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  • 1. Agardh, Emilie E.
    et al.
    Lundin, Andreas
    Lager, Anton
    Allebeck, Peter
    Koupil, Ilona
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS). Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Andreasson, Sven
    Östenson, Claes-Göran
    Danielsson, Anna-Karin
    Alcohol and type 2 diabetes: The role of socioeconomic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 47, nr 4, s. 408-416Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: We investigate (a) alcohol consumption in association with type 2 diabetes, taking heavy episodic drinking (HED), socioeconomic, health and lifestyle, and psychosocial factors into account, and (b) whether a seemingly protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on type 2 diabetes persists when stratified by occupational position.

    METHODS: This population-based longitudinal cohort study comprises 16,223 Swedes aged 18-84 years who answered questionnaires about lifestyle, including alcohol consumption in 2002, and who were followed-up for self-reported or register-based diabetes in 2003-2011. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model for all participants and stratified by high and low occupational position. We adjusted for HED, socioeconomic (occupational position, cohabiting status and unemployment), health and lifestyle (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, poor general health, anxiety/depression and psychosocial (low job control and poor social support) characteristics one by one, and the sets of these factors.

    RESULTS: Moderate consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes after controlling for health and lifestyle (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.79) and psychosocial factors (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.22-0.79) when compared to non-drinkers. When adjusting for socioeconomic factors, there was still an inverse but non-significant association (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.35-1.00). In those with high occupational position, there was no significant association between moderate consumption and type 2 diabetes after adjusting for socioeconomic (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.3-1.52), health and lifestyle (OR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.32-1.5), and psychosocial factors (OR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.23-2.46). On the contrary, in those with low occupational position, ORs decreased from 0.55 (95% CI: 0.28-1.1) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.15-0.82) when adjusting for psychosocial factors, a decrease that was solely due to low job control. HED did not influence any of these associations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for HED, health and lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics. The association was inverse but non-significant after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. When stratified by occupational position, there was an inverse association only in those with low occupational position and after adjusting for low job control.

  • 2. Agerholm, Janne
    et al.
    Pulkki, Jutta
    Jensen, Natasja K.
    Keskimäki, Ilmo
    Andersen, Ingelise
    Burström, Bo
    Jämsen, Esa
    Tynkkynen, Liina-Kaisa
    Schön, Pär
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om äldre och åldrande (ARC), (tills m KI).
    Liljas, Ann E. M.
    The organisation and responsibility for care for older people in Denmark, Finland and Sweden: outline and comparison of care systems2024Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 52, nr 2, s. 119-122Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To outline the organisation and responsibility for health and social care provided to older people in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

    Methods: Non-quantifiable data on the care systems were collated from the literature and expert consultations. The responsibilities for primary healthcare, specialised healthcare, prevention and health promotion, rehabilitation, and social care were presented in relation to policy guidance, funding and organisation.

    Results: In all three countries, the state issues policy and to some extent co-funds the largely decentralised systems; in Denmark and Sweden the regions and municipalities organise the provision of care services – a system that is also about to be implemented in Finland to improve care coordination and make access more equal. Care for older citizens focuses to a large extent on enabling them to live independently in their own homes.

    Conclusions: Decentralised care systems are challenged by considerable local variations, possibly jeopardising care equity. State-level decision and policy makers need to be aware of these challenges and monitor developments to prevent further health and social care disparities in the ageing population.

  • 3.
    Aglen, B.
    et al.
    Nord Trondelag Univ Coll, Fac Hlth Sci, N-7601 Levanger, Norway .
    Hedlund, M.
    Telemark Univ Coll, Porsgrunn, Norway .
    Landstad, B. J.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap.
    Self-help and self-help groups for people with long-lasting health problems or mental health difficulties in a Nordic context: A review2011Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 39, nr 8, s. 813-822Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this review is to provide systematic knowledge of research from Nordic countries about the meaning of self-help and self-help groups when these are used as a concept or method addressing issues related to long-lasting health problems or mental health difficulties. Methods: Included were studies conducted in the Nordic countries that were published between January 1999 and September 2009. These studies investigated self-help and self-help groups addressing issues related to long-lasting health problems. Results: A total of 83 publications met the inclusion criteria. Four major characteristics of self-help were found to be present in the publications: self-help as an intrapsychological process, self-help as an interpsychological or group process, self-help as a coping, individual learning or empowerment process, and self-help as an alternative or complement to medical treatment. Of the 83 studies, 72 publications used a professional treatment perspective for studying self-help and 11 publications used a perspective derived from alternative or complementary therapies. Conclusions: The review shows that most of the research on self-help and self-help groups for people with long-lasting health problems or disability is conducted with an interest to improve the professional healthcare system. That is, the health-promotion strategy is mainly considered in the framework of treatment or care settings. This means that self-help in this context does not challenge the dominant biomedical health model. © 2011 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.

  • 4.
    Ahlner, Johan
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Holmgren, Anita
    National Board for Forensic Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden .
    Jones, A Wayne
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Prevalence of alcohol and other drugs and the concentrations in blood of drivers killed in road traffic crashes in Sweden2014Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, nr 2, s. 177-183Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Drunk or drug-impaired drivers represent a major public health and societal problem worldwide. Because over 95% of drivers killed on the roads in Sweden are autopsied, reliable information is available about the use of alcohol and/or other drug before the crash. Methods: This retrospective 4-year study (2008-2011) used a forensic toxicology database (TOXBASE) to evaluate the concentrations of alcohol and other drugs in blood samples from drivers killed in road-traffic crashes. Results: The mean age of all victims (N = 895) was 48 +/- 20 years, and the majority were male (86%). In 504 drivers (56%), the results of toxicological analysis were negative and these victims were older; mean age (+/- SD) 47 +/- 20 years, than alcohol positive cases (35 +/- 14 years) and illicit drug users (34 +/- 15 years). In 21% of fatalities, blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) was above the statutory limit for driving (0.2 g/L), although the median BAC was appreciably higher (1.72 g/L). Illicit drugs (mainly amphetamine and cannabis) were identified in similar to 7% of victims, either alone (2.5%), together with alcohol (1.8%) or a prescription drug (2%). The psychoactive prescription drugs identified were mainly benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics and tramadol, which were found in the blood of 7.6% of crash victims. Conclusions: The high median BAC in fatally-injured drivers speaks strongly towards alcohol-induced impairment as being responsible for the crash. Compared with alcohol, the prevalence of illicit and psychoactive prescription drugs was fairly low despite a dramatic increase in the number of drug-impaired drivers arrested by the police after a zero-tolerance law was introduced in 1999.

  • 5. Aili, K.
    et al.
    Nyman, Teresia
    KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH).
    Hillert, L.
    Svartengren, M.
    Sleep disturbances predict future sickness absence among individuals with lower back or neck-shoulder pain: A 5-year prospective study2015Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 3, s. 315-323Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common causes of sickness absence. Sleep disturbances are often co-occurring with pain, but the relationship between sleep and pain is complex. Little is known about the importance of self-reported sleep, when predicting sickness absence among persons with musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to study the association between self-reported sleep quality and sickness absence 5 years later, among individuals stratified by presence of lower back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP). Methods: The cohort (n = 2286) in this 5-year prospective study (using data from the MUSIC-Norrtälje study) was stratified by self-reported pain into three groups: no LBP or NSP, solely LBP or NSP, and oncurrent LBP and NSP. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of self-reported sleep disturbances at baseline on sickness absence (> 14 consecutive days), 5 years later, were calculated. Results: Within all three pain strata, individuals reporting the most sleep problems showed a significantly higher OR for all-cause sickness absence, 5 years later. The group with the most pronounced sleep problems within the concurrent LBP and NSP stratum had a significantly higher OR (OR 2.00; CI 1.09-3.67) also for long-term sickness absence (> 90days) 5 years later, compared to the group with the best sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances predict sickness absence among individuals regardless of co-existing features of LBP and/or NSP. The clinical evaluation of patients should take possible sleep disturbances into account in the planning of treatments.

  • 6. Aili, Katarina
    et al.
    Nyman, Teresia
    Hillert, Lena
    Svartengren, Magnus
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Sleep disturbances predict future sickness absence among individuals with lower back or neck-shoulder pain: A 5-year prospective study2015Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 3, s. 315-323Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common causes of sickness absence. Sleep disturbances are often co-occurring with pain, but the relationship between sleep and pain is complex. Little is known about the importance of self-reported sleep, when predicting sickness absence among persons with musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to study the association between self-reported sleep quality and sickness absence 5 years later, among individuals stratified by presence of lower back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP). Methods: The cohort (n = 2286) in this 5-year prospective study (using data from the MUSIC-Norrtalje study) was stratified by self-reported pain into three groups: no LBP or NSP, solely LBP or NSP, and oncurrent LBP and NSP. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of self-reported sleep disturbances at baseline on sickness absence (> 14 consecutive days), 5 years later, were calculated. Results: Within all three pain strata, individuals reporting the most sleep problems showed a significantly higher OR for all-cause sickness absence, 5 years later. The group with the most pronounced sleep problems within the concurrent LBP and NSP stratum had a significantly higher OR (OR 2.00; CI 1.09-3.67) also for long-term sickness absence (> 90days) 5 years later, compared to the group with the best sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances predict sickness absence among individuals regardless of co-existing features of LBP and/or NSP. The clinical evaluation of patients should take possible sleep disturbances into account in the planning of treatments.

  • 7.
    Aili, Katarina
    et al.
    Karolinska Instutitet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nyman, Teresia
    Karolinska Instutitet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Technology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hillert, Lena
    Karolinska Instutitet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Svartengren, Magnus
    Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sleep disturbances predict future sickness absence among individuals with lower back or neck-shoulder pain: a 5-year prospective study2015Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 3, s. 315-323Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common causes of sickness absence. Sleep disturbances are often co-occurring with pain, but the relationship between sleep and pain is complex. Little is known about the importance of self-reported sleep, when predicting sickness absence among persons with musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to study the association between self-reported sleep quality and sickness absence 5 years later, among individuals stratified by presence of lower back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP).

    METHODS: The cohort (n = 2286) in this 5-year prospective study (using data from the MUSIC-Norrtälje study) was stratified by self-reported pain into three groups: no LBP or NSP, solely LBP or NSP, and concurrent LBP and NSP. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of self-reported sleep disturbances at baseline on sickness absence (> 14 consecutive days), 5 years later, were calculated.

    RESULTS: Within all three pain strata, individuals reporting the most sleep problems showed a significantly higher OR for all-cause sickness absence, 5 years later. The group with the most pronounced sleep problems within the concurrent LBP and NSP stratum had a significantly higher OR (OR 2.00; CI 1.09-3.67) also for long-term sickness absence (> 90 days) 5 years later, compared to the group with the best sleep. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances predict sickness absence among individuals regardless of co-existing features of LBP and/or NSP. The clinical evaluation of patients should take possible sleep disturbances into account in the planning of treatments. © 2015, the Nordic Societies of Public Health. All rights reserved.

  • 8.
    Albrecht, Sophie C.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Kecklund, Göran
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Tucker, Philip
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Psykologiska institutionen, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
    Prospective effects of work-time control on overtime, work-life interference and exhaustion in female and male knowledge workers2024Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 52, nr 2, s. 205-215Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Employee-based flexible working hours are increasing, particularly among knowledge workers. Research indicates that women and men use work–time control (WTC; control over time off and daily hours) differently: while men work longer paid hours, women use WTC to counteract work–life interference. In a knowledge-worker sample, we examined associations between WTC and overtime, work–life interference and exhaustion and tested whether gender moderates the mediating role of overtime. Methods: The sample contained 2248 Swedish knowledge workers. Employing hierarchical regression modelling, we examined effects of control over time off/daily hours on subsequent overtime hours, work–life interference and exhaustion in general and in gender-stratified samples. Using conditional process analysis, we tested moderated mediation models. Results: Control over time off was related to less work–life interference (βmen= −0.117; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.237 to 0.003; βwomen= −0.253; 95% CI: −0.386 to −0.120) and lower exhaustion (βmen= −0.199; 95% CI: −0.347 to −0.051; βwomen= −0.271; 95% CI: −0.443 to −0.100). For control over daily hours, estimates were close to zero. While men worked more overtime (42 min/week), we could not confirm gender moderating the indirect effect of control over time off/daily hours on work–life interference/exhaustion via overtime. Independent of gender, effects of control over time off on work–life interference were partly explained by working fewer overtime hours. Conclusions: Control over time off was related to lower exhaustion and better work–life balance (in particular for women). We found no evidence for men’s work–life interference increasing with higher WTC owing to working more overtime. Knowledge workers’ control over time off may help prevent work–life interference and burnout.

  • 9.
    Albrecht, Sophie
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Kecklund, Göran
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Radboud University, The Netherlands.
    Tucker, Philip
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Swansea University, UK.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Investigating the factorial structure and availability of work time control in a representative sample of the Swedish working population2016Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 44, nr 3, s. 320-328Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Past research has often neglected the sub-dimensions of work time control (WTC). Moreover, differences in levels of WTC with respect to work and demographic characteristics have not yet been examined in a representative sample. We investigated these matters in a recent sample of the Swedish working population. Methods: The study was based on the 2014 data collection of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health. We assessed the structure of the WTC measure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Differences in WTC by work and demographic characteristics were examined with independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVAs and gender-stratified logistic regressions. Results: Best model fit was found for a two-factor structure that distinguished between control over daily hours and control over time off (root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.09; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.99). Women, shift and public-sector workers reported lower control in relation to both factors. Age showed small associations with WTC, while a stronger link was suggested for civil status and family situation. Night, roster and rotating shift work seemed to be the most influential factors on reporting low control over daily hours and time off. Conclusions: Our data confirm the two-dimensional structure underlying WTC, namely the components 'control over daily hours' and 'control over time off'. Women, public-sector and shift workers reported lower levels of control. Future research should examine the public health implications of WTC, in particular whether increased control over daily hours and time off can reduce health problems associated with difficult working-time arrangements.

  • 10.
    Ali, Sadiq M.
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Chaix, Basile
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Merlo, Juan
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Rosvall, Maria
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Wamala, Sarah
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Lindstrom, Martin
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Gender differences in daily smoking prevalence in different age strata: A population-based study in southern Sweden2009Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 37, nr 2, s. 146-152Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To investigate gender differences in daily smoking prevalence in different age groups in southern Sweden. Methods: The 2004 public-health survey in Skane is a cross-sectional study. A total of 27,757 persons aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between gender and daily smoking according to age. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the importance of possible confounders (country of origin, education, snus use, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and BMI) on the gender differences in daily smoking in different age groups. Results: 14.9% of the men and 18.1% of the women were daily smokers. Middle-aged respondents were daily smokers to a significantly higher extent than young and old respondents. The prevalence of daily smoking also varied according to other demographic, socioeconomic, health related behaviour, and BMI characteristics. The crude odds ratios of daily smoking were 1.79 (1.42-2.26) among women compared to men in the 18-24 years age group, and 0.95 (0.80-1.12) in the 65-80 years age group. These odds ratios changed to 2.00 (1.49-2.67) and 0.95 (0.76-1.18), respectively, when all confounders were included. Conclusions: For the first time in Sweden women have a higher prevalence of daily smoking than men. The odds ratios of daily smoking are highest among women compared to men in the youngest age group of 18-24 years and the odds ratios decrease with increasing age. The findings point to a serious public health problem. Strategic interventions targeting young women's tobacco smoking are needed.

  • 11.
    Allebeck, Peter
    et al.
    Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden..
    Janlert, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Fifty years of Nordic social medicine and public health: snapshots of a journal2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, nr 7, s. 827-830Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We revied articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health in a 50 years perspective. Papers reflect development of public health research, policy and debate over the years. Several papers describe early phases of Nordic population based studies that came to have major importance.

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  • 12.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI).
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Sivertsson, Fredrik
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Kriminologiska institutionen.
    Bohman, Hannes
    Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course: A prospective cohort study2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 7, s. 726-732Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants' mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36-45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.

  • 13.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Swedish Institute of Social Research, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Sivertsson, Fredrik
    Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Bohman, Hannes
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa. Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri. Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Akademiska University Hospital, Sweden Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course: A prospective cohort study2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 7, s. 726-732, artikel-id 10.1177/1403494820902914Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants' mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36-45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.

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  • 14.
    Almquist, Ylva B.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    School performance as a precursor of adult health: Exploring associations to disease-specific hospital care and their possible explanations2013Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 41, nr 1, s. 81-91Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: While past research has shown that school performance is associated with some specific health outcomes in adulthood, few studies have taken a general approach to the link between school performance and adult disease. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate sixth grade school performance in relation to disease-specific hospital care in adulthood and, moreover, to examine whether other conditions in childhood could account for any such associations. Methods: The data used was the Stockholm Birth Cohort, consisting of 14,294 individuals born in 1953. Associations between school performance and disease-specific hospital care were analysed by means of Cox regression. Results: Poor school performance was shown to be linked to a variety of diseases in adulthood, e.g. drug dependence, stomach ulcer, cerebrovascular diseases, and accidents. Some differences according to gender were found. Most associations, but not all, were explained by the simultaneous inclusion of various family-related and individual factors (e.g. social class, cognitive ability, and behavioural problems). Conclusions: In sum, the results of this study suggest that poor school performance may be an essential part of risk clustering in childhood with important implications for the individual's health career.

  • 15.
    Almquist, Ylva B.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Östberg, Viveca
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Rostila, Mikael
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS).
    Edling, Christofer
    Rydgren, Jens
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Sociologiska institutionen.
    Friendship network characteristics and psychological well-being in late adolescence: Exploring differences by gender and gender composition2014Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, nr 2, s. 146-154Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between friendship networks and psychological well-being among 19-year-olds. Methods: The data used was a random sample of Swedish individuals born in 1990 who answered a questionnaire in 2009-2010. Friendship networks were considered in terms of three measures of emotional support. Six statements about the individual's emotional state were used to create a summary measure of psychological well-being. Gender and gender composition were included as potentially moderating factors. The association between friendship networks and psychological well-being was analysed by means of linear regression analysis (n = 1289). Results: The results indicate that males' and females' friendship networks were similar with regard to quality and trust, whereas males' networks were characterized by less self-disclosure and a stronger preference for same-gender friendships. Gender composition did not matter for the support levels. Emotional support was associated with psychological well-being but there were gender differences: females seemed to benefit more health-wise from having high-quality (and trusting) networks. Moreover, whereas self-disclosure among males was positively linked to well-being, this was not the case among females. None of these associations were moderated by gender composition. Conclusions: In sum, friendship networks are beneficial for the psychological well-being among late adolescents, but there are some important differences according to gender.

  • 16.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för samhälle och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Karlson, Bjorn W.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU NAL Uddevalla Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Husberg, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för samhälle och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Carlsson, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för samhälle och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Ekerstad, Niklas
    NU NAL Uddevalla Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Societal costs of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 4, s. 433-440Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aims of this study are to describe informal care activities and to estimate the societal cost of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people in Sweden. Methods: This study was performed within the frame of the TREEE project that included 408 frail elderly patients. At index hospitalisation (baseline), primary informal caregivers of the patients were provided with a questionnaire on informal care during a period of three months. Questions concerning other (secondary) informal caregivers were also included. A rough estimate of the total cost of informal care of frail elderly people in Sweden was obtained by combining data from this study with published data and official statistics. Results: In total, 176 informal caregivers responded, and 89% had provided informal care. The informal caregivers (primary and secondary) provided care for an average of 245 hours over three months. Taking care of the home was the dominating activity. In total, the mean cost of informal care was estimated to approximately 18,000 SEK (euro1878) over three months, corresponding to an annual cost of approximately 72,000 SEK (euro7477) per frail elderly person. The total annual societal costs of informal care of community dwelling frail elderly people aged 75 years and older in Sweden was estimated to be approximately 11,000 million SEK (euro1150 million). Conclusions: The care of frail elderly people provided by informal caregivers is extensive and represents a great economic value. Although our calculations are associated with uncertainty, the size indicates that supporting informal caregivers should be a priority for society.

  • 17.
    Andersén, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Socialmedicinsk epidemiologi.
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Socialmedicinsk epidemiologi.
    Pingel, Ronnie
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap.
    Kristiansson, Per
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin.
    The relationship between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies in young adults with disabilities2018Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 46, nr 2, s. 272-278Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate perceived self-efficacy in unemployed young adults with disabilities and the association between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies.

    Methods: This prospective cohort study collected data through self-report questionnaires and registry data from a vocational rehabilitation project with young adults, aged 19-29 years. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, the Swedish Public Employment Service and the participating municipalities identified potential participants to the study. A total of 531 participants were included in the study, of which 249 (47%) were available for analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were carried out to estimate the associations between self-efficacy, demographic, health and employment status. The latter was coded as: “no transition to work or studies”, “transition to studies”, and “transition to work”.

    Results: A higher level of self-efficacy was associated with increased odds for “transition to work” (OR=2.37, p<0.05). This finding remained consistent when adjusting for possible confounders. The mean value of self-efficacy was low, and participants with lower self-efficacy reported worse self-rated health (p<0.001) compared with participants with higher self-efficacy.

    Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that self-efficacy should be addressed in vocational rehabilitation of young adults with disabilities in order to support their transition and integration into the labour market.

  • 18.
    André, Malin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning Dalarna.
    Lissner, Lauren
    Bengtsson, Calle
    Hallström, Tore
    Sundh, Valter
    Björkelund, Cecilia
    Cohort differences in personality in middle-aged women during a 36-year period: Results from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg2010Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 38, nr 5, s. 457-464Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate secular trends in personality traits in adult female populations. Methods: Two representative, population-based cohorts of women, 38 (n = 318) and 50 (n = 593) years of age participated in a health examination in 1968 and 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) were used to measure personality traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables (personal income, education, marital status, children at home, physical activity and smoking) were reported. Results: In both age groups, secular comparisons in psychological profile subscales showed an increase in dominance, exhibition, aggression and achievement. Only small divergences were seen concerning affiliation, guilt feelings, nurturance and succorance. EPI showed a corresponding rise in extroversion. Social data showed a statistically significant increase in percentage of unmarried women, personal income levels, and higher educational achievement. While around 70% of women in 1968-69 had elementary school education only, around 90% had high school or university education in 2004-05. Conclusions: The results indicate major transitions in the adult Swedish female population in the direction of a more stereotypically "male'' personality profile, but not at the expense of traditionally socially important female traits, which remained constant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that society and the environment influence personality.

  • 19.
    Anne, Berman
    et al.
    Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för samhälle och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Molander, Olof
    Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden.
    Lindfors, Petra
    Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Lindner, Philip
    Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Sweden.
    Granlund, Lilian
    Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Topooco, Naira
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, Psykologi. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Engström, Karin
    Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Andersson, Claes
    Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Department of Criminology, Malmö University, Sweden.
    Compliance with recommendations limiting COVID-19 contagion among university students in Sweden: associations with self-reported symptoms, mental health and academic self-efficacy2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, nr 1, s. 70-84Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The COVID-19 containment strategy in Sweden uses public health recommendations relying on personal responsibilityfor compliance. Universities were one of few public institutions subject to strict closure, meaning that students had toadapt overnight to online teaching. This study investigates the prevalence of self-reported recommendation compliance andassociations with self-reported symptoms of contagion, self-experienced effects on mental health and academic self-efficacyamong university students in Sweden in May–June 2020. Methods: This was a cross-sectional 23 question online survey inwhich data were analysed by multinomial regression, taking a Bayesian analysis approach complemented by null hypothesistesting. Results: A total of 4495 students consented to respond. Recommendation compliance ranged between 70% and 96%.Women and older students reported higher compliance than did men and younger students. Mild to moderate COVID-19symptoms were reported by 30%, severe symptoms by fewer than 2%; 15% reported being uncertain and half of theparticipants reported no symptoms. Mental health effects were reported by over 80%, and changes in academic self-efficacywere reported by over 85%; in both these areas negative effects predominated. Self-reported symptoms and uncertaintyabout contagion were associated with non-compliance, negative mental health effects, and impaired academic self-efficacy.Conclusions: Students generally followed public health recommendations during strict closure of universities,but many reported considerable negative consequences related to mental health and academic self-efficacy.Digital interventions should be developed and evaluated to boost coping skills, build resilience and alleviatestudent suffering during the pandemic and future similar crises.

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  • 20.
    Annerbäck, Eva-Maria
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för kliniska vetenskaper. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Sahlqvist, Lota
    Centre for Clinical Research in Sörmland, Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Wingren, Gun
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för inflammationsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    A cross-sectional study of victimisation of bullying among schoolchildren in Sweden: Background factors and self-reported health complaints2014Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, nr 3, s. 270-277Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    To examine background factors for bullying and associations between bullying victimisation and health problems.

    METHODS:

    A cross-sectional study on all pupils in grades 7 and 9 in a Swedish county was conducted in 2011 (n=5248). Data have been analysed with bi- and multivariate models.

    RESULTS:

    14% of the children reported that they had been bullied during the past 2 months. Background factors for bullying were: gender (girls more often); age (younger students more often); disability/disease; high body mass index, and having parents born abroad. There were strong associations between being bullied and poor health and self-harm. Associations with poor general health for boys and girls and mental health problems for girls showed stronger associations with higher frequency of bullying than with lower. For boys, physical bullying had stronger correlations with poor general health than written-verbal bullying.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Bullying is a serious public health problem among young people and healthcare professionals have an important task in identifying exposed children. Children who are "different" are more exposed to bullying, which implies that school personnel, parents, and other adults in these children's social networks can play an important role in paying attention to and preventing the risk of bullying.

    .

  • 21.
    Annerbäck, Eva-Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD). Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin.
    Sahlqvist, Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD).
    Wingren, Gun
    A cross-sectional study of victimisation of bullying among schoolchildren in Sweden: background factors and self-reported health complaints2014Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, nr 3, s. 270-277Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To examine background factors for bullying and associations between bullying victimisation and health problems. Methods: A cross-sectional study on all pupils in grades 7 and 9 in a Swedish county was conducted in 2011 (n=5248). Data have been analysed with bi- and multivariate models. Results: 14% of the children reported that they had been bullied during the past 2 months. Background factors for bullying were: gender (girls more often); age (younger students more often); disability/disease; high body mass index, and having parents born abroad. There were strong associations between being bullied and poor health and self-harm. Associations with poor general health for boys and girls and mental health problems for girls showed stronger associations with higher frequency of bullying than with lower. For boys, physical bullying had stronger correlations with poor general health than written-verbal bullying. Conclusions: Bullying is a serious public health problem among young people and healthcare professionals have an important task in identifying exposed children. Children who are "different" are more exposed to bullying, which implies that school personnel, parents, and other adults in these children's social networks can play an important role in paying attention to and preventing the risk of bullying.

  • 22. Araghi, M.
    et al.
    Galanti, M. R.
    Lundberg, M.
    Liu, Z.
    Ye, W.
    Lager, A.
    Engström, G.
    Alfredsson, L.
    Knutsson, Anders
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap.
    Norberg, M.
    Wennberg, P.
    Lagerros, Y. T.
    Bellocco, R.
    Pedersen, N. L.
    Östergren, P.-O.
    Magnusson, C.
    No association between moist oral snuff (snus) use and oral cancer: pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 8, s. 833-840Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Worldwide, smokeless-tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Evidence regarding the particular association between Swedish snus use and oral cancer is, however, less clear. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between snus use and oral cancer. Methods: A total of 418,369 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for oral cancer incidence through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors. Results: During 9,201,647 person-years of observation, 628 men developed oral cancer. Compared to never-snus use, ever-snus use was not associated with oral cancer (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.09). There were no clear trends in risk with duration or intensity of snus use, although lower intensity use (â©œ 4 cans/week) was associated with a reduced risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94). Snus use was not associated with oral cancer among never smokers (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32). Conclusions: Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of oral cancer in men. 

  • 23. Araghi, Marzieh
    et al.
    Galanti, Maria Rosaria
    Lundberg, Michael
    Liu, Zhiwei
    Ye, Weimin
    Lager, Anton
    Engström, Gunnar
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Knutsson, Anders
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för medicin.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Lagerros, Ylva Trolle
    Bellocco, Rino
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Östergren, Per-Olof
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    No association between moist oral snuff (snus) use and oral cancer: pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 8, s. 833-840Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Worldwide, smokeless-tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Evidence regarding the particular association between Swedish snus use and oral cancer is, however, less clear. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between snus use and oral cancer.

    Methods: A total of 418,369 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for oral cancer incidence through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors.

    Results: During 9,201,647 person-years of observation, 628 men developed oral cancer. Compared to never-snus use, ever-snus use was not associated with oral cancer (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.09). There were no clear trends in risk with duration or intensity of snus use, although lower intensity use (<= 4 cans/week) was associated with a reduced risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94). Snus use was not associated with oral cancer among never smokers (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32).

    Conclusions: Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of oral cancer in men.

  • 24.
    Araghi, Marzieh
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Galanti, Maria Rosaria
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council.
    Lundberg, Michael
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Liu, Zhiwei
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Ye, Weimin
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Lager, Anton
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council.
    Engström, Gunnar
    Lund University.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Skåne University Hospital Malmö.
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Knutsson, Anders
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå University.
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå University.
    Gylling, Björn
    Umeå University.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University.
    Lagerros, Ylva Trolle
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge.
    Bellocco, Rino
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Östergren, Per-Olof
    Lund University.
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council.
    Smokeless tobacco (snus) use and colorectal cancer incidence and survival: Results from nine pooled cohorts2017Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 45, nr 8, s. 741-748Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Although smoking is considered to be an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the current evidence on the association between smokeless tobacco and colorectal cancer is scant and inconclusive. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess this association. Methods: A total of 417,872 male participants from nine cohort studies across Sweden were followed up for incidence of colorectal cancer and death. Outcomes were ascertained through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During 7,135,504 person-years of observation, 4170 men developed colorectal cancer. There was no clear association between snus use and colorectal cancer overall. Exclusive current snus users, however, had an increased risk of rectal cancer (HR 1.40: 95% CI 1.09, 1.79). There were no statistically significant associations between snus use and either all-cause or colorectal cancer-specific mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Conclusions: Our findings, from a large sample, do not support any strong relationships between snus use and colorectal cancer risk and survival among men. However, the observed increased risk of rectal cancer is noteworthy, and in merit of further attention. 

  • 25. Araghi, Marzieh
    et al.
    Galanti, Maria Rosaria
    Lundberg, Michael
    Liu, Zhiwei
    Ye, Weimin
    Lager, Anton
    Engström, Gunnar
    Manjer, Jonas
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Knutsson, Anders
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Patologi.
    Gylling, Björn
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Patologi.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Lagerros, Ylva Trolle
    Bellocco, Rino
    Pedersen, Nancy L
    Östergren, Per-Olof
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Smokeless tobacco (snus) use and colorectal cancer incidence and survival: Results from nine pooled cohorts2017Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 45, nr 8, s. 741-748Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: Although smoking is considered to be an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the current evidence on the association between smokeless tobacco and colorectal cancer is scant and inconclusive. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess this association.

    METHODS: A total of 417,872 male participants from nine cohort studies across Sweden were followed up for incidence of colorectal cancer and death. Outcomes were ascertained through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    RESULTS: During 7,135,504 person-years of observation, 4170 men developed colorectal cancer. There was no clear association between snus use and colorectal cancer overall. Exclusive current snus users, however, had an increased risk of rectal cancer (HR 1.40: 95% CI 1.09, 1.79). There were no statistically significant associations between snus use and either all-cause or colorectal cancer-specific mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, from a large sample, do not support any strong relationships between snus use and colorectal cancer risk and survival among men. However, the observed increased risk of rectal cancer is noteworthy, and in merit of further attention.

  • 26.
    Arat, Arzu
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Solna, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Norredam, Marie
    Univ Copenhagen, Danish Res Ctr Migrat Ethn & Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Baum, Ulrike
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Publ Hlth Solut, Helsinki, Finland..
    Jonsson, Stefan Hrafn
    Univ Iceland, Fac Sociol Anthropol & Folklorist, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Gunlaugsson, Geir
    Univ Iceland, Fac Sociol Anthropol & Folklorist, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Wallby, Thomas
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), Pediatrisk inflammations- och metabolismforskning samt barnhälsa.
    Hjern, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Solna, Sweden.;Sachsska Childrens Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hlth Equ Studies, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Organisation of preventive child health services: Key to socio-economic equity in vaccine uptake?2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 5, s. 491-494Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:Measles has made a comeback in Western Europe, with more cases being reported each year. One factor behind this development is low vaccination coverage in socially disadvantaged segments of the population in many countries. This study investigates whether socioeconomic patterns of uptake of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the Nordic countries differ by national organisation of preventive health services for children.Methods: MMR vaccine uptake before the age of two years was analysed in register data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, linked to family indicators of socio-economic status (SES) from national registers.Results: Denmark, a country where child vaccinations are administered by general practitioners, presented the lowest overall coverage of MMR at 83%. It also had the greatest difference between subpopulations of low and high SES at 14 percentage points. Finland, Iceland and Sweden, countries where preschool children are vaccinated in 'well-baby' clinics, had a higher overall coverage at 91-94%, with a more equal distribution between SES groups at 1-4 percentage points.Conclusions: This study suggests that the organisation of preventive health care in special units, 'well-baby' clinics, facilitates vaccine uptake among children with low SES in a Nordic welfare context.

  • 27.
    Arat, Arzu
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS). Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Norredam, Marie
    Baum, Ulrike
    Jónsson, Stefán Hrafn
    Gunlaugsson, Geir
    Wallby, Thomas
    Hjern, Anders
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS). Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Sachsska Children’s Hospital, Sweden.
    Organisation of preventive child health services: Key to socio-economic equity in vaccine uptake?2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 5, s. 491-494Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Measles has made a comeback in Western Europe, with more cases being reported each year. One factor behind this development is low vaccination coverage in socially disadvantaged segments of the population in many countries. This study investigates whether socioeconomic patterns of uptake of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the Nordic countries differ by national organisation of preventive health services for children. METHODS: MMR vaccine uptake before the age of two years was analysed in register data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, linked to family indicators of socio-economic status (SES) from national registers. RESULTS: Denmark, a country where child vaccinations are administered by general practitioners, presented the lowest overall coverage of MMR at 83%. It also had the greatest difference between subpopulations of low and high SES at 14 percentage points. Finland, Iceland and Sweden, countries where preschool children are vaccinated in 'well-baby' clinics, had a higher overall coverage at 91-94%, with a more equal distribution between SES groups at 1-4 percentage points. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the organisation of preventive health care in special units, 'well-baby' clinics, facilitates vaccine uptake among children with low SES in a Nordic welfare context.

  • 28.
    Arnadottir, Solveig A
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Gunnarsdottir, Elin D
    Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Are rural older Icelanders less physically active than those living in urban areas?: a population-based study2009Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 37, nr 4, s. 409-417Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Older people in rural areas have been labelled as physically inactive on the basis of leisure-time physical activity research. However, more research is needed to understand the total physical activity pattern in older adults, considering all domains of physical activity, including leisure, work, and domestic life. AIMS: We hypothesised that: (a) total physical activity would be the same for older people in urban and rural areas; and (b) urban and rural residency, along with gender and age, would be associated with differences in domain-specific physical activities. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in Icelandic rural and urban communities from June through to September 2004. Participants were randomly selected, community-dwelling, 65-88 years old, and comprised 68 rural (40% females) and 118 urban (53% females) adults. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to obtain a total physical activity score and subscores in leisure, during domestic life, and at work. RESULTS: The total PASE score was not associated with rural vs. urban residency, but males were, in total, more physically active than females, and the 65-74-year-olds were more active than the 75-88-year-olds. In the leisure domain, rural people had lower physical activity scores than urban people. Rural males were, however, most likely of all to be physically active in the work domain. In both urban and rural areas, the majority of the physical activity behaviour occurred in relation to housework, with the rural females receiving the highest scores. CONCLUSIONS: Older Icelanders in rural areas should not be labelled as less physically active than those who live in urban areas. Urban vs. rural living may, however, influence the physical activity patterns among older people, even within a fairly socioeconomically and culturally homogeneous country such as Iceland. This reinforces the need to pay closer attention to the living environment when studying and developing strategies to promote physical activity.

  • 29.
    Arnarsson, Arsaell
    et al.
    Iceland.
    Nygren, Jens
    Halmstad University.
    Nyholm, Maria
    Halmstad University.
    Torsheim, Torbjorn
    Norway.
    Augustine, Lilly
    Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för hälsovetenskap, Forskningsmiljön Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO). Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, Avdelningen för psykologi.
    Bjereld, Ylva
    University of Gothenburg.
    Markkanen, Ilona
    Finland.
    Schnohr, Christina W
    Denmark.
    Rasmussen, Mette
    Denmark.
    Nielsen, Line
    Denmark.
    Bendtsen, Pernille
    Denmark.
    Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 5, s. 502-510Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other.

    METHODS: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied.

    CONCLUSIONS: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.

  • 30.
    Arnarsson, Arsaell
    et al.
    University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Nygren, Jens
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Nyholm, Maria
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Torsheim, Torbjorn
    University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Augustine, Lilly
    University of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden.
    Bjereld, Ylva
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Markkanen, Ilona
    University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
    Schnohr, Christina w.
    University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Rasmussen, Mette
    University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Nielsen, Line
    University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Bendtsen, Pernille
    University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 5, s. 502-510Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.

  • 31.
    Arnarsson, Arsaell
    et al.
    Iceland.
    Nygren, Jens
    Halmstad University.
    Nyholm, Maria
    Halmstad University.
    Torsheim, Torbjorn
    Norway.
    Augustine, Lilly
    Högskolan Kristianstad, Forskningsmiljön Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO).
    Bjereld, Ylva
    University of Gothenburg.
    Markkanen, Ilona
    Finland.
    Schnohr, Christina W
    Denmark.
    Rasmussen, Mette
    Denmark.
    Nielsen, Line
    Denmark.
    Bendtsen, Pernille
    Denmark.
    Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction2020Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, nr 5, s. 502-510Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other.

    METHODS: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied.

    CONCLUSIONS: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.

  • 32.
    Aronsson, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Husberg, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Kalkan, Almina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Eckard, Nathalie
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Alwin, Jenny
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Differences between hypothetical and experience-based value sets for EQ-5D used in Sweden: Implications for decision makers2015Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 8, s. 848-854Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: A number of value sets are available today for converting EQ-5D questionnaire responses to quality-adjusted life year-weights used in health economic evaluations. The aim of this study is to analyse the differences between the commonly used hypothetical UK value set and the newly introduced Swedish experience-based value set and to evaluate health economic implications of such differences on policy decisions. Methods: Differences between the two value sets were studied using two methods: a comparison of health states and improvements as well as an empirical comparison. In the comparison of health states and improvements, the valuations of all EQ-5D states and all pure improvements were compared. In the empirical study, a database of 23,925 individuals was used to identify patient groups that could be affected by the implementation of the Swedish experience-based value set. Results: The comparison of health states and possible improvements showed that only three health states were assigned a lower quality-adjusted life year-weight and most improvements were given smaller absolute values if the experience-based value set was used. The empirical comparison showed that severe conditions were assigned higher values when using the experience-based value set. Conclusions: The Swedish experience-based value set seems to render a higher estimated level of health-related quality of life in virtually all health conditions compared to the hypothetical UK value set. In extension, health-related quality of life enhancing interventions are likely to be given higher priority in decision-making situations where hypothetical values are used to construct quality-adjusted life year-weights. In situations where experience-based quality-adjusted life year-weights are used, life-prolonging interventions would be prioritised.

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  • 33.
    Aronsson, Vanda
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet. Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap.
    Toivanen, Susanna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Nyberg, Anna
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Stressforskningsinstitutet.
    Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations? Evidence from a Swedish national cohort2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 47, nr 3, s. 310-317Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in burnout, self-rated health (SRH) and sickness absence between human service occupations (HSOs) and other occupations, and whether they can be attributed to differences in psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. Methods: Data were derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, an approximately representative sample of the Swedish working population (n = 4408). Employment in HSOs, psychosocial work environment and organizational resources in 2012 predicted relative risks of sickness absence, burnout and suboptimal SRH in 2014 using modified Poisson regressions. The psychosocial work factors' and organizational resource variables' relative importance were estimated by adding them to the models one by one, and with population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results: Employment in HSOs was associated with a higher risk of sickness absence and the risk was explained by psychosocial and organizational factors, particularly high emotional demands, low work-time control and exposure to workplace violence. Employment in HSOs was not associated with burnout after sociodemographic factors were adjusted for, and furthermore not with SRH. A lower risk of suboptimal SRH was found in HSOs than in other occupations with equivalent psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. PAFs indicated that psychosocial work environment and organizational resource improvements could lead to morbidity reductions for all outcomes; emotional demands were more important in HSOs. Conclusions: HSOs had higher risks of sickness absence and burnout than other occupations. The most important work factors to address were high emotional demands, low work-time control, and exposure to workplace violence.

  • 34.
    Aronsson, Vanda
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ.
    Toivanen, Susanna
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, Hälsa och välfärd. Stockholm Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nyberg, Anna
    Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations?: Evidence from a Swedish national cohort2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 47, nr 3, s. 310-317Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in burnout, self-rated health (SRH) and sickness absence between human service occupations (HSOs) and other occupations, and whether they can be attributed to differences in psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. Methods: Data were derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, an approximately representative sample of the Swedish working population (n = 4408). Employment in HSOs, psychosocial work environment and organizational resources in 2012 predicted relative risks of sickness absence, burnout and suboptimal SRH in 2014 using modified Poisson regressions. The psychosocial work factors' and organizational resource variables' relative importance were estimated by adding them to the models one by one, and with population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results: Employment in HSOs was associated with a higher risk of sickness absence and the risk was explained by psychosocial and organizational factors, particularly high emotional demands, low work-time control and exposure to workplace violence. Employment in HSOs was not associated with burnout after sociodemographic factors were adjusted for, and furthermore not with SRH. A lower risk of suboptimal SRH was found in HSOs than in other occupations with equivalent psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. PAFs indicated that psychosocial work environment and organizational resource improvements could lead to morbidity reductions for all outcomes; emotional demands were more important in HSOs. Conclusions: HSOs had higher risks of sickness absence and burnout than other occupations. The most important work factors to address were high emotional demands, low work-time control, and exposure to workplace violence.

  • 35.
    Aspberg, Sara
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Stenestrand, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken US.
    Koster, Max
    National Board Health and Welf, Sweden .
    Kahan, Thomas
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Large differences between patients with acute myocardial infarction included in two Swedish health registers2013Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 41, nr 6, s. 637-643Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality in Sweden. We aimed to compare patients with an acute MI included in the Register of information and knowledge about Swedish heart intensive care admissions (RIKS-HIA, now included in the register Swedeheart) and in the Swedish statistics of acute myocardial infarctions (S-AMI). Methods: Population based register study including RIKS-HIA, S-AMI, the National patient register and the Cause of death register. Odds ratios were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: From 2001 to 2007, 114,311 cases in RIKS-HIA and 198,693 cases in S-AMI were included with a discharge diagnosis of an acute MI. Linkage was possible for 110,958 cases. These cases were younger, more often males, had fewer concomitant diseases and were more often treated with invasive coronary artery procedures than patients included in S-AMI only. There were substantial regional differences in proportions of patients reported to RIKS-HIA. Conclusions: Approximately half of all patients with an acute MI were included in RIKS-HIA. They represented a relatively more healthy population than patients included in S-AMI only. S-AMI covered almost all patients with an acute MI but had limited information about the patients. Used in combination, these two registers can give better prerequisites for improved quality of care of all patients with acute coronary syndromes.

  • 36. Auguer, Nathalie
    et al.
    Le Serbon, Emelie
    Rostila, Mikael
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Sociologiska institutionen.
    Leaving Sweden behind: gains in life expectancy in Canada2015Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 43, nr 4, s. 340-347Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Sweden and Canada are known for quality of living and exceedingly high life expectancy, but recent data on how these countries compare are lacking. We measured life expectancy in Canada and Sweden during the past decade, and identified factors responsible for changes over time. Methods: We calculated life expectancy at birth for Canada and Sweden annually from 2000 to 2010, and determined the ages and causes of death responsible for the gap between the two countries using Arriaga's method. We determined how population growth, ageing, and mortality influenced the number of deaths over time. Results: During 2000-2010, life expectancy in Canada caught up with Sweden for men, and surpassed Sweden by 0.4 years for women. Sweden lost ground owing to a slower reduction in circulatory and tumour mortality after age 65 years compared with Canada. Nonetheless, population ageing increased the number of deaths in Canada, especially for mental and nervous system disorders. In Sweden, the number of deaths decreased. Conclusions: In only one decade, life expectancy in Canada caught up and surpassed Sweden due to rapid improvements in circulatory and tumour mortality. Population ageing increased the number of deaths in Canada, potentially stressing the health care system more than in Sweden.

  • 37.
    Augustsson, Erika
    et al.
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Von Saenger, Isabelle
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Agahi, Neda
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Kåreholt, Ingemar
    Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi. Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Ericsson, Malin
    Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adults aged 77 years and older: Age differences in lifestyle changes2023Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 51, nr 5, s. 764-768Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: This study aimed to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and social activities among older adults in Sweden, with a special focus on differences between the ‘younger old’ (aged 77–84) and ‘older old’ (aged 85–109).

    Methods: This study is based on a nationally representative sample of older adults (aged ⩾77 years) in Sweden (SWEOLD). Data were collected between May 2021 and April 2022, when many recommendations were removed but the virus was still classified as a public health disease. We studied occurrences and differences between the two age groups in several lifestyle factors and social activities.

    Results: The younger old displayed larger changes in lifestyles because of the pandemic than the older old. Most changes were found in social interactions with family.

    Conclusions: Our results highlight the large heterogeneity within the Swedish population aged ⩾77 years, and that the younger old experienced a bigger lifestyle change than the older old. Previous activity levels might be important to consider in order to understand how regulations may affect the older population. Finally, our findings indicate large age differences in Internet use, which require attention to prevent digital exclusion of an already vulnerable group.

  • 38.
    Aunan, Kristin
    et al.
    CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway.
    Orru, Hans
    Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
    Sjödin, Henrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Perspectives on connecting climate change and health2024Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past century, the Earth’s climate has undergone rapid and unprecedented changes, manifested in a noticeable increase in average global temperature. This has led to shifts in precipitation patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events (e.g. hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts and floods), alterations in ecosystems, and rising sea levels, impacting both natural environments and human societies, health and wellbeing. Without deep and urgent emission cuts and effective adaptation, the toll of climate change on human health and wellbeing is likely to grow. Here, we address the complex relationship between climate change and health, and discuss ways forward for transdisciplinary research and collaboration that can motivate more ambitious mitigation policies and help develop solutions to adapt to the crisis.

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  • 39. Axelsen, Mette
    et al.
    Danielsson, Maria
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa.
    Sjöberg, Agneta
    Eating habits and physical activity: Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 82012Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 40, nr 9 Suppl, s. 164-175Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Although eating habits in Sweden have largely deteriorated since 1980, some improvements have been observed in the most recent years. Between 1980 and 2010, the consumption of sweets rose from 10 to 15 kilos per person per year, while consumption of soft drinks increased from 30 to 90 litres. The average amount of energy consumed rose by 11 per cent, probably contributing to an increase in the number of overweight people.

    Moreover, our energy intake is almost 10 per cent higher compared to 1980. Protein intake has shown a particularly stable rise. Swedes continue to eat too little fruit, vegetables and fish, according to the Swedish National Food Agency’s dietary recommendations. Fewer than one person in ten eats fruit and vegetables five times a day. Women have better eating habits than men, well-educated people have better eating habits than the less well-educated, and male workers on low incomes eat the least amount of fruit and vegetables.

    The eating habits of children have improved in recent years. More children eat fruit and vegetables, and the consumption of soft drinks and sweets declined markedly between 2001 and 2005. However, children continue to consume excessive amounts of sweets, soft drinks, ice cream, snacks and pastry. On average, children drank 2 decilitres of soft/fruit drinks a day and ate 1.5 hectograms of sweets a week in 2003. Children who regularly eat breakfast often have better eating habits than other young people.

    The desire to lose weight is fairly prevalent. Just over half the adult population have tried to lose weight or plan to do so. Nowadays, there are a number of methods for losing weight, and the debate between those who are for or against fat in the diet has become polarised. Most of these methods, however, involve increasing one’s consumption of vegetables, fruit and pulses and lowering one’s consumption of chocolate, sweets, soft drinks and snacks.

    Physical activity has many positive effects on health and helps prevent the most common diseases. People who are least fit have the most to gain in terms of improved health by increasing their physical activity.

    Physical inactivity during leisure time is more widespread among men than women. It is three times more common among women and men born outside Europe than among native-born Swedes. Physical inactivity has become less common among women in all socioeconomic groups according to the Survey of Living Conditions. In the case of men physical inactivity has only decreased among upper-level white-collar employees. Several other studies show no appreciable improvement, inactivity during leisure time is just as common today as it was 20 years ago.

    Approximately two-thirds of adults are physically active for at least half an hour every day. The level of activity may be described as at least moderate, thus fulfilling the minimum recommended physical activity requirement. According to the Västerbotten Health Studies, the proportion of the population who are moderately active has declined in recent years. On the other hand, the amount of intense physical activity has risen, particularly among women. A higher level of physical activity is recommended for children and young people. However, this recommendation is only met by 10–20 per cent of children in Sweden, a lower figure than in most other European countries.

  • 40.
    Backe, Stefan
    et al.
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, Avdelningen för hälsa och miljö.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, Avdelningen för hälsa och miljö.
    Monitoring the "tip of the iceberg": Ambulance records as a source of injury surveillance2008Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 250-257Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of moderate and severe injury morbidity in a defined population based on ambulance records, and to validate ambulance records as a potential source of surveillance.Methods: A geographical target area was defined; the county of Värmland, Sweden. All ambulance attendances and hospitalisations for unintentional and intentional injury in 2002 were selected, analysed and compared.Results: Ambulance data comprised 3964 injury cases (14.5/1000). Most injuries for which ambulance attention was sought occurred in road traffic areas (27 %), followed by residential areas (20 %), school and institutional areas (14 %) and sports areas (8 %). An ecological comparison between ambulance based data and hospitalisations showed that ambulance services captured approximately the same amount of injury cases (3235 ambulance reports compared to 3456 hospital discharges) with a similar profile.Conclusions: This study provides epidemiological support for ambulance services as a potential source of regular surveillance data on moderate and severe injuries. However, at a population level, our results indicate that ambulance data tend to overestimate some injury categories, and underestimate others, compared to hospital data. The significance of these differences for preventive work, as well as other practical aspects of the feasibility for regular injury surveillance will be analysed and discussed on the basis of general criteria for evaluation of surveillance systems in a forthcoming paper.

  • 41.
    Backe, Stefan N.
    et al.
    Division of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    Division of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Monitoring the "tip of the iceberg": Ambulance records as a source of injury surveillance2008Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 250-257Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of moderate and severe injury morbidity in a defined population on the basis of ambulance records, and to validate ambulance records as a potential source of surveillance. Methods: A geographical target area was defined; the county of Värmland, Sweden. All ambulance attendances and hospitalizations for unintentional and intentional injury in 2002 were selected, analysed, and compared. Results: Ambulance data comprised 3,964 injury cases (14.5/1,000). Most injuries for which ambulance attention was sought occurred in road traffic areas (27%), followed by residential areas (20%), school and institutional areas (14%), and sports areas (8%). An ecological comparison between ambulance-based data and hospitalizations showed that ambulance services captured approximately the same amount of injury cases (3,235 ambulance reports, as compared to 3,456 hospital discharges) with a similar profile. Conclusions: This study provides epidemiological support for ambulance services as a potential source of regular surveillance data on moderate and severe injuries. However, at a population level, our results indicate that ambulance data tend to overestimate some injury categories, and underestimate others, as compared to hospital data. The significance of these differences for preventive work, as well as other practical aspects of the feasibility of regular injury surveillance, will be analysed and discussed on the basis of general criteria for evaluation of surveillance systems in a forthcoming paper.

  • 42.
    Barclay, Kieron J.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Sociologiska institutionen.
    Scot, Kirk
    Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Sociologiska institutionen. Lund University, Sweden.
    Workplace sex composition and ischaemic heart disease: A longitudinal analysis using Swedish register data2014Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, nr 6, s. 525-533Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aim of this study is to follow-up on previous research indicating that the sex composition of workplaces is related to a number of health outcomes, including sickness absenteeism and mortality. We test two hypotheses. The first is Kanter's theory of tokenism, which suggests that minority group members suffer from an increased risk of stress. Secondly, we test the hypothesis that workplaces with a higher proportion of men will have a higher incidence rate of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), as men are more likely to engage in negative health behaviours, and through peer effects this will result in a workplace culture that is detrimental to health over the long term. Methods: Large-scale, longitudinal Swedish administrative register data are used to study the risk of overnight hospitalization for IHD amongst 67,763 men over the period 1990 to 2001. Discrete-time survival analyses were estimated in the form of logistic regression models. Results: Men have an elevated risk of suffering from IHD in non-gender-balanced workplaces, but this association was only statistically significant in workplaces with 61-80% and 81-100% males. However, after adjusting for occupation no clear pattern of association could be discerned. No pattern of association was observed for women. Conclusions: This study suggests that the gender composition of workplaces is not strongly associated with the risk of suffering from IHD.

  • 43.
    Baxter, Rebecca
    et al.
    Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden.
    Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Sweden.
    Li, Xia
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Naseer, Mahwish
    School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Sweden; Ageing Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Pauelsen, Mascha
    Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Shebehe, Jacques
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper.
    Viklund, Emilia W.E.
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
    Xia, Xin
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Zulka, Linn Elena
    Department of Psychology, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Badache, Andreea
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper. Swedish Institute of Disability Research.
    COVID-19: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research to improve care for older people in Sweden2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 1, s. 29-32Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it, arguably none more so than for older people. In Sweden, the majority of COVID-19-related fatalities have been among people aged ⩾70 years, many of whom were receiving health and social care services. The pandemic has illuminated aspects within the care continuum requiring evaluative research, such as decision-making processes, the structure and organisation of care, and interventions within the complex public-health system. This short communication highlights several key areas for future interdisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaboration to improve health and social care services in Sweden. It also underlines that a valid, reliable and experiential evidence base is the sine qua non for evaluative research and effective public-health systems.

  • 44.
    Baxter, Rebecca
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för omvårdnad.
    Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för socialt arbete. Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Enheten för demografi och åldrandeforskning (CEDAR).
    Li, Xia
    Naseer, Mahwish
    Pauelsen, Mascha
    Shebehe, Jacques
    Viklund, Emilia W.E.
    Xia, Xin
    Zulka, Linn Elena
    Badache, Andreea
    COVID-19: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research to improve care for older people in Sweden2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 1, s. 29-32Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it, arguably none more so than for older people. In Sweden, the majority of COVID-19-related fatalities have been among people aged ⩾70 years, many of whom were receiving health and social care services. The pandemic has illuminated aspects within the care continuum requiring evaluative research, such as decision-making processes, the structure and organisation of care, and interventions within the complex public-health system. This short communication highlights several key areas for future interdisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaboration to improve health and social care services in Sweden. It also underlines that a valid, reliable and experiential evidence base is the sine qua non for evaluative research and effective public-health systems.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Baxter, Rebecca
    et al.
    Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden.
    Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane
    Department of Social Work, Umeå University, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Sweden.
    Li, Xia
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Naseer, Mahwish
    School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Sweden; Ageing Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Pauelsen, Mascha
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, Hälsa, medicin och rehabilitering.
    Shebehe, Jacques
    Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Viklund, Emilia W.E.
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
    Xia, Xin
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Zulka, Linn Elena
    Department of Psychology, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Badache, Andreea
    Department of Disability Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Swedish Institute of Disability Research, Örebro University, Sweden.
    COVID-19: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research to improve care for older people in Sweden2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 1, s. 29-32Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it, arguably none more so than for older people. In Sweden, the majority of COVID-19-related fatalities have been among people aged ⩾70 years, many of whom were receiving health and social care services. The pandemic has illuminated aspects within the care continuum requiring evaluative research, such as decision-making processes, the structure and organisation of care, and interventions within the complex public-health system. This short communication highlights several key areas for future interdisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaboration to improve health and social care services in Sweden. It also underlines that a valid, reliable and experiential evidence base is the sine qua non for evaluative research and effective public-health systems.

  • 46. Baxter, Rebecca
    et al.
    Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane
    Li, Xia
    Naseer, Mahwish
    Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för hälsa och välfärd, Socialt arbete.
    Pauelsen, Mascha
    Shebehe, Jacques
    Viklund, Emilia
    Xia, Xin
    Elena Zulka, Linn
    Badache, Andreea
    COVID-19: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research to improve care for older people in Sweden2021Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, nr 1, s. 29-32Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the world as we know it, arguably none more so than for older people. In Sweden, the majority of COVID-19-related fatalities have been among people aged ⩾70 years, many of whom were receiving health and social care services. The pandemic has illuminated aspects within the care continuum requiring evaluative research, such as decision-making processes, the structure and organisation of care, and interventions within the complex public-health system. This short communication highlights several key areas for future interdisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaboration to improve health and social care services in Sweden. It also underlines that a valid, reliable and experiential evidence base is the sine qua non for evaluative research and effective public-health systems.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 47.
    Bengtsson, Dennis
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad.
    Landberg, Åsa
    Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstads universitet.
    Increased risk of child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents with restrictions regarding choice of future partner: Results from a Swedish school-based survey2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, nr 8, s. 1133-1139Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Honour-related violence and oppression is a violation of human rights and a public health problem. Oppressioncan be manifested by not being allowed to choose future partners and can increase the risk of abuse and mental healthproblems.

    Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between restrictions regarding choice of future partner(RCP), child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents in Sweden.

    Methods: The study was based oncross-sectional data, including a nationally representative sample of 4741 pupils from grade nine in primary school and secondyear in high school. Pearson’s chi-square tests and binary logistical regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographicfactors were conducted.

    Results: RCP was significantly associated to child maltreatment, including poly-victimisation, andmental health problems. In the adjusted analysis, an increased risk for all types of maltreatment, poly-victimisation (adjustedodds ratio (aOR) 10.2, confidence interval (CI) 5.6–18.4), self-harm (aOR 1.9, CI 1.1–3.2) and suicide attempt (aOR 2.4,CI 1.3–4.7) were shown in adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed.

    Conclusions: There is an increasedrisk of child maltreatment including poly-victimisation and mental health problems among adolescents exposedto RCP compared to non-exposed. The study emphasizes the matter as a public health problem requiringimmediate preventive measures to ensure the rights of children and adolescents.

  • 48.
    Bengtsson, Dennis
    et al.
    Halmstad University.
    Landberg, Åsa
    Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper (from 2013).
    Increased risk of child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents with restrictions regarding choice of future partner: Results from a Swedish school-based survey2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, nr 8, s. 1071-1220Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Honour-related violence and oppression is a violation of human rights and a public health problem. Oppression can be manifested by not being allowed to choose future partners and can increase the risk of abuse and mental health problems. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between restrictions regarding choice of future partner (RCP), child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents in Sweden. Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional data, including a nationally representative sample of 4741 pupils from grade nine in primary school and second year in high school. Pearson's chi-square tests and binary logistical regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographic factors were conducted. Results: RCP was significantly associated to child maltreatment, including poly-victimisation, and mental health problems. In the adjusted analysis, an increased risk for all types of maltreatment, poly-victimisation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 10.2, confidence interval (CI) 5.6-18.4), self-harm (aOR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.2) and suicide attempt (aOR 2.4, CI 1.3-4.7) were shown in adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of child maltreatment including poly-victimisation and mental health problems among adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. The study emphasizes the matter as a public health problem requiring immediate preventive measures to ensure the rights of children and adolescents.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Bengtsson, Dennis
    et al.
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, Centrum för forskning om välfärd, hälsa och idrott (CVHI).
    Landberg, Åsa
    Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jernbro, Carolina
    Karlstads University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Increased risk of child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents with restrictions regarding choice of future partner: Results from a Swedish school-based survey2022Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, nr 8, s. 1133-1139Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Honour-related violence and oppression is a violation of human rights and a public health problem. Oppression can be manifested by not being allowed to choose future partners and can increase the risk of abuse and mental health problems. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between restrictions regarding choice of future partner (RCP), child maltreatment and mental health problems among adolescents in Sweden. Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional data, including a nationally representative sample of 4741 pupils from grade nine in primary school and second year in high school. Pearson’s chi-square tests and binary logistical regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographic factors were conducted. Results: RCP was significantly associated to child maltreatment, including poly-victimisation, and mental health problems. In the adjusted analysis, an increased risk for all types of maltreatment, poly-victimisation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 10.2, confidence interval (CI) 5.6–18.4), self-harm (aOR 1.9, CI 1.1–3.2) and suicide attempt (aOR 2.4, CI 1.3–4.7) were shown in adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of child maltreatment including poly-victimisation and mental health problems among adolescents exposed to RCP compared to non-exposed. The study emphasizes the matter as a public health problem requiring immediate preventive measures to ensure the rights of children and adolescents. © Author(s) 2021

  • 50.
    Berg, Noora J.
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Livsstil och rehabilitering vid långvarig sjukdom. Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland.
    Kiviruusu, Olli H.
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland.
    Lintonen, Tomi P.
    Finnish Fdn Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland;Univ Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
    Huurre, Taina M.
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland.
    Longitudinal prospective associations between psychological symptoms and heavy episodic drinking from adolescence to midlife2019Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 47, nr 4, s. 420-427Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study examined whether development of psychological symptoms (PS) differed between persons with different longitudinal profiles of heavy episodic drinking (HED) from adolescence to midlife. In addition, the reciprocal associations between PS and HED were studied. Methods: Participants of a Finnish cohort study in 1983 at age 16 (N = 2194) were followed up at ages 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), and 42 (N = 1334). HED was assessed with frequency of intoxication (16-22 years) and having six or more drinks in a session (32-42 years). Using latent class analysis, the participants were allocated to steady high, increased, moderate, and steady low groups according to their longitudinal profiles of HED. The PS scale (16-42 years) covered five mental complaints. The latent growth curve of PS was estimated in the HED groups for comparisons. In addition, the prospective associations between symptoms and HED were examined using cross-lagged autoregressive models. Results: PS grew from 16 to 32 years, but declined after that, with women having higher level of PS than men. PS trajectory followed a path at highest and lowest level in the steady high and steady low HED groups, respectively. Symptoms predicted later HED, but the association in the opposite direction was not found. Conclusions: The more the HED trajectory indicated frequent HED, the higher was the level of PS throughout the follow-up. Results support the self-medication hypothesis, suggesting that alcohol is used to ease the burden of PS. More attention should be paid to alcohol use of people with mental symptoms in health services.

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