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  • 1.
    Adekunle, K.
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Cho, S.-W.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Ketzscher, R.
    Skrifvars, M.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Mechanical properties of natural fiber hybrid composites based on renewable thermoset resins derived from soybean oil, for use in technical applications2012Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 124, nr 6, s. 4530-4541Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural fiber composites are known to have lower mechanical properties than glass or carbon fiber reinforced composites. The hybrid natural fiber composites prepared in this study have relatively good mechanical properties. Different combinations of woven and non-woven flax fibers were used. The stacking sequence of the fibers was in different orientations, such as 0°, +45°, and 90°. The composites manufactured had good mechanical properties. A tensile strength of about 119 MPa and Young's modulus of about 14 GPa was achieved, with flexural strength and modulus of about 201 MPa and 24 GPa, respectively. For the purposes of comparison, composites were made with a combination of woven fabrics and glass fibers. One ply of a glass fiber mat was sandwiched in the mid-plane and this increased the tensile strength considerably to 168 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed in order to determine the storage and loss modulus and the glass transition temperature of the composites. Microstructural analysis was done with scanning electron microscopy.

  • 2.
    Adekunle, Kayode
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Patzelt, Christian
    Kalantar, Adib
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Soybean Oil Thermoset Reinforced with Jute Fabrics and Carded Lyocell Fiber2011Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 122, nr 5, s. 2855-2863Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Composites and hybrid composites were manufactured from renewable materials based on jute fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers (Lyocell), and thermosetting polymer from soybean oil. Three different types of jute fabrics with biaxial weave architecture but different surface weights, and carded Lyocell fiber were used as reinforcements. Hybrid composites were also manufactured by combining the jute reinforcements with the Lyocell. The Lyocell composite was found to have better mechanical properties than other composites. It has tensile strength and modulus of about 144 MPa and 18 GPa, respectively. The jute composites also have relatively good mechanical properties, as their tensile strengths and moduli were found to be between 65 and 84 MPa, and between 14 and 19 GPa, respectively. The Lyocell-reinforced composite showed the highest flexural strength and modulus, of about 217 MPa and 13 GPa, respectively. In all cases, the hybrid composites in this study showed improved mechanical properties but lower storage modulus. The Lyocell fiber gave the highest impact strength of about 35 kJ/m2, which could be a result of its morphology. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the Lyocell reinforced composite has the best viscoelastic properties.

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  • 3.
    Adekunle, Kayode
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Åkesson, Dan
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Biobased Composites Prepared by Compression Molding with a Novel Thermoset Resin from Soybean Oil and a Natural-Fiber Reinforcement2010Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 116, nr 3, s. 1759-1765Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Biobased composites were manufactured with a compression-molding technique. Novel thermoset resins from soybean oil were used as a matrix, and flax fibers were used as reinforcements. The air-laid fibers were stacked randomly, the woven fabrics were stacked crosswise (0/90 ), and impregnation was performed manually. The fiber/resin ratio was 60 : 40. The prepared biobased composites were characterized by impact and flexural testing. Scanning electron microscopy of knife-cut cross sections of the specimens was also done to investigate the fiber–matrix interface. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composites was carried out to provide indications of thermal stability. Three resins from soybean oil [methacrylated soybean oil, methacrylic anhydride modified soybean oil (MMSO), and acetic anhydride modified soybean oil] were used as matrices. The impact strength of the composites with MMSO resin reinforced with air-laid flax fibers was 24 kJ/m2, whereas that of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven flax fabric was between 24 and 29 kJ/m2. The flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with air-laid flax fibers was between 83 and 118 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4 and 6 GPa, whereas the flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven fabric was between 90 and 110 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4.87 and 6.1 GPa.

  • 4.
    Adekunle, Kayode
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Åkesson, Dan
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Synthesis of reactive soybean oils for use as a biobased thermoset resins in structural natural fiber composites2009Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 115, nr 6, s. 3137-3145Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Biobased thermosets resins were synthesized by functionalizing the triglycerides of epoxidized soybean oil with methacrylic acid, acetyl anhydride, and methacrylic anhydride. The obtained resins were characterized with FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy to confirm the functionalization reactions and the extent of epoxy conversion. The viscosities of the methacrylated soybean oil resins were also measured for the purpose of being used as a matrix in composite applications. The cross-linking capability was estimated by UV and thermally initiated curing experiments, and by DSC analysis regarding the degree of crosslinking. The modifications were successful because up to 97% conversion of epoxy group were achieved leaving only 2.2% of unreacted epoxy groups, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR. The 13C-NMR confirms the ratio of acetate to methacrylate methyl group to be 1 : 1. The viscosities of the methacrylated soybean oil (MSO) and methacrylic anhydride modified soybean oil (MMSO) were 0.2 and 0.48 Pas, respectively, which indicates that they can be used in resin transfer molding process.

  • 5.
    Adhikari, Arindam
    et al.
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Radhakrishnan, S
    Dopant induced effect on electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene using conducting polypyrrole thin film electrodes2011Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 120, nr 2, s. 719-724Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Conducting polypyrrole electrodes were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on vacuum-metallized glass substrates. These electrodes were modified by doping with a range of metal halides as dopant ions having different electronegativity. Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene using these electrodes was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry technique in acetonitrile medium containing aqueous HClO4 (0.1M) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that the electronegativity of the dopant ion played a very important role in the electrocatalytic activity. Polypyrrole doped with nickel chloride gave the highest anodic current at the reduction potential of nitrobenzene. The results were explained on the basis of charge transfer efficiency at the electrode-electrolyte interface, which was associated with the acceptor state created by the dopant in the semi-conducting polymer.

  • 6.
    Ahlinder, Astrid
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Fuoco, Tiziana
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Morales-Lopez, Alvaro
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Yassin, Mohammed A.
    Univ Bergen, Fac Med, Dept Clin Dent, Bergen, Norway..
    Mustafa, Kamal
    Univ Bergen, Fac Med, Dept Clin Dent, Bergen, Norway..
    Finne Wistrand, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Nondegradative additive manufacturing of medical grade copolyesters of high molecular weight and with varied elastic response2020Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 137, nr 15, artikel-id 48550Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Although additive manufacturing through melt extrusion has become increasingly popular as a route to design scaffolds with complex geometries the technique if often limited by the reduction in molecular weight and the viscoelastic response when degradable aliphatic polyesters of high molecular weight are used. Here we use a melt extruder and fused filament fabrication printer to produce a reliable nondegradative route for scaffold fabrication of medical grade copolymers of L-lactide, poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-L-lactide), and poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate). We show that degradation is avoided using filament extrusion and fused filament fabrication if the process parameters are deliberately chosen based upon the rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and polymer composition. Structural, mechanical, and thermal properties were assessed throughout the process to obtain comprehension of the relationship between the rheological properties and the behavior of the medical grade copolymers in the extruder and printer. Scaffolds with a controlled architecture were achieved using high-molecular-weight polyesters exhibiting a large range in the elastic response causing negligible degradation of the polymers.

  • 7.
    Akesson, D.
    et al.
    University of Borås.
    Skrifvars, M.
    University of Borås.
    Walkenström, Pernilla
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea IVF AB.
    Preparation of thermoset composites from natural fibres and acrylate modified soybean oil resins2009Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 114, nr 4, s. 2502-2508Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Structural composites with a high content of renewable material were produced from natural fibres and an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil resin. Composites were prepared by spray impregnation followed by compression moulding at elevated temperature. The resulting composites had good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength. Tensile testing as well as dynamical mechanical thermal analysis showed that increasing the fibre content, increased the mechanical properties. The resin can be reinforced with up to 70 wt % fibre without sacrifice in processability. The tensile modulus ranged between 5.8 and 9.7 GPa depending on the type of fibre mat. The study of the adhesion by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy shows that the fibres are well impregnated in the matrix. The aging properties were finally evaluated. This study shows that composites with a very high content of renewable constituents can be produced from soy bean oil resins and natural fibres. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 8. Albertsson, A-C.
    et al.
    Barenstedt, C.
    Karlsson, S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Degradation of enhanced environmentally degradable polyethylene in biological aqueous media: mechanisms during the first stages1994Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 51, nr 6, s. 1097-1105Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 9.
    Albertsson, Ann-Christine
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    The three stages in the degradation of polymers- polyethylene as a model substance1988Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 35, s. 1289-1302Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 10. Albertsson, Ann-Christine
    et al.
    Renstad, Rasmus
    Erlandsson, Bengt
    Eldsäter, Carina
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Effect of processing additives on (bio)degradability of film-blown poly(ε-caprolactone)1998Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 70, nr 1, s. 61-74Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 11.
    Alin, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Hakkarainen, Minna
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Type of Polypropylene Material Significantly Influences the Migration of Antioxidants from Polymer Packaging to Food Simulants During Microwave Heating2010Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 118, nr 2, s. 1084-1093Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Three different polypropylene materials, polypropylene homopolymer (PP), propylene-ethylene random copolymer (PP-R), and propylene-ethylene copolymer (PP-C) are commonly used in plastic containers designed for microwave heating of food. Migration of antioxidants, Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, from PP. PP-R, and PP-C during microwave heating in contact with different food simulants was investigated by utilizing microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The polypropylene material significantly influenced the migration rate, which decreased in the order of increasing degree of crystallinity in the materials. PP homopolymer was the most migration resistant of the studied materials especially in contact with fatty food simulants. The use of isooctane as fatty food simulant resulted in rapid depletion of antioxidants, while migration to another fatty food simulant, 96% ethanol, was much more limited. Migration to aqueous and acidic food simulants was in most cases under the detection limits irrespective of microwaving time and temperature. The diffusion coefficients were similar to what have been found previously under similar conditions but without microwaves. The effect of swelling was shown by the large increase in the calculated diffusion coefficients when isooctane was used as food simulant instead of 96% ethanol. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. I Appl Polym Sci 118: 1084-1093,2010

  • 12.
    Al-Maqdasi, Zainab
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap.
    Pupure, Liva
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap. Riga Technical University, Institute of Construction and Reconstruction, Riga, Latvia.
    Gong, Guan
    RISE SICOMP AB, Composite materials and product development, Piteå, Sweden.
    Emami, Nazanin
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Maskinelement.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap.
    Time‐dependent properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced high‐density polyethylene2021Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 138, nr 30, artikel-id 50783Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The deformation of polymers at constant applied stress is one of their major drawbacks, limiting their use in advanced applications. The study of this property using classical techniques requires extensive testing over long periods of time. It is well known that reinforced polymers show improved behavior over time compared to their neat counterparts. In this study, the effect of adding different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the time‐dependent properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is investigated using short‐term creep tests and load/unload recovery tests. The results are discussed in terms of the test profile and the influence of loading history. Viscoplasticity/viscoelasticity analysis is performed using Zapas model and by comparing creep, creep compliance and pure viscoelasticity curves. The results show that the reinforcement of 15 wt% GNP have the most significant effect on the time‐dependent behavior, reducing the strain by more than 50%. The creep compliance curves show that nano‐reinforced HDPE behaves nonlinearly viscoelastically even at very low stresses. In addition to demonstrating the effect of nano‐reinforcement, the discussion of the results concludes that the influence of loading history can be quite significant and should not be neglected in the design and evaluation of material behavior.

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  • 13.
    Al-Maqdasi, Zainab
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Pupure, Liva
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; Riga Technical University, Latvia.
    Gong, Guan
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Polymera material och kompositer.
    Emami, Nazanin
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Time-dependent properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced high-density polyethylene2021Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 138, nr 30, artikel-id 50783Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The deformation of polymers at constant applied stress is one of their major drawbacks, limiting their use in advanced applications. The study of this property using classical techniques requires extensive testing over long periods of time. It is well known that reinforced polymers show improved behavior over time compared to their neat counterparts. In this study, the effect of adding different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the time-dependent properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is investigated using short-term creep tests and load/unload recovery tests. The results are discussed in terms of the test profile and the influence of loading history. Viscoplasticity/viscoelasticity analysis is performed using Zapas model and by comparing creep, creep compliance and pure viscoelasticity curves. The results show that the reinforcement of 15 wt% GNP have the most significant effect on the time-dependent behavior, reducing the strain by more than 50%. The creep compliance curves show that nano-reinforced HDPE behaves nonlinearly viscoelastically even at very low stresses. In addition to demonstrating the effect of nano-reinforcement, the discussion of the results concludes that the influence of loading history can be quite significant and should not be neglected in the design and evaluation of material behavior. © 2021 The Authors.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Thorbjörn
    et al.
    Tetra Pak, Sweden.
    Hallin Holmgren, Max
    Tetra Pak, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Tim
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Wesslen, Bengt O.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion.: IV. Off-flavor compounds in extruded films of stabilized LDPE2005Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 95, nr 3, s. 583-595Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was aimed at finding a correlation between the experienced off-flavor in packed foods and the presence of specific degradation products in LDPE pack-aging films. The possibility to trap degradation products by chemical reactions with scavengers, i.e., a zeolite additive or antioxidants, was investigated This would prevent degradation products from migrating to the polymer film surface and further into food in contact with the film. It was found that off-flavor noted in water packed in LDPE films depended on extrusion temperature and exposure time for the melt to oxygen, that is, the parameters that influence the contents of oxidation products that are able to migrate from the polymer film. It was also found that adsorption of oxidative degradation products in a zeolite additive or protection of LDPE by using antioxidants could prevent off-flavor in the packed product (water). However, the antioxidant should be selected with regard to extrusion temperature because thermal instability in the additive might jeopardize the intended effect. Multifunctional antioxidants seem to provide improved protection, the most effective one evaluated in this work being Irganox E201, i.e., vitamin E. Concentrations of oxidized degradation products are well correlated to the perceived off-flavor in the packed water. The highest correlation between off-flavor and oxidized components was found for ketones in the range of C 7 to C9 and aldehydes in the range of C6 to C9.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Thorbjörn
    et al.
    Tetra Pak, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Tim
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Wesslen, Bengt O.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion: III. Volatile compounds in extruded films creating off-flavor2005Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 95, nr 4, s. 847-858Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was aimed at finding a correlation between the experienced off-flavor in packaged foods and the presence of specific degradation products in PE packaging films. The possibility to trap degradation products by chemical reactions with scavengers, that is, zeolites and maleic anhydride grafted LLDPE, were investigated. This trapping would prevent the degradation products from migrating to the polymer film surface and further into food in contact with the film. This work concludes that off-flavor in water packed in LDPE-films depends on extrusion temperature and the content of oxidation products in the polymer film. At lower extrusion temperatures, reactive additives to the LDPE material could control the release of off-flavor giving compo nents. Adsorbents, such as zeolites, which are able to adsorb degradation products, are effective also at higher extrusion temperatures. The amount of oxidized degradation products in the films correlated well to the perceived off-flavor in the packed water. The presence of aldehydes and ketones have a clear impact on the off-flavor. The best correlation between off-flavor and oxidized components were found for C7-C9 ketones, and aldehydes in the range of C5 to C8.

  • 16.
    Arias, Veluska
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Höglund, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Odelius, Karin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Albertsson, Ann-Christine
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Polylactides with "green" plasticizers: Influence of isomer composition2013Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 130, nr 4, s. 2962-2970Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Synthesized polylactides (PLA) with different D-isomer contents in the polymer chain were melt-blended with a series of green plasticizers by extrusion. Mechanical and thermal properties as well as the morphology of the plasticized materials were characterized to demonstrate how the combination of PLA with different D-contents and plasticizer controls the material properties. After addition of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATC), the elongation at break for PLA with a low D-isomer content was twice as high as that for PLAs with high D-isomer contents. Similar variations in the plasticization effect on the PLAs were also observed with the other plasticizers used, glyceryl triacetate (GTA), glycerol trihexanoate (GTH) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In order to continue with the development of renewable polymers in packaging applications, the interrelation between a plasticizer and a specific polymer needs to be understood.

  • 17.
    Ayyachi, Thayanithi
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Pappalardo, D.
    Finne Wistrand, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Defining the role of linoleic acid in acrylic bone cement2022Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 139, nr 25, artikel-id e52409Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Polymethylmethacrylate is clinically used as a bone cement in various orthopedic and trauma surgeries. Post the surgery, such conventional acrylic bone cement has been reported to cause adjacent vertebral fractures; modifying it by adding linoleic acid in the formulation has shown potential in averting such fractures thanks to bone-compliant mechanical properties, besides providing convenient handling properties. Although the resulting properties are attractive, the understanding of how linoleic acid imparts such advantageous properties remain unclear. Linoleic acid is typically sterilized in an autoclave before being used in the bone cement formulation; however, there are apprehensions whether the sterilization causes degradation. In this research, sterilized and unsterilized linoleic acid were evaluated alone and with different components of bone cement, such as activator, initiator, monomer, and inhibitor, and the ensuing structural changes in linoleic acid were monitored through 1H NMR and UV–Vis. The results reveal that linoleic acid degrade due to sterilization. In addition, evidence for reactions of sterilized/unsterilized linoleic acid with activator and initiator have been collected. We hypothesize that these reactions can reduce the availability of the components for the in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer and cause the improvement in handling properties and decrease in mechanical properties. 

  • 18.
    Aziz, Shazed
    et al.
    University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
    Naficy, Sina
    The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    Foroughi, Javad
    University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
    Brown, Hugh R.
    University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
    Spinks, Geoffrey M.
    University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
    Thermomechanical effects in the torsional actuation of twisted nylon 6 fiber2017Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 134, nr 47, artikel-id 45529Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermally induced torsional and tensile actuators based on twisted polymeric fibers have opened new opportunities for the application of artificial muscles. These newly developed actuators show significant torsional deformations when subjected to temperature changes, and this torsional actuation is the defining mechanism for tensile actuation of twisted and coiled fibers. To date it has been found that these actuators require multiple heat/cool cycles (referred to as “training” cycles) prior to obtaining a fully reversible actuation response. Herein, the effect of annealing conditions applied to twisted nylon 6 monofilament is investigated and it is shown that annealing at 200 °C eliminates the need for the training cycles. Furthermore, the effect of an applied external torque on the torsional actuation is also investigated and torsional creep is shown to be affected by the temperature and load

  • 19.
    Babu, NB Karthik
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Energy Institute, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Sivasagar, India.
    Mensah, Rhoda Afriyie
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Byggkonstruktion och brand.
    Shanmugam, Vigneshwaran
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Byggkonstruktion och brand.
    Rashedi, Ahmad
    School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
    Athimoolam, Pugazhenthi
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering Dindigul, Dindigul, India.
    Aseer, J. Ronald
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, India.
    Das, Oisik
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Byggkonstruktion och brand.
    Self‐reinforced polymer composites: An opportunity to recycle plastic wastes and their future trends2022Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 139, nr 46, artikel-id e53143Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Polymers and their composites have played an important role in industrial development. Polymer composites are becoming much stronger and more competitive than other materials as a result of ongoing research and development. This was made possible by newly developed techniques that could alter the physical and chemical properties of constituents. One of them is the self-reinforcement technique, which allows for the fabrication of high-strength thermoplastic polymer composites with reserved degradability, which is not possible with glass fiber/carbon fiber reinforcement. A self-reinforced polymer composite is made of a single polymeric material, which serves as both the matrix and the reinforcement. This review article discusses the use of self-reinforcement in various polymers and its impact on mechanical, thermal, and fire properties. Furthermore, the effects of process parameters (such as temperature and time, an), reinforcement structure, and mechanical property variation on the structure of self-reinforced composites are reviewed and presented in detail. In addition, the effect of foreign filler addition (such as flame retardants, inorganic particles, natural fibers, etc.) on self-reinforced composites is highlighted. In the end, the need for future research and its scope is presented.

  • 20.
    Bachinger, Angelika
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Polymera material och kompositer.
    Sandinge, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Säkerhet och transport, Brand och Säkerhet.
    Lindqvist, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Polymera material och kompositer.
    Strid, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Polymera material och kompositer.
    Gong, Guan
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Polymera material och kompositer.
    Systematic evaluation of bromine-free flame-retardant systems in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene2022Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 139, nr 13, artikel-id 51861Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A systematic investigation of phosphorus-based flame-retardant (PFR) systems in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is presented. The effect of various PFRs, combinations thereof and influence of different synergists is studied in terms of fire and mechanical performance, as well as toxicity of resulting ABS. Sustainable flame-retardant systems with a promising effect on the fire-retardant properties of ABS are identified: A combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate is shown to exhibit superior flame-retardant properties in ABS compared to other studied PFRs and PFR combinations. Among a variety of studied potential synergists for this system, a grade of expandable graphite with a high-initiation temperature and a molybdenum-based smoke suppressant show the most promising effect, leading to a significant reduction of the peak heat release rate as well as the smoke production rate. Compared to current state-of-the-art brominated flame-retardant for ABS, the identified flame-retardant systems reduce the maximum smoke production rate by 70% and the peak heat release rate by 40%. However, a significant reduction of the impact performance of the resulting ABS is identified, which requires further investigation.

  • 21. Backman, A.C.
    et al.
    Lindberg, Henrik
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Interaction between wood and polyvinyl acetate glue studied with dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy2004Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 91, nr 5, s. 3009-3015Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The long-term properties of bonds are those that are of special interest. To achieve good bonds, the wood polymers and the adhering polymers must be compatible. This paper describes studies of the interaction of wood (Pinus sylvestris) with commercial polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) glue, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and a more hydrophilic acrylate. Interaction was studied with a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) operating in tensile mode in the tangential direction of wood. DMTA results were correlated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography studies of adhesion between polymers and wood on a cell wall level. The hypothesis put forward is that a good adhesion on the cell wall level results in a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) measured with DMTA. A decrease in Tg for the hydrophilic acrylate was shown when it was impregnated in wood. The decrease of Tg was correlated with good adhesion to wood on the cell wall level. For PVAc and PMMA no decrease in Tg was measured when glued or impregnated in wood. SEM study also showed that the adhesion on a cell wall level was poor. The results show that DMTA can be a useful technique to study adhesion between wood and glue on a molecular level.

  • 22.
    Backman, A.C.
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lindberg, K.A.H.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Interaction between wood and polyurethane-alkyd lacquer resulting in a decrease in the glass transition temperature2002Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 85, nr 2, s. 595-605Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The long-term properties of paint and glue are of great interest to both manufacturers and users of these materials. If a good bond is achieved, the surface between the wood and the paint or glue will be less susceptible to degradation. Thus, the wood and polymer must be compatible and develop some kind of bonding force between them. A high degree of interaction between wood and commercial polyurethane-alkyd lacquer was shown as a decrease by 10°C of the glass transition temperature (Tg) for the lacquer on wood compared to the pure lacquer. The lacquer also demonstrated good adhesion to wood at a microscale. The interaction was investigated with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy fractography. The reason for the decrease in Tg is probably because of the lacquer having a higher free volume when applied to the wood, most likely due to it being subjected to tensile forces developed during the drying of the lacquer. Results from investigations of wood impregnated with two different acrylates, a polymethylmethacrylate and a more hydrophilic acrylate, support the suggestion that a decrease in Tg will occur if the polymer adheres to wood, but that poor interaction with little or no adhesion will result in no decrease in Tg. This article also presents results of the dynamic mechanical behavior of Scots Pine in the tangential direction

  • 23.
    Badria, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Hutchinson, Daniel
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Sanz del Olmo, Natalia
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Malkoch, Michael
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Acrylate-free tough 3D printable thiol-ene thermosets and composites for biomedical applications2022Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 139, nr 43, artikel-id e53046Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Polymer thermosets and composites based on rigid trizaine-trione (TATO) alkene and thiol monomers show great promise as bone fixation materials and dental composites due to their ability to efficiently crosslink via thiol-ene coupling chemistry into stiff and strong materials. In order to broaden the scope of these materials, a TATO thermoset was optimized for sterolithography (SLA) 3D printing through the addition of either a diluent (PETMP) and photo-absorber (Sudan I), or the addition of a free radical inhibitor (pyrogallol). A 3D printable hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was also formulated by adding a combination of nano-HA and micro-HA particles, which were found to increase the thermal stability and modulus of the material, respectively. The modulus of the printed thermosets containing Sudan I and pyrogallol exceeded any previously published acrylate-free thiol-ene SLA resins, at 1.6 (0.1) and 1.85 (0.06) GPa, respectively. The printed HA composite formulation had a modulus of 2.4 (0.2) GPa. All three formulations showed a comparable resolution to a commercially available SLA resin and were non-toxic toward Raw 264.7 and human dermal fibroblast cells. These results demonstrate the potential of TATO based SLA resins for the construction of strong, fully-customizable, printed implants for biomedical applications.

  • 24.
    Bashir, Tariq
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Fast, Lars
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Persson, Nils-Krister
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan.
    Electrical Resistance Measurement Methods and Electrical Characterization of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- Coated Conductive Fibers2012Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 124, nr 4, s. 2954-2961Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Textile fibers and yarns of high conductivity, and their integration into wearable textiles for different electronic applications, have become an important research field for many research groups throughout the world. We have produced novel electrically conductive textile yarns by vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of a conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), on the surface of commercially available textile yarns (viscose). In this article, we have presented a novel setup for electrical resistance measurements, which can be used not only for fibrous structures but also for woven structures of specific dimensions. We have reported a two-point resistance- measuring method using an already manufactured setup and also a comparison with the conventionally used method (so-called crocodile clip method). We found that the electrical properties of PEDOT-coated viscose fibers strongly depend on the concentration of oxidant (FeCl3)and the doping (oxidation) process of PEDOT. To evaluate the results, we used mass specific resistance values of PEDOT-coated viscose yarns instead of normal surface resistance values. The voltage–current (V–I) characteristics support the ohmic behavior of coated fibers to some extent. Monitoring of the charging effect of the flow of current through conductive fibers for prolonged periods of time showed that conductivity remains constant. The change in electrical resistance values with increase in the length of coated fibers was also reported. The resistance measuring setup employed could also be used for continuous measurement of resistance in the production of conductive fibers, as well as for four-point resistance measurement.

  • 25.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Material och produktion, IVF. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Material och produktion, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Material och produktion, IVF.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Identifying breach mechanism during air-gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic-liquid solutions2019Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, artikel-id 47800Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To be able to produce highly oriented and strong fibers from polymer solutions, a high elongational rate during the fiber-forming process is necessary. In the air-gap spinning process, a high elongational rate is realized by employing a high draw ratio, the ratio between take-up and extrusion velocity. Air-gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic-liquid solutions renders fibers that are promising to use as carbon fiber precursors. To further improve their mechanical properties, the polymer orientation should be maximized. However, achieving high draw ratios is limited by spinning instabilities that occur at high elongational rates. The aim of this experimental study is to understand the link between solution properties and the critical draw ratio during air-gap spinning. A maximum critical draw ratio with respect to temperature is found. Two mechanisms that limit the critical draw ratio are proposed, cohesive breach and draw resonance, the latter identified from high-speed videos. The two mechanisms clearly correlate with different temperature regions. The results from this work are not only of value for future work within the studied system but also for the design of air-gap spinning processes in general.

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  • 26.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Kemi, biomaterial och textil. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Kemi, biomaterial och textil.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material och produktion, Kemi, biomaterial och textil.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    The challenge of predicting spinnability: Investigating benefits of adding lignin to cellulose solutions in air-gap spinning2021Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 138, nr 26, artikel-id 50629Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the underlying mechanism for improved spinnability when mixing lignin and cellulose in solution was investigated. Co-processing of lignin and cellulose has previously been identified as a potential route for production of inexpensive and bio-based carbon fibers. The molecular order of cellulose contributes to the strength of the fibers and the high carbon content of lignin improves the yield during conversion to carbon fibers. The current work presents an additional benefit of combining lignin and cellulose; solutions that contain both lignin and cellulose could be air-gap spun at substantially higher draw ratios than pure cellulose solutions, that is, lignin improved the spinnability. Fibers were spun from solutions containing different ratios of lignin, from 0 to 70 wt%, and the critical draw ratio was determined at various temperatures of solution. The observations were followed by characterization of the solutions with shear and elongational viscosity and surface tension, but none of these methods could explain the beneficial effect of lignin on the spinnability. However, by measuring the take-up force it was found that lignin seems to stabilize against diameter fluctuations during spinning, and plausible explanations are discussed

  • 27.
    Bergman, Gunnar
    et al.
    Department of Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Bertilsson, Hans
    Department of Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Shur, Young J.
    Department of Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Antiplasticization and transition to marked nonlinear viscoelasticity in poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer blends1977Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 21, nr 11, s. 2953-2961Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A series of PVC/NBR blends with varying acrylonitrile (AN) content in the NBR has been studied in uniaxial tension creep tests. The tests have been carried out at 21.5 ± 0.5°C covering creep times from 10 to 1000 sec. NBR with low AN content, having poor compatibility with PVC, gives the blends with higher compliance and increased time dependence of the compliance. A higher AN content in the NBR gives the blends with the opposite properties when the NBR is added in small amounts. NBR with 40 wt‐% AN is found to act as an antiplasticizer giving minimal creep compliance when 7 wt‐% NBR is added. The antiplasticization reveals a considerably increased stress level at which the transition from approximatively linear to marked nonlinear viscoelasticity occurs and a decreased stress dependence of the creep compliance in the nonlinear viscoelastic range. Since the antiplasticization is also associated with a suppression of the β‐transition mechanism, the results provide a demonstration of the importance of β‐mechanism in the stress activated processes responsible for the appearance of nonlinear viscoelasticity in solid polymers.

  • 28. Berthold, F
    et al.
    Gustafsson, K
    Berggren, R
    Sjoholm, E
    Lindström, Mikael
    Swed. Pulp/Paper Research Institute.
    Dissolution of softwood kraft pulps by direct derivatization in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide2004Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 94, nr 2, s. 424-431Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A method for the characterization of the molar mass distributions (MMDs) of softwood kraft pulps dissolved in 0.5% lithium chloride (LiCl)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) by size exclusion chromatography is presented. The method is based on derivatization with ethyl isocyanate and the dissolution of samples in 8% LiCl/DMAc. In this study, the derivatization of hardwood kraft pulps did not influence the MMD. In the case of softwood pulps, however, the derivatization decreased the proportion of the high-molecular-mass material and increased the proportion of the low-molecular-mass material, which resulted in a distribution similar to the MMD of a hardwood kraft pulp. The results suggest that associations between hemicellulose and cellulose in the softwood kraft pulp were ruptured during derivatization. This led to a more correct estimation of the MMD of derivatized softwood kraft pulps than obtained by the dissolution of nonderivatized samples. This new method offers several advantages over derivatization with phenyl isocyanate: a precipitation step is not necessary, it is possible to follow the lignin distribution in the samples, and the method allows very high levels of dissolution of softwood kraft pulps up to a kappa number of around 50.

  • 29.
    Bhowmick, A.K.
    et al.
    Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
    Ray, S.
    Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
    Shanmugharaj, A.M.
    Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
    Heslop, J.
    School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
    Koppen, N.
    White, J.R.
    School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
    Photomechanical degradation of thermoplastic elastomers2006Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 99, nr 1, s. 150-161Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The photodegradation of thermoplastic elastomers designed for outdoor applications was studied with laboratory ultraviolet (UV) exposure in the unstrained state and under tensile strain (25 and 50%). Strained exposure caused a reduction of the strain to failure in subsequent tensile tests. For some combinations of material and exposure conditions, some recovery of extensibility occurred between 2 and 4 weeks. Microscopic examination revealed that this was probably due to embrittlement of the surface region that was sufficiently severe that surface cracks did not prop agate into the interior and that the observed recovery did not correspond to repair or improvement of the material. Shielding the sample surface from UV irradiation reduced the formation of surface cracking very significantly, and it was deduced that the principal cause of degradation was photooxidation rather than ozone attack. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 30. Bian, Z
    et al.
    Zhang, L
    Wu, S
    He, F
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemi, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap.
    Pan, J
    Xie, G
    Temperature effect on mechanical strength and frictional properties of polytetrafluoroethylene-based core-shell nanocomposites2020Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has shown an outstanding lubricity as a solid lubricant, but its application is limited due to its low-mechanical strength and high-wear rate. In this study, core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized using PTFE as the core and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the shell. The formed core-shell nanocomposites by leveraging the core-shell nanoparticles as basic structural units exhibit remarkable enhancement on uniformity, tensile strength, and wear resistance, compared to mechanically mixed composites with the same composition. Our experiments demonstrated the following results: (1) Owing to the excellent uniformity, the maximum tensile strength of core-shell nanocomposites was 62 MPa, three times higher than that of mechanically mixed composites. (2) The composite matrix formed by PMMA shell had better reinforcement and protection effect on inner PTFE phase, resulting in a reduced wear rate of 0.3 × 10−5 mm3/(N m), one order of magnitude lower than that of mechanically mixed composites. (3) The friction coefficient and interfacial mechanical properties of the core-shell nanocomposites at different temperatures have been systematically studied to get insights into lubrication mechanisms. It is proved that the temperature can decrease the modulus and increase the interfacial adhesion as well as the loss tangent of the core-shell nanocomposites, thus affecting the lubrication properties in multiple ways. 

  • 31.
    Bianchi, Otávio
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap. Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Cruz, Joziel A.
    Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Paim, Lucas
    Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Lavoratti, Alessandra
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap. Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Al-Maqdasi, Zainab
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap.
    Amico, Sandro C.
    Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
    Fernberg, Patrik
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap.
    Joffe, Roberts
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Materialvetenskap.
    Rheology, curing and time-dependent behavior of epoxy/carbon nanoparticles systems2023Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, artikel-id e54821Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 32.
    Bruce, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Nilsson, Camilla
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Malmström, Eva
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Fogelström, Linda
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Paper-sheet biocomposites based on wood pulp grafted with poly(epsilon-caprolactone)2015Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 132, nr 23, artikel-id 42039Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Kraft pulp fibers were used as substrates for the grafting of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) from available hydroxyl groups through ring-opening polymerization, targeting three different chain lengths (degree of polymerization): 120, 240, and 480. In a paper-making process, paper-sheet biocomposites composed of grafted fibers and neat pulp fibers were prepared. The paper sheets possessed both the appearance and the tactility of ordinary paper sheets. Additionally, the sheets were homogenous, suggesting that PCL-grafted fibers and neat fibers were compatible, as demonstrated by both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microscopy and through dye-labeling of the PCL-grafted fibers. Finally, it was shown that the paper-sheet biocomposites could be hot-pressed into laminate structures without the addition of any matrix polymer; the adhesive joint produced could even be stronger than the papers themselves. This apparent and sufficient adhesion between the layers was thought to be due to chain entanglements and/or co-crystallization of adjacent grafted PCL chains within the different paper sheets. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42039.

  • 33.
    Budkowski, Andrzej
    et al.
    M. Smoluchowski Insitute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, Krakow 30–059, Poland.
    Zemla, Joanna
    Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik. Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, Materialvetenskap.
    Awsiuk, Kamil
    Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
    Rysz, Jakub
    M. Smoluchowski Insitute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, Krakow 30–059, Poland.
    Bernasik, Andrzej
    Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30–059, Poland.
    Björström Svanström, Cecilia M.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik.
    Lekka, Małgorzata
    Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland.
    Jaczewska, Justyna
    Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
    Polymer Blends Spin-Cast into Films with Complementary Elements for Electronics and Biotechnology2012Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Special Issue: Contributions from the 4th International Conference on Polymer Behavior (IUPAC), Lodz, Poland, September 19–23, 2010, Vol. 125, nr 6, s. 4275-4284Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Versatility of solution-processing strategy based on the simultaneous rather than additive deposition of different functional molecules is discussed. It is shown that spin-cast polymer blends result in films with domains that could form elements with complementary functions of (i) solar cells, (ii) electronic circuitries, and (iii) test plates for protein micro-arrays: Alternating layers, rich in electrondonating polyfluorene and electron-accepting fullerene derivative, result in optimized solar power conversion. Surface patterns, made by soft lithography, align conductive paths of conjugated poly(3-alkylthiophene) in dielectric polystyrene. Proteins, preserving their biologically activity, are adsorbed to hydrophobic domains of polystyrene in hydrophilic matrix of poly(ethylene oxide). The authors report the research progress on structure formation in three polymer blend families, resulting in films with complementary elements for electronics and biotechnology. Blend film structures are determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the authors present recent results on (i) structure formation in fullerene derivative/poly(3-alkylthiophene) blends intended for solar cells, (ii) 3-dimensional SIMS imaging of conductive paths of poly(3-alkylthiophene) in dielectric polystyrene, (iii) test lates for multiprotein micro-arrays fabricated with blend films of hydrophobic polystyrene and thermoresponsive poly (N-sopropylacrylamide).

  • 34. Camacho, W.
    et al.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Simultaneous determination of molecular weight and crystallinity of recycled HDPE by infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration2002Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 85, nr 2, s. 321-327Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An attempt of correlating molecular weight (M,) of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as measured by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with diffuse reflectance near and mid-infrared spectroscopy (NIR/MIR) was made by means of multivariate calibration. The spectral data obtained was also used to extract information about the degree of crystallinity of the recycled resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as the reference method. Partial leastsquares (PLS) calibration was performed on the MIR and NIR spectral data for prediction of Af, Four PC factors described fully the PLS models. The root-meansquare error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained with MIR data was 360, whereas a RMSEP of 470 was achieved when calibration was carried out on the diffuse reflectance NIR data. A PLS calibration for prediction of degree of crystallinity was performed on the NIR data in the 1100-1900-nm region, but the ability of prediction of this model was poor. However a PLS calibration in the region 2000-2500 nm yield better results. Four PC factors explained the most of the variance in the spectra and the RMSEP was 0.4 wt %.

  • 35. Camacho, W.
    et al.
    Valles-Lluch, A.
    Ribes-Greus, A.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Determination of moisture content in nylon 6,6 by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics2003Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 87, nr 13, s. 2165-2170Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of moisture on the morphology and mechanical properties of polyamides have been extensively studied by a number of researchers. However, the assessment of water content in the resins has been carried out by thermal or thermogravimetric methods, which are destructive. In the present work partial least-squares (PLS) calibration models based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were produced in order to predict the moisture content of nylon 6,6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the loss-on-drying (LOD) method were used as reference methods. TGA, LOD, DSC, and NIR analysis were performed in parallel, and the obtained data were used for multivariate calibration purposes. Data pretreatment techniques such as derivation and multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) successfully eliminated the baseline offset present in the raw spectra and compensated for differences in thickness and light scattering of the analyzed samples. Calibration models were validated by full cross validation with the help of a test set. A comparison of the prediction ability of PLS models based on pretreated data was also done. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of moisture in recycled nylon. The moisture content can be predicted with a RMSEP = 0.05 wt %.

  • 36. Camacho, Walker
    et al.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Simultaneous determination of molecular weight and crystallinity of recycled HDPE by infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration2002Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 85, nr 2, s. 321-327Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 37. Cardoso, Marcos R.
    et al.
    Martins, Renato J.
    Dev, Apurba
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Material- och nanofysik, Materialfysik, MF.
    Voss, Tobias
    Mendonca, Cleber R.
    Highly hydrophobic hierarchical nanomicro roughness polymer surface created by stamping and laser micromachining2015Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 132, nr 24, artikel-id 42082Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This article describes the design and fabrication of hierarchical nanomicrostructured polymer surfaces with high hydrophobicity. The nanoscale roughness is achieved by stamping a ZnO nanowire film into PDMS. Subsequently, microstructures with different periodicities are created in the stamped PDMS sample by direct laser writing using femtosecond pulses. With this approach, we were able to produce hierarchical surface morphologies, composed of nano and microscale structures that exhibit water contact angles larger than 160 degrees.

  • 38. Cho, DL
    et al.
    Claesson, PM
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Gölander, C-G
    Johansson, K
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Structure and surface properties of plasma polymerized acrylic acid layers1990Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 41, s. 1373-1390Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin plasma polymerized layers of acrylic acid (PPAA) were deposited onto polyethylene and muscovite mica surfaces. Structure and surface properties of the deposited layer depend on the polymerization conditions. The content of carboxylic groups in the layer decreases, whereas the degree of crosslinking or branching increases, with increasing discharge power. A soft, sticky layer with a low contact angle against water is obtained when a low discharge power (5 W) is used. In contrast, a hard film with a rather high water contact angle is obtained when the discharge power is high (50 W). A surface force apparatus was employed to study some film properties including adhesion force, crack formation, and capillary condensation. The adhesion force between plasma polymerized acrylic acid layers prepared at a low discharge power is high in dry air. It decreases remarkably in humid air and no adhesion is observed in water. In dry air, the adhesion force between PPAA layers decreases as the discharge power increases.

  • 39.
    Cho, DL
    et al.
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Ekengren, Ö
    Composite membranes formed by plasma-polymerized acrylic acid for ultrafiltration of bleach effluent1993Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 47, s. 2125-2133Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Composite membranes were formed by deposition of plasma-polymerized acrylic acid (PPAA) films onto porous commercial membranes to improve the rejection, especially of chlorinated compunds, in ultrafiltration of E-stage bleach effluent. Although increased rejections were accompanied by reduced flux, in most cases, the reductionswere not significiant considering the extent of increased rejections. A good composite membrane showed the AOX removal of 94% (76% before the modification) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 84% (67% before the modification) with 33% reduction of the flux. The permeate was optically clean. The improved rejection is attributed to the tightly crosslinked network of a plasma polymer film and its negatively charged surface. Ultrathin film thickness and the hydrophilic property of a plasma polymer film minimize the reduction of flux.

  • 40. Cho, DL
    et al.
    Sjöblom, E
    RISE., SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Plasma treatment of wood1990Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 46, s. 461-472Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Wood was treated with hydrophobic plasma polymers to reduce the water penetration. Due to the released water vapour and/or molecular weight components from wood under low pressures the efficiency of the plasma treatment was dependent on the evacuation time before plasma treatment. A long evacuation for the efficient treatment could be avoided by increasing the monomer pressure. Adhesion of a paint onto the hydrophobized wood was poor. The adhesion was improved by hydrophilic post-treatment at a sacrifice of the reduction of water penetration. However, a large reduction of water penetration and a good adhesion to a

  • 41.
    Cho, Sung-Woo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Gällstedt, Mikael
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Effects of glycerol content and film thickness on the properties of vital wheat gluten films cast at pH 4 and 12010Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 117, nr 6, s. 3506-3514Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study deals with the optical properties and plasticizer migration properties of vital wheat gluten (WG) films cast at pH 4 and 11. The films contained initially 8, 16, and 25 wt % glycerol and were aged at 23 degrees C and 50% relative humidity for at least 17 weeks on a paper support to simulate a situation where a paper packaging is laminated with an oxygen barrier film of WG. The films, having target thicknesses of 50 and 250 mu m, were characterized visually and with ultraviolet/visible and infrared spectroscopy; the mass loss was measured by gravimetry or by a glycerol-specific gas chromatography method. The thin films produced at pH 4 were, in general, more heterogeneous than those produced at pH 11. The thin pH 4 films consisted of transparent regions surrounding beige glycerol-rich regions, the former probably rich in gliadin and the latter rich in glutenin. This, together with less Maillard browning, meant that the thin pH 4 films, in contrast to the more homogeneous (beige) thin pH 11 films, showed good contact clarity. The variations in glycerol content did not significantly change the optical properties of the films. All the films showed a significant loss of glycerol to the paper support but, after almost 9 months, the thick pH 11 film containing initially 25 wt % glycerol was still very flexible and, despite a better contact to the paper, had a higher residual glycerol content than the pH 4 film, which was also more brittle.

  • 42.
    Cho, Sung-Woo
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Gällstedt, Mikael
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    Effects of glycerol content and film thickness on the properties of vital wheat gluten films cast at pH 4 and 112010Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 117, nr 6, s. 3506-3514Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study deals with the optical properties and plasticizer migration properties of vital wheat gluten (WG) films cast at pH 4 and 11. The films contained initially 8, 16, and 25 wt.% glycerol and were aged at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity for at least 17 weeks on a paper support to simulate a situation where a paper packaging is laminated with an oxygen barrier film of WG. The films, having target thicknesses of 50 and 250 μm, were characterized visually and with ultraviolet/visible and infrared spectroscopy; the mass loss was measured by gravimetry or by a glycerol-specific gas chromatography method. The thin films produced at pH 4 were, in general, more heterogeneous than those produced at pH 11. The thin pH 4 films consisted of transparent regions surrounding beige glycerol-rich regions, the former probably rich in gliadin and the latter rich in glutenin. This, together with less Maillard browning, meant that the thin pH 4 films, in contrast to the more homogeneous (beige) thin pH 11 films, showed good contact clarity. The variations in glycerol content did not significantly change the optical properties of the films. All the films showed a significant loss of glycerol to the paper support but, after almost 9 months, the thick pH 11 film containing initially 25 wt.% glycerol was still very flexible and, despite a better contact to the paper, had a higher residual glycerol content than the pH 4 film, which was also more brittle.

  • 43. Cho, S.-W.
    et al.
    Gällstedt, Mikael
    RISE., Innventia.
    Hedenqvist, M.S.
    Effects of glycerol content and film thickness on the properties of vital wheat gluten films cast at pH 4 and 112010Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 117, nr 6, s. 3506-3514Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study deals with the optical properties and plasticizer migration properties of vital wheat gluten (WG) films cast at pH 4 and 11. The films contained initially 8, 16, and 25 wt % glycerol and were aged at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for at least 17 weeks on a paper support to simulate a situation where a paper packaging is laminated with an oxygen barrier film of WG. The films, having target thicknesses of 50 and 250 Όm, were characterized visually and with ultraviolet/visible and infrared spectroscopy; the mass loss was measured by gravimetry or by a glycerol-specific gas chromatography method. The thin films produced at pH 4 were, in general, more heterogeneous than those produced at pH 11. The thin pH 4 films consisted of transparent regions surrounding beige glycerol-rich regions, the former probably rich in gliadin and the latter rich in glutenin. This, together with less Maillard browning, meant that the thin pH 4 films, in contrast to the more homogeneous (beige) thin pH 11 films, showed good contact clarity. The variations in glycerol content did not significantly change the optical properties of the films. All the films showed a significant loss of glycerol to the paper support but, after almost 9 months, the thick pH 11 film containing initially 25 wt % glycerol was still very flexible and, despite a better contact to the paper, had a higher residual glycerol content than the pH 4 film, which was also more brittle.

  • 44. Contat-Rodrigo, L.
    et al.
    Haider, N.
    Ribes-Greus, A.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction of degradation products from degradable polyolefin blends aged in soil2001Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 79, nr 6, s. 1101-1112Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Two nonconventional extraction techniques, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonication, were used to extract degradation products from polyolefins with enhanced degradability. High-density polyethylene/polypropylene blends with two different biodegradable additives (a granular starch/iron oxide mixture and Mater-Bi AF05H) were subjected to outdoor soil burial tests and removed at different periods of time between 0 and 21 months. The extracted products were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ultrasonication was found to be a more suitable technique than MAE because of better reproducibility. In addition, higher amounts of certain products (e.g., carboxylic acids) were extracted by ultrasonication than by MAE. The degradation products extracted from the two blends were basically a homologous series of alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols. The amount of hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated) and alcohols remained basically the same as the degradation times increased. However, carboxylic acids tended to decrease slightly with the exposure time. Their concentration remained practically unchanged until 12 months of soil burial when a more significant decrease was noted. The quantitative analysis of the degradation products revealed for both samples a decrease in the amount of carboxylic acids with the exposure time, although the trend was different according to the additive used in each sample. For blends with Mater-Bi the amount of carboxylic acids was at a minimum after 12-month exposure in soil, which coincided with a minimum in the molecular weight distribution. After blends with granular starch/iron oxide were exposed to 3 months in soil, tetradecanoic acid was no longer detectable and the amount of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids decreased significantly. Solid-phase microextraction, a solvent-free extraction technique, was used to extract the degradation products that could have migrated to the soil from blends with Mater-Bi. Small amounts of tetradecanoic acid and dodecanol were identified by GC-MS in the soil surrounding the sample. The degradation patterns observed here correlate with our previous results from mechanical and morphological characterization of these samples.

  • 45.
    de Sousa, Giulia Simão
    et al.
    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
    Kalantar Mehrjerdi, Adib
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi. Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business University of Borås Borås Sweden;R&D Manager MuoviTech International Group MuoviTech AB Brämhult Sweden.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi. Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business University of Borås Borås Sweden.
    d'Almeida, José Roberto Moraes
    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
    Thermo‐mechanical properties of polyethylene composites filled with soapstone waste2023Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, artikel-id e55017Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, soapstone waste originated from craftsmanship activities was used as an alternative filler (0–30 wt%) for a high-density polyethylene (PE) matrix. The aim of this paper is to understand the effect of the filler particles on crystallinity, thermal stability and thermo-mechanical properties of this newly developed composite material. Physico-chemical characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), oxidation induction time (OIT) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) were performed to assess the effect of the filler on the themo-mechanical properties of PE. Thermal stability, measured by TGA, was enhanced, while OIT values reduced with filler content. A significant increase on the storage modulus of the composites (up to 148% in comparison with unfilled PE) was observed and this reinforcing effect was even more prominent at higher temperatures. XRD analysis revealed that the degree of crystallinity improved significantly with soapstone loading, which explains the substantial increase in stiffness observed. Increased crystallinity is also associated with higher strength, reduced residual stress, and better dimensional stability of end products, which can be particularly attractive for pressure pipe applications. 

  • 46. Ding, Xiangyu
    et al.
    Liu, Hewen
    Shi, Wenfang
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan.
    Form-fill-seal methodology for controlled encapsulation of small silver particles in hyperbranched polygycidol2009Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 112, nr 3, s. 1209-1214Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 47.
    Edlund, Ulrica
    et al.
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Albertsson, Ann-Christine
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Copolymerization and polymer blending of trimethylene carbonate and adipic anhydride for tailored drug delivery1999Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 72, nr 2, s. 227-239Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The copolymerization in bulk and solution of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with adipic anhydride (AA) as well as the blending of homopolymers are described. We show experimentally that the components are not copolymerizable but partially miscible, forming a microscopic dispersion without any visible signs of phase separation. Poly(adipic anhydride) (PAA) functions as a plasticizer, permitting an increase in the erosion rate by increasing the porosity and hydration. Drug delivery from the blends was evaluated. A statistical factorial model was designed to explore the influence of three important blend parameters and their interactions, making it possible to predict the erosion and drug-release behavior of the blend matrices. The PAA:poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) ratio and molecular weight of the polycarbonate component significantly influence the drug-release performance, mass loss, and degree of plasticization. The interaction among these factors also influences the blend properties. Plasticization of PTMC enhances the drug release to an extent that is dependent on the amount of PAA used. We demonstrate that blending offers a convenient alternative to copolymerization for the preparation of polymer matrices with predictable drug delivery.

  • 48.
    Esmaeili, Nima
    et al.
    University of Bolton.
    Jahandideh, Arash
    South Dakota State University.
    Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan
    South Dakota State University.
    Åkesson, Dan
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Synthesis and characterization of methacrylated star-shaped poly(lactic acid) emplying core moilecules with different hydroxyl groups2017Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 134, nr 39, artikel-id 45341Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A set of novel bio-based star-shaped thermoset resins was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of lactide and employing different multi-hydroxyl core molecules, including ethylene glycol, glycerol, and erythritol. The branches were end-functionalized with methacrylic anhydride. The effect of the core molecule on the melt viscosity, the curing behavior of the thermosets and also, the thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated. Resins were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR to confirm the chemical structure. Rheological analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed to obtain the melt viscosity and the curing behavior of the studied star-shaped resins. Thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were also measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The erythritol-based resin had superior thermomechanical properties compared to the other resins and also, lower melt viscosity compared to the glycerol-based resin. These are of desired characteristics for a resin, intended to be used as a matrix for the structural composites. Thermomechanical properties of the cured resins were also compared to a commercial unsaturated polyester resin and the experimental results indicated that erythritol-based resin with 82% bio-based content has superior thermomechanical properties, compared to the commercial polyester resin. Results of this study indicated that although core molecule with higher number of hydroxyl groups results in resins with better thermomechanical properties, number of hydroxyl groups is not the only governing factor for average molecular weight and melt viscosity of the uncured S-LA resins.

  • 49.
    Espert, Ana
    et al.
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Camacho, Walker
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Polymerteknologi.
    Thermal and thermomechanical properties of biocomposites made from modified recycled cellulose and recycled polypropylene2003Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 89, nr 9, s. 2353-2360Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Residual cellulose fibers from the paper industry have been used as reinforcements in recycled polypropylene (PP) composites. The main obstacle to obtaining good properties with this biocomposite is deficiencies in the compatibility between the nonpolar matrices and the polar cellulose fibers used as reinforcements. The aim of this work was to improve the compatibilization between these cellulose fibers and the PP matrix with four different methods: modification by the addition of polypropylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (PPgMA) during the process of blending, preblending modification of the cellulose with a solution of PPgMA, modification of cellulose by silanes (vinyltrimethoxysilane), and acetylation of cellulose. Blends with all of the differently modified celluloses were prepared with the cellulose content varied up to 40%, and then all of the blends were subjected to thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis) and thermomechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) analyses. The results showed that the addition of cellulose fibers improved the thermomechanical behavior of the PP, increasing the value of the log of the dynamic modulus, and affected the thermal and thermooxidative behavior. Moreover, an advantage of the use of a recycled PP containing a small quantity of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) as a prime material in the composition was the enhancement of mechanical properties. The use of these methods for the modification of cellulose led to more desirable thermal and thermooxidative stabilities.

  • 50.
    Ezekiel Mushi, Ngesa
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer.
    Butchosa, Núria
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanopaper membranes from chitin-protein composite nanofibers: Structure and mechanical properties2014Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 131, nr 7, s. 40121-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Chitin nanofibers may be of interest as a component for nanocomposites. Composite nanofibers are therefore isolated from crab shells in order to characterize structure and analyze property potential. The mechanical properties of the porous nanopaper structures are much superior to regenerated chitin membranes. The nanofiber filtration-processing route is much more environmentally friendly than for regenerated chitin. Minerals and extractives are removed using HCl and ethanol, respectively, followed by mild NaOH treatment and mechanical homogenization to maintain chitin-protein structure in the nanofibers produced. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) reveal the structure of chitin-protein composite nanofibers. The presence of protein is confirmed by colorimetric method. Porous nanopaper membranes are prepared by simple filtration in such a way that different nanofiber volume fractions are obtained: 43%, 52%, 68%, and 78%. Moisture sorption isotherms, structural properties, and mechanical properties of membranes are measured and analyzed. The current material is environmentally friendly, the techniques employed for both individualization and membrane preparation are simple and green, and the results are of interest for development of nanomaterials and biocomposites.

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