and body mass index.

    Results Seventy-three participants developed incident CD. All higher quintiles of DHA intake were inversely associated with development of CD; the highest quintile had the greatest effect size (OR=0.07; 95% CI=0.02-0.81). The OR trend across quintiles of DHA was 0.54 (95% CI=0.30-0.99, P-trend=0.04). Including BMI in the multivariate analysis, due to its correlation with dietary fat showed similar associations. There were no associations with the other dietary fatty acids studied.

    Conclusion There were inverse associations, with a biological gradient between increasing dietary docosahexaenoic acid intakes and incident Crohn's disease. Further studies in other populations should measure docosahexaenoic acid to determine if the association is consistent and the hypothesis tested in randomised controlled trials of purely docosahexaenoic acid supplementation.

  • 48. Chatziioannou, Aristotelis
    et al.
    Georgiadis, Panagiotis
    Hebels, Dennie G
    Liampa, Irene
    Valavanis, Ioannis
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Palli, Domenico
    Chadeau-Hyam, Marc
    Siskos, Alexandros P
    Keun, Hector
    Botsivali, Maria
    de Kok, Theo M C M
    Pérez, Almudena Espín
    Kleinjans, Jos C S
    Vineis, Paolo
    Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A
    Blood-based omic profiling supports female susceptibility to tobacco smoke-induced cardiovascular diseases2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, article id 42870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We recently reported that differential gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in blood leukocytes of apparently healthy smokers predicts with remarkable efficiency diseases and conditions known to be causally associated with smoking, suggesting that blood-based omic profiling of human populations may be useful for linking environmental exposures to potential health effects. Here we report on the sex-specific effects of tobacco smoking on transcriptomic and epigenetic features derived from genome-wide profiling in white blood cells, identifying 26 expression probes and 92 CpG sites, almost all of which are affected only in female smokers. Strikingly, these features relate to numerous genes with a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, especially thrombin signaling, including the thrombin receptors on platelets F2R (coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor; PAR1) and GP5 (glycoprotein 5), as well as HMOX1 (haem oxygenase 1) and BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1) which are involved in protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis, respectively. These results are in concordance with epidemiological evidence of higher female susceptibility to tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease and underline the potential of blood-based omic profiling in hazard and risk assessment.

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  • 49. Chen, Yan
    et al.
    Estampador, Angela C
    Keller, Maria
    Poveda, Alaitz
    Dalla-Riva, Jonathan
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
    Kurbasic, Azra
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
    Varga, Tibor V
    The combined effects of FADS gene variation and dietary fats in obesity-related traits in a population from the far north of Sweden: the GLACIER Study2019In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 808-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Recent analyses in Greenlandic Inuit identified six genetic polymorphisms (rs74771917, rs3168072, rs12577276, rs7115739, rs174602 and rs174570) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1-FADS2-FADS3) that are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric traits. Our objectives were to systematically assess whether dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake modifies the associations between genetic variants in the FADS gene cluster and cardiometabolic traits, and to functionally annotate top-ranking candidates to estimate their regulatory potential.

    METHODS: Data analyses consisted of the following: interaction analyses between the 6 candidate genetic variants and dietary PUFA intake; gene-centric joint analyses to detect interaction signals in the FADS region; haplotype-centric joint tests across 30 haplotype blocks in the FADS region to refine interaction signals; and functional annotation of top-ranking loci from the previous steps. These analyses were undertaken in Swedish adults from the GLACIER Study (N = 5,160); data on genetic variation and eight cardiometabolic traits were used.

    RESULTS: Interactions were observed between rs174570 and n-6 PUFA intake on fasting glucose (Pint = 0.005) and between rs174602 and n-3 PUFA intake on total cholesterol (Pint = 0.001). Gene-centric analyses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect for FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides (Pint = 0.005) considering genetic main effects as random. Haplotype analyses revealed three blocks (Pint < 0.011) that could drive the interaction between FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides; functional annotation of these regions showed that each block harbours a number of highly functional regulatory variants; FADS2 rs5792235 demonstrated the highest functionality score.

    CONCLUSIONS: The association between FADS variants and triglycerides may be modified by PUFA intake. The intronic FADS2 rs5792235 variant is a potential causal variant in the region, having the highest regulatory potential. However, our results suggest that multiple haplotypes may harbour functional variants in a region, rather than a single causal variant.

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  • 50. Christakoudi, Sofia
    et al.
    Kakourou, Artemisia
    Markozannes, Georgios
    Tzoulaki, Ioanna
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Brennan, Paul
    Gunter, Marc
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Madika, Anne-Laure
    Severi, Gianluca
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Bergmann, Manuela M.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Martimianaki, Georgia
    Thriskos, Paschalis
    Masala, Giovanna
    Sieri, Sabina
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Agudo, Antonio
    Redondo-Sánchez, Daniel
    Colorado-Yohar, Sandra M.
    Mokoroa, Olatz
    Melander, Olle
    Stocks, Tanja
    Häggström, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    van Gils, Carla H.
    Vermeulen, Roel C. H.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Tong, Tammy Y. N.
    Freisling, Heinz
    Johansson, Mattias
    Lennon, Hannah
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Riboli, Elio
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Blood pressure and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2020In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 146, no 10, p. 2680-2693Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several studies have reported associations of hypertension with cancer, but not all results were conclusive. We examined the association of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure with the development of incident cancer at all anatomical sites in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by EPIC-participating center and age at recruitment, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes and dietary (in women also reproductive) factors. The study included 307,318 men and women, with an average follow-up of 13.7 (standard deviation 4.4) years and 39,298 incident cancers. We confirmed the expected positive association with renal cell carcinoma: HR = 1.12 (1.08-1.17) per 10 mm Hg higher SBP and HR = 1.23 (1.14-1.32) for DBP. We additionally found positive associations for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): HR = 1.16 (1.07-1.26) (SBP), HR = 1.31 (1.13-1.51) (DBP), weaker for head and neck cancers: HR = 1.08 (1.04-1.12) (SBP), HR = 1.09 (1.01-1.17) (DBP) and, similarly, for skin SCC, colon cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer and uterine adenocarcinoma (AC), but not for esophageal AC, lung SCC, lung AC or uterine endometroid cancer. We observed weak inverse associations of SBP with cervical SCC: HR = 0.91 (0.82-1.00) and lymphomas: HR = 0.97 (0.93-1.00). There were no consistent associations with cancers in other locations. Our results are largely compatible with published studies and support weak associations of blood pressure with cancers in specific locations and morphologies.

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