Currently, the most common way to control an electric wheelchair is to use joystick. However, there are some individuals unable to operate joystick-driven electric wheelchairs due to sever physical disabilities, like quadriplegia patients. This paper proposes a novel head pose estimation method to assist such patients. Head motion parameters are employed to control and drive an electric wheelchair. We introduce a direct method for estimating user head motion, based on a sequence of range images captured by Kinect. In this work, we derive new version of the optical flow constraint equation for range images. We show how the new equation can be used to estimate head motion directly. Experimental results reveal that the proposed system works with high accuracy in real-time. We also show simulation results for navigating the electric wheelchair by recovering user head motion.

We are currently in a time where old routines and ways are being converted to more easily accessible, digital ways. You can perform your bank errands and interact with authorities through the Internet. While many of our societies functions already have undergone this transformation, our elections are still very manual. In our report we present what we think are the biggest obstacles to implementing a net voting system in Sweden, how to solve these issues and present a system which we feel would be a good start to designing The Ultimate Net Voting System. We touch upon areas like authenticating voters, protecting their right to anonymous voting in sending and storing votes and ways to protect against attacks against this system. In the end, we present an abstract level of a system design which could begin to fulfill all requirements to make net voting a feasible solution.

Climate change is one of the biggest issues that the world faces today, and one of the biggest contributors to climate change are groceries. This paper aims at using digital artefacts to create a product or design that will encourage the user to shop more environmentally friendly. To achieve this, I have tried to identify the major hindrances today that grocery shoppers are faced with through the user centered method Contextual Inquiry.  I have then presented the results from the inquiry to students at KTH Royal Institute of Technology during workshops. During these workshops, the students have conceptualized ideas and designs for different solutions. Based on their results, I have created a prototype design that I call the SmartCart. This cart consists of a regular shopping cart with a screen similar to an iPad attached to the handlebars. This screen then delivers easily apprehensible information about different grocery products environmental impact in real time. The design has not been tested in a live environment, but initial testing indicates that a live application could give satisfying results in lowering the sales of grocery products with a high environmental impact, while the design also could simultaneously improve the shopping experience for the customers in the grocery store.

Swedish municipalities' websites contain vast amounts of information that caters to a broad audience. For users to be able to access this information, it is important that the website is accessible, to everyone. 74 percent of people with disabilities states in a survey conducted by the Swedish Agency for Participation (2015a) that they use the internet to make contact with local municipalities, but simultaneously more than 1 out of 10 experiences difficulties associated with the use of computers and the Internet, according to Statistics Sweden (2014). The purpose of this study was to identify how Swedish municipalities are working to make their website available for people with disabilities. The study also examined what municipalities should do to make available their website and what difficulties are in the process of making a municipal website available.

In working with this survey people who have insights into the subject and seven community representatives were interviewed. To collect quantitative data a questionnaire survey answered by 208 of Sweden's 290 municipalities was conducted.

The study resulted in a survey of how Swedish municipalities work with web accessibility, a study of what actions the municipalities should take and also problematic factors in the process to become accessible. Today, many municipalities are investing in the development of new websites but there are four main factors that affect their work. These factors are lack of knowledge, lack of resources, organizational characteristics, such as unclear division of responsibility and decentralized organizations, and the lack of distinct requirements. The survey also shows that there are significant differences between the small and big municipalities regarding their accessibility initiative.

In this paper, a study on sonification of manual wheelchair movements is presented. The aim was to contribute to both rehabilitation contexts and in wheelchair sports contexts, by providing meaningful auditory feedback for training of manual wheelchair operation. A mapping approach was used where key parameters of manual wheelchair maneuvering were directly mapped to different sound models. The system was evaluated with a qualitative approach in experiments. The results indicate that there is promise in utilizing sonification for training of manual wheelchair operation but that the approach of direct sonification, as opposed to sonification of the deviation from a predefined goal, was not fully successful. Participants reported that there was a clear connection between their wheelchair operation and the auditory feedback, which indicates the possibility of using the system in some, but not all, wheelchair training contexts.

How can we design experiences that explore ideas and notions of the unknown? The aim of the work outlined here is to create short, intense, workshop-like experiences that generate strong commitments, and expose underlying personal desires as drivers for new ideas. I would like to propose a material practice, which uses open-ended making to engage in the imagination of new things. Informed by a concern or a longing, this exploration employs familiar yet mundane materials - such as candy and cardboard - through which several planes collide: the possible, the unknown, the feared and the desired. The process is aimed at allowing a broad range of knowledge to materialise - through ways that are less normative, and less constrained by commercial and technological concerns, and to emerge instead as far-fetched ideas that offer a kind of knowledge, which belongs to no one. The format has evolved over time, from relatively elaborate workshops for technology prototyping, towards the point where they are now focussed on the making of work that is about technology, rather than of technology.

Healthcare practices are changing as focus shifts fromtreating acute illnesses to chronic diseases. Theresponsibility of managing the treatment has shifted fromhealthcare providers to the individual in a higher degree. Toachieve good treatment the patients need to be empoweredso that they understand their condition and can makeinformed choices throughout their self-care. A researchthrough design approach was used to investigate how todesign a personalized empowering application for heartfailure patients. Aside from information relating to thecondition, the themes of physical activity, dieting and socialconnectedness were identified as central to address for theempowerment of this group. Patients, partners andhealthcare providers contributed with different perspectivesthroughout the design process. As a result five personas,representing potential users, were developed. Based on thepersonas and knowledge of the domain, user scenarios incurrent- and preferred state were constructed in order toguide the design of the empowering application called ‘TheHeart Companion’. It is a tablet application catering to thedifferent needs of the personas that also addresses the threethemes relevant for empowerment. The purpose of theapplication is to facilitate better understanding, a feeling ofsafety and a more active empowered life for the patient.The application enables personalization of the content byproviding bookmarking and addresses empowerment ofphysical activity by enabling various guided exercisesessions, personalized feedback, the possibility of reflectionand construction of personalized exercise sessions.

The games industry is a growing market worldwide, and an increasing part of the population report that they

regularly take part in gaming. In the last few years it has become increasingly popular to implement some of

the elements which make games so engaging and addicting into other parts of life. This is what is known as

gamification.

Gamification has become something of a buzzword lately. Countless smartphone applications use it in order to

help the users keep their motivation up regarding for example physical exercise or the learning of a new

language. However, within Swedish school education, gamification has not yet been utilized to its full potential.

The purpose of this report is to investigate what the use of gamification within the Swedish school system is

currently like, if it is field worthy of further investment and what is required to make its usage more wide

spread. We have chosen to focus primarily on education in grades 7 to 9. To do this we contacted teachers who

educate on this level and performed interviews with them. We have also carried out a literary analysis on

related topics and applied information gathered to the answers provided by the teachers.

Our results show that the current use of gamification in Swedish schools is very limited. Research made on the

topic as well as observations of how gamification has been applied in other areas imply that there is great

potential to increase motivation of students by using gamification properly. However, there are many obstacles

that have to be overcome before this can be a reality. Today, the initiative to use gamification lies almost solely

with the individual teachers, and the number of tools they have available to help them is limited. Our

perception is that for gamification to get increased usage within education, a larger effort is required by school-related organizations.

Målsättningen har varit att ta fram ny kunskap inom miljötillsynen och därigenom uppnå en effektivare miljötillsyn samt att få in nya vetenskapliga perspektiv på miljötillsyn.

I rapporten studeras metoder för inspektioner och det kommunikativa samspelet mellan inspektören och företrädare för den verksamhet som inspekteras, hur den institutionella ramen för inspektionsprocessen fungerar samt visar på möjligheter att mäta effekterna av inspektioner och tillsyn.

Naturvårdsverket kommer att ha resultatet som ett kunskapsunderlag i fortsatt arbete med tillsynsvägledning och utveckling av hur tillsyn och tillsynsvägledning kan följas upp och utvärderas.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze learning taking place in a collaborative design exercise involving engineering students. The students perform a time-constrained, open-ended, complex interaction design task, an “interactionary”. A multimodal learning perspective is used. We have performed detailed analyses of video recordings of the engineering students, including classifying aspects of interaction. Our results show that the engineering students carry out and articulate their design work using a technology-centred approach and focus more on the function of their designs than on aspects of interaction. The engineering students mainly make use of ephemeral communication strategies (gestures and speech) rather than sketching in physical materials. We conclude that the interactionary may be an educational format that can help engineering students learn the messiness of design work. We further identify several constraints to the engineering students’ design learning and propose useful interventions that a teacher could make during an interactionary. We especially emphasize interventions that help engineering students retain aspects of human-centered design throughout the design process. This study partially replicates a previous study which involved interaction design students.

How do engineering students embrace interaction design? We presented two groups of chemical engineering students with an interaction design brief with the task of producing a concept prototype of an interactive artefact. Through interaction analysis of video material we analyse how the students gesture and use concepts adhering to interaction. The students frequently use gestures to enhance idea-generation. Sketches are used sparsely and other design materials were almost not used at all.

Interaction design is about designing interaction. But how do first year students of interaction design understand and use concepts of interaction in their design processes? By interaction analysis of video material we analyse how students used concepts adhering to interaction. The aspect most frequently used was interactivity. Interaction was mainly handled by using spoken language. While working with physical materials, talk about interaction decreased

The purpose of this report is to describe models for operational training of military personnel and frameworks, methodologies, and tools that support the analysis, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of such training. The primary example used is simulator-based training and exercises, and in particular the operations at FOI/FLSC (Swedish Defence Research Agency/Swedish Air Force Combat Simulation Centre). The report also includes specific recommendations on how frameworks, methodologies, and data from assessment tools can be used by an organization for effective training, and suggests a number of research and development activities that strive towards a learning organization. 

Our Gardens of Justice special themed issue of the Australian Feminist Law Journal grew out of the 2012 Critical Legal Conference in Stockholm and its theme of Gardens of Justice, a conference organised  by Matilda  Arvidsson, Merima  Bruncevic, Leila Brannstrom and Leif Dahlberg. We issued a Call for Papers early in 2013 in which several conference theme questions were repeated. We called for papers devoted to thinking about law and justice as a physical as well as a social environment. The theme suggested a plurality of justice gardens that may function together but at times also may be at odds with each other. We invited authors to think freely and critically about both the concrete and the metaphorical garden, and invited articles that addressed questions of law and justice as spatial  and spatializing structures, as social topography and geography, as political cartography on a global scale, as places where symbolic orders and disorders become visible and may  be acted out, as mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, as masculine and feminine and as social utopia. Later in 2013 we re-issued the Call for Papers emphasizing the metaphorical and the juridical linking of gardens and justice: Gardens and Justice have  been joined as figurae, genres and topoi in the classical writings of Virgil, in the Old Testament text of Genesis and the Garden of Eden, in Milton's epic of Paradise Lost, in Blackstone in Commentaries on the Laws of England, and not the last, in Neil Young's lyrics 'After the Garden', in his 2006 album Living with War. These and numerous other texts are peopled by figures who live at home, and others who depart from home. Together, and apart, they invite us to continue their genre of living and writing in a world of imperfection, suffering and violence, while  maintaining  other possibilities and other beginnings. The AFLJ invited articles which investigated the use of garden narratives, whether in jurisprudential writings, in film, in literary works, in political theory, or postcolonial theory, amongst other disciplinary conventions and media. Amongst the numerous questions which could be pursued, we posed the following: How do garden narratives and their figures structure an understanding of Justice, and for what purposes have  gardens and  justice been linked in national and international law? Are gardens our images of utopia, heaven, peace, or simply a homecoming from the deserts of life? Do gardens help us understand nations and territory? Are gardens ever secular? Are there historic forms of governance encoded in garden narratives?  In what ways  do Justice narratives in the 21st century understand  the figure who leaves the garden  as  having  a persona as stranger, serf, refugee or simply human, or not-human?

För att lyckas med IT projekt är det av stor vikt att kommunikationen inom den multidisciplinära projektgruppen är väl fungerande. Inte bara för att man ska kunna behålla en gemensam målbild inom gruppen, utan även för att man ska förstå de olika disciplinernas problem och arbetsmetoder.

Den här rapporten behandlar två olika aspekter kring användningen av videomaterial från kvalitativa användarcentrerade användbarhetsmetoder som ett kommunikationsverktyg inom en projektgrupp. En av aspekterna är hur videomaterialet kan användas för att förmedla det användarcentrerade designkonceptet. Den andra aspekten behandlar hur videomaterialet kan presenteras samt användas för att understödja tagna designbeslut angående systemet och dess gränssnittsdesign. Rapporten presenterar två typer av media som kan användas för att förmedla de två ovannämnda aspekterna genom att kombinera material från de kvalitativa studierna, videomaterial och kravspecifikationer. De problemfrågeställningar och överväganden som bör beaktas behandlas även i rapporten.

En empirisk studie har utförts i form av en jämförelse av två mjukvaror ur ett användbarhetsperspektiv. Studien inkluderade att tillämpa användbarhetsmetoder för att skapa realistiska och typiska arbetsuppgifter till användbarhetstesterna. Videomaterial från de kvalitativa studierna användes sedan under presentationen av resultatet från jämförelsestudien för att ge substans åt resultatet samt förmedla det användarcentrerade designkonceptet. Resultatet av presentationen och det frågeformulär som skickades ut i samband med presentationen visar på att videomaterialet gav understöd och stärkte validiteten för resultaten i samband med jämförelsestudien. Det visar även på att det bidrog till en disskusion kring användbarhet inom projektgruppen samt att det i ett par fall förmedlade och introducerade de användarcentrerade arbetsmetoderna.

Children's outdoor play is fluent and fluctuating, shaped by environmental features and conditions. The article reports on a project where interaction designers and landscape architects work together to develop solutions for integrating interactive play in outdoor environments. Here we report on a schoolyard trial, where interactive play technology was installed as an integral part of the schoolyard environment, and discuss the interplay between technology and the environment. We highlight in particular how the interactive technology contributed to the versatility of play activities, but also how the nature setting and the availability of natural materials contributed to the play activities around the interactive artefacts. 

Children's outdoor play is fluent and fluctuating, shaped by environmental features and conditions. The article reports on a project where interaction designers and landscape architects work together to fuse their knowledge into working solutions for integrating interactive play in outdoor environments. We report on a schoolyard trial, where interactive play technology was installed as an integral part of a schoolyard environment, and discuss the interplay between technology and the environment that was partly natural forest and partly constructed playground. We highlight in particular the importance of the adaptability of the natural environment, how the combination of interactive technology and natural environment can contribute to the versatility of play activities, and how the interactive technology can both be useful for presenting invitations to play in such adaptable places, and enhance the adaptability for play in otherwise impoverished places.

There is an increasing interest in the intersection of human-computer interaction and public policy. This day-long workshop will examine successes and challenges related to public policy and human computer interaction, in order to provide a forum to create a baseline of examples and to start the process of writing a white paper on the topic.

In this paper we propose an automatic system for transcribing makam music of Turkey. We document the specific traits of this music that deviate from properties that were targeted by transcription tools so far and we compile a dataset of makam recordings along with aligned microtonal ground-truth. An existing multi-pitch detection algorithm is adapted for transcribing music in 20 cent resolution, and the final transcription is centered around the tonic frequency of the recording. Evaluation metrics for transcribing microtonal music are utilized and results show that transcription of Turkish makam music in e.g. an interactive transcription software is feasible using the current state-of-the-art.

In this paper we evaluate the impact of including knowledge about scale material into a system for the transcription of Turkish makam music. To this end, we extend our previously presented appoach by a refinement iteration that gives preference to note values present in the scale of the mode (i.e. makam). The information about the scalar material is provided in form of pitch class profiles, and they are imposed in form of a Dirichlet prior to our expanded probabilistic latent component analysis (PLCA) transcription system. While the inclusion of such a prior was supposed to focus the transcription system on musically meaningful areas, the obtained results are significantly improved only for recordings of certain instruments. In our discussion we demonstrate the quality of the obtained transcriptions, and discuss the difficulties caused for evaluation in the context of microtonal music.

In this paper, a novel method for onset detection of music signals using auditory spectra is proposed. The auditory spectrogram provides a time-frequency representation that employs a sound processing model resembling the human auditory system. Recent work on onset detection employs DFT-based features, such as the spectral flux and group delay function. The spectral flux and group delay are introduced in the auditory framework and an onset detection algorithm is proposed. Experiments are conducted on a dataset covering 11pitched instrument types, consisting of 1829 onsets in total. Results indicate the superiority of the auditory representations over the DFT-based ones, with the auditory spectral flux exhibiting an onset detection improvement by 2% in terms of F-measure when compared to the DFT-based feature.

Virtual Reality has once again emerged as a platform with great potential for exploratory research. An expectation for the next generation virtual reality platforms is to be used as a tool for graphical designers as a new way to access the virtual world and interact with digital content. Just as mobile applications are developed for smaller screens with touch capabilities and desktop applications for computer screens with the input of mouse and keyboard, the interfaces of VR applications need to be designed with the capabilities and limitations of the platform in mind.

A common component in modern graphic editing software is layer management: having the final output of the application divided into sub-components. This thesis explores how layer management can best be implemented in room-scale Virtual Reality with a focus on selection, navigation and manipulation through an iterative design study.

The study concludes that, to improve the learnability of a system, interactions should be based on real-world interaction for naturalistic tasks while drawing inspiration from desktop applications for more abstract tasks. Furthermore, the environment needs to be adjusted to the systems designated tasks as well as the physical characteristics of the user. Lastly, as previous studies have suggested, amplifying the movement of manipulated objects in relation to the movement of the controller decreases the required movement of the user, reducing fatigue and increasing the user’s reach. However, this amplification was perceived as a reduction in precision, which some users valued more than movement reduction. Therefore, the amplification factor should be adjusted in relation to the operation’s precision requirements.

While directly applicable to layer management in VR, these findings could serve as guidelines for applications utilizing 2D content in a virtual environment, room-scale VR applications designed to perform abstract tasks, and productivity tools for Virtual Reality. 

Motivation är en av de viktigaste drivkrafterna bakom människors handlingar. Hur en student klarar sina studier beror till stor del på graden av motivation, men också på graden av demotivation. Vi har i den här studien valt att utforska upplevda källor till studenters motivation och demotivation i ingenjörskurser. Dessa har kodats och kategoriserats i termer av kontext, struktur och lärare, och resultatet har jämförts med en liknande omfattande undersökning från USA. Resultaten visar att frågor rörande kurs ens struktur i högre grad anges som viktiga både för motivation och demotivation för våra studentgrupper, jämfört med den andra undersökningen. Vidare förekommer synpunkter kring lärarens förmåga att förklara och lärarens attityd till studenterna i betydligt högre omfattning än lärarens ämneskompetens i sig, vilket kan ses som stöd för att pedagogisk och didaktisk skicklighet bör vara starkt meriterande för undervisande personal. En slutsats är att lärare har mycket stora möjligheter att påverka studenternas motivation både positivt och negativt, och att det är av stor vikt att lärare är både medvetna om, och har verktyg för att hantera, detta.

Pedagogical projects have often, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as well as elsewhere, been initiated and managed by individual enthusiasts rather than dedicated teams. This generally decreases the possibility of successful implementation of more ambitious ideas, e.g., changing educational programs, implementing the CDIO syllabus, or strengthening the pedagogical development of larger parts of the faculty. To enable wider and more effective change, KTH top management therefore launched a universityencompassing three-year project in 2014, in which a group of highly motivated teachers from all schools at KTH were appointed part-time pedagogical developers (PDs). The PDs were given the task of promoting pedagogical development and facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among faculty members, as described in two previous papers at CDIO conferences. From 2017, the outcomes of this project are supposed to be integrated parts of the KTH line organization. The project has led to numerous actions, which would have been difficult to set in motion unless given the freedom in time to explore and to develop into a collective effort rather than a myriad of individual “stand-alone” examples. By addressing key areas for pedagogical development, our group of dedicated faculty have tried to surpass the suboptimal "lock-in" of strict individual reasoning and to deal with surfaced questions and relevant issues in a broader collective manner. A major insight confirmed by the project and its many sub-projects has indeed been the fundamental importance of collegial discussions and the creation of processes that facilitate and support teacher cooperation. We have also, through discussions with faculty at KTH, confirmed the need for clearly defined, tangible incentives for teachers, motivating them to participate in pedagogical development activities, even if this means less time left for the traditional pathway to rewards within academia, i.e. research. In this paper, we chart changes that have occurred in the educational practices at KTH by describing and discussing the project’s focus on pedagogical development of faculty, actual execution of changes in the engineering educations, lessons learned along the way, and visions yet to be realised.

This paper presents a systematic, university--wide approach to creating an encompassing movement towards faculty development. In 2014, KTH Royal Institute of Technology launched the pedagogical developers initiative, appointing part--time pedagogical developers among teachers from all schools of KTH, to implement and strengthen good teaching and learning practices among faculty and students. They are teachers active in different educational programmes, with experience of, and interest in, pedagogical issues. In line with CDIO standard 10, the purpose of the pedagogical developers’ initiative is to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange between faculty members, and to establish communities of practice. The paper presents the activities, processes for developing these activities and preliminary results from the initiative’s second year, which focused much on supporting faculty development by putting into place a series of workshops, a format chosen for its combination of active community-building learning and time efficiency. The topics of the workshops emerged to meet faculty needs identified by the pedagogical developers during the first year. The workshops were created by smaller teams of pedagogical developers from different schools of KTH. This enabled a wide array of experiences and perspectives to be incorporated into the workshops. Main focuses of the workshops have been on creating internal discussions in dynamic communities of practice on specific subjects of interest, and on creating forums for exchange of ideas, open to the whole faculty. During Autumn 2015, the workshops have been offered as voluntary add-on parts of the basic course in teaching and learning offered to faculty at KTH. This first round of workshops generated a positive interest from teachers, and participant feedback indicates that they particularly appreciated the opportunity to work directly with their own courses and the opportunity to discuss pedagogical aspects with peers. 

This paper put emphasis on change agents within the universities and how local initiatives can be systematically approached and ramped up. Rooted in the challenges and constraints that have been addressed in past educational program initiatives, the case consists of specific focus areas to leverage impact. Universities continuously strives to provide the best conditions for an inspiring and prosperous learning environment, and to provide educational programs with teaching of excellent educational quality. KTH is no exception and therefore the university management has initiated a pedagogical program starting in 2014. One of the first thing initiated within the framework of this pedagogical program is the creation of a group of 24 pedagogical developers.

The focus for the pedagogical developers is to facilitate the opportunities for KTHs faculty to work together and create consensus on educational development in different teaching teams. This paper presents the University's pedagogical developers' initiative as a whole and how this has been outlined in detail to reach specific redesign targets. The School of Industrial Engineering and Management pedagogical group consists of five practicing teachers that besides this new role also engage heavily in various courses of the School's departments. Since the pedagogical initiative is aligned with several important CDIO aspects, e.g. the learning environment, formats of formative feedback, assessment and examination there is also importance to reassure this in the existing Master level programs.

At KTH the five-year comprehensive Master of Science in Engineering programs concern distinct vocational educations in which the CDIO aspects are very important. At the same time the programs has been divided in a basic level (B.Sc. in Engineering) of three years and a advanced level (M.Sc.) of two years. This has for instance made it harder to align the progression between first cycle level and second cycle level regarding for instance the CDIO efforts (e.g. oral and written communication, teamwork). This paper will therefore discuss and enhance how the pedagogical programme, we as pedagogical developers, can support and strengthen the initiation and implementation of the CDIO aspects in the education.

We present a case in which an existing tangible system and its core design values has been used to create a new variation with available standard technology exactly one decade later. We reflect on how the new technological setup fundamentally changed the interaction in terms of electronic media and behavior, as well as regarding perception, physical manipulation, and overall social activity. The new design is discussed in terms of transformations of practice, which shifted our conceptual understanding of the interaction from the metaphor of making a patchwork to that of an appliqué.

We describe an experiment that explores the contribution of auditory and other features to the illusion of plausibility in a virtual environment that depicts the performance of a string quartet. 'Plausibility' refers to the component of presence that is the illusion that the perceived events in the virtual environment are really happening. The features studied were: Gaze (the musicians ignored the participant, the musicians sometimes looked towards and followed the participant's movements), Sound Spatialization (Mono, Stereo, Spatial), Auralization (no sound reflections, reflections corresponding to a room larger than the one perceived, reflections that exactly matched the virtual room), and Environment (no sound from outside of the room, birdsong and wind corresponding to the outside scene). We adopted the methodology based on color matching theory, where 20 participants were first able to assess their feeling of plausibility in the environment with each of the four features at their highest setting. Then five times participants started from a low setting on all features and were able to make transitions from one system configuration to another until they matched their original feeling of plausibility. From these transitions a Markov transition matrix was constructed, and also probabilities of a match conditional on feature configuration. The results show that Environment and Gaze were individually the most important factors influencing the level of plausibility. The highest probability transitions were to improve Environment and Gaze, and then Auralization and Spatialization. We present this work as both a contribution to the methodology of assessing presence without questionnaires, and showing how various aspects of a musical performance can influence plausibility.

How diverse are the ways that programming is done? While a variety of accounts exist, each appears in isolation, neither framed in terms of a distinct practice, nor as one of many such practices. In this work we explore accounts spanning software engineering, bricolage/tinkering, sketching, live coding, code-bending, and hacking. These practices of programming are analyzed in relation to ongoing research, and in particular HCI's 'practice turn', offering connections to accounts of practice in other contexts than programming. The conceptualization of practice helps to interpret recent interest in program code as craft material, and also offers potential to inform programming education, tools and work as well as future research.

In immersive virtual reality (IVR) it is possible to replace a person's real body by a life-sized virtual body that is seen from first person perspective to visually substitute their own. Multisensory feedback from the virtual to the real body (such as the correspondence of touch and also movement) can also be present. Under these conditions participants typically experience a subjective body ownership illusion (BOI) over the virtual body, even though they know that it is not their real one. In most studies and applications the posture of the real and virtual bodies are as similar as possible. Here we were interested in whether the BOI is diminished when there are gross discrepancies between the real and virtual body postures. We also explored whether a comfortable or uncomfortable virtual body posture would induce feelings and physiological responses commensurate with the posture. We carried out an experiment with 31 participants in IVR realized with a wide field-of-view head-mounted display. All participants were comfortably seated. Sixteen of them were embodied in a virtual body designed to be in a comfortable posture, and the remainder in an uncomfortable posture. The results suggest that the uncomfortable body posture led to lesser subjective BOI than the comfortable one, but that participants in the uncomfortable posture experienced greater awareness of their autonomic physiological responses. Moreover their heart rate, heart rate variability, and the number of mistakes in a cognitive task were associated with the strength of their BOI in the uncomfortable posture: greater heart rate, lower heart rate variability and more mistakes were associated with higher levels of the BOI. These findings point in a consistent direction-that the BOI over a body that is in an uncomfortable posture can lead to subjective, physiological and cognitive effects consistent with discomfort that do not occur with the BOI over a body in a comfortable posture.

Att låta studenter kontinuerligt ge feedback på varandras framväxande uppsatstexter är bra ur flera synvinklar. Studenterna blir insatta i andra problemområden och metodologiska angreppssätt än det egna, förståelsen för kvalitetskriterier ökar och vetskapen om att andra studenter kommer läsa ens egen text ökar ambitionsnivån. På civilingenjörsprogrammet i medieteknik vid KTH har vi använt ett socialt annoteringssystem, Google docs, för att stödja grupphandledning av kandidatuppsatser. Kombinationen av grupphandledning och användning av ett socialt annoteringssystem har visat sig vara mycket lyckosam. Kandidatuppsatskursen som gavs under 2012 kännetecknas av hög ambitionsnivå, hög kvalitet på de färdiga uppsatserna, mycket hög genomströmning och nöjda studenter.

Students today often feel that they have too much to do and too little time. A common strategy to remedy this is to take advantage of opportunities to use “inter-time”, the time between other activities such as waiting or traveling. The aim of this thesis is to explore how studying using mobile devices in higher education can be designed for such opportunities. I choose to call this Opportunistic Mobile Studying (OMS).

Using a design-based research approach this thesis discusses and proposes both scientific and practical contributions. A number of iterations of OMS have been designed, instantiated and tested in university courses and then evaluated using mixed methods.

The first research question is how can OMS be designed to support students in adopting the behavior of studying at opportune moments. The results have been framed and interpreted using the Fogg Behavior Model, where behavior is the product of motivation, simplicity, and triggers. The results suggest that a key factor for motivation is procrastination, and therefore deadlines can be used to predict and suggest what students would likely be interested in studying during OMS moments. Simplicity is increased if OMS is adapted for studying in short fragmented moments, where important aspects are that content should be short, easy to access and easy to navigate. Trigger reminders were particularly appreciated and should be triggered based on time and place. Commuting is identified as a good context to build a routine of studying using OMS.

The second research question is how can OMS activities and content be designed to support efficient studying in OMS situations. Study- activities identified as especially suitable for OMS situations are those that focus on preparation and repetition. These activities can enhance other learning activities and efficient studying can be accomplished even if only a little time is available. Examples of successful methods for this tested in this thesis include advance organizers and flashcards. Longer and more comprehensive studying material can be used if quick and easy navigation within the material is provided, for example, by using synchronized narrated slides such as enhanced podcasts. 

Prokrastinering, eller att mot bättre vetande skjuta upp aktiviteter, är ett mycket vanligt problem som är särskilt vanligt inom akademiska studier. Gjorda studier visar att mellan 80-95% av studenterna prokrastinerar, att 50% prokrastinerar regelbundet och också ser det som ett stort problem, och att det inte är ovanligt att en tredjedel av den avsatta studietiden i praktiken ägnas åt prokrastinering. Vi har angripit problemet genom att införa en kursmodul som under läsåret 2011-2012 lästes av 230 studenter på programmet och där vi diskuterade fenomenet samt gick igenom strategier för att undvika prokrastinering. Denna presentation tar upp modulens uppbyggnad och en utvärdering av resultaten.

Prokrastinering, eller att mot bättre vetande skjuta upp något, är ett stort problem i samhället i allmänhet och för studenter i synnerhet. I denna artikel beskriver vi en utbildningsmodul om prokrastinering som vi introducerat på två civilingenjörsprogram på KTH, varav denna rapport behandlar datateknikprogrammet där 466 studenter deltog. Utvärderingen hade 100% svarsfrekvens, och visar att 95% av studenterna hade problem med prokrastinering varav 43% hade stora eller mycket stora problem. 88% ansåg att prokrastinering var ett bra tema att ha med i utbildningen, och 57% ansåg att momentet haft positiva effekter på deras studievanor. Endast 7% ansåg att momentet inte hade gett några märkbara effekter på studierna. Då modulen endast kräver ca 8 timmars arbete från studenternas sida anser vi att fördelarna är så stora att denna eller en liknande modul borde ingå i samtliga utbildningsprogram.

In this paper we analyze interviews from four technology-intensive companies, focused on service and service development. All companies have during the last two decades introduced interaction design units, and the corporations were selected due to their interest in also expanding the service share of their business. This service shift has been a top-down initiative. However in only two companies, the initiatives have led to the establishment of enterprise wide service development processes, and in the other two companies, the service development is more ad hoc. It is argued that even if interaction design has close theoretical relation to service design such combination has so far been limited. We discuss the shift from product to service view of the offerings within these companies, and relate this to user-centered perspectives. We argue there is a window of opportunity within technology-intensive and engineering focused industries to include user-centered design when formalizing service development.

The process of trying to understand users' perspectives and their mental model is inherently challenging, as anyone who has been involved in conducting field studies and interviewing users can attest to. At the heart of this process is the need to create trust between the interviewer and the interviewee in order to build bonds which facilitate richer information exchange. Building apprenticeship relations is one approach which sees the interviewee as teacher and the interviewer as student/apprentice. However establishing these relations, particularity within a short time frame and within an industrial domain, can be difficult. This paper therefore addresses some of the challenges associated with building these relationships and how researchers can strengthen their connection with the users they interact with.