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  • 1. Bjorkkvist, Johan E
    et al.
    Peterson, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD). Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Ultrasound Investigation of Dorsal Neck Muscle Deformation During a Neck Rotation Exercise2020In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 43, no 9, p. 864-873Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Neck-specific exercise can reduce neck pain and increase function, but information on how different neck muscle layers are activated during neck exercises is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate deformation and deformation rate in 5 dorsal neck muscles and the correlation among these muscles during a loaded dynamic exercise used in clinical practice.

    METHODS: Deformation and deformation rate were investigated in 5 dorsal right-sided neck muscles in 20 individuals without neck pain using ultrasonography and speckle-tracking analyses. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to measure differences between the muscles, and correlations between neck muscles were analyzed with Kendall's tau.

    RESULTS: Deformation in left (contralateral) rotation showed significant differences among the muscles (P = .01), with higher deformation of the semispinalis capitis muscle compared with the trapezius muscle (P = .02). There were no significant differences among the 5 neck muscles in right (unilateral) rotation (P = .46). There were significant differences in deformation rate among muscles in both right and left rotation (P < .01). The trapezius muscles have the lowest deformation rate in right rotation (P < .01). In left rotation, the trapezius and multifidus muscles showed lower deformation rates compared with most of the other muscles (P < .03). Almost all muscles were correlated in both deformation and deformation rate.

    CONCLUSION: The quadruped standing loaded dynamic neck exercise seemed to activate all the investigated neck muscles, with a tendency for more activation of the semispinalis capitis.

  • 2.
    Bjorkkvist, Johan E.
    et al.
    Eskilstuna Fysioctr, Sweden.
    Peterson, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Ultrasound Investigation of Dorsal Neck Muscle Deformation During a Neck Rotation Exercise2020In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 43, no 9, p. 864-873Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Neck-specific exercise can reduce neck pain and increase function, but information on how different neck muscle layers are activated during neck exercises is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate deformation and deformation rate in 5 dorsal neck muscles and the correlation among these muscles during a loaded dynamic exercise used in clinical practice. Methods: Deformation and deformation rate were investigated in 5 dorsal right-sided neck muscles in 20 individuals without neck pain using ultrasonography and speckle-tracking analyses. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to measure differences between the muscles, and correlations between neck muscles were analyzed with Kendalls tau. Results: Deformation in left (contralateral) rotation showed significant differences among the muscles (P = .01), with higher deformation of the semispinalis capitis muscle compared with the trapezius muscle (P = .02). There were no significant differences among the 5 neck muscles in right (unilateral) rotation (P = .46). There were significant differences in deformation rate among muscles in both right and left rotation (P &lt; .01). The trapezius muscles have the lowest deformation rate in right rotation (P &lt; .01). In left rotation, the trapezius and multifidus muscles showed lower deformation rates compared with most of the other muscles (P &lt; .03). Almost all muscles were correlated in both deformation and deformation rate. Conclusion: The quadruped standing loaded dynamic neck exercise seemed to activate all the investigated neck muscles, with a tendency for more activation of the semispinalis capitis.

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  • 3.
    Ferreira, Mariana Candido
    et al.
    Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus. School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil .
    Björklund, Martin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umea University, Umeå Sweden.
    Dach, Fabiola
    Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil .
    Chaves, Thais Cristina
    Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences. School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil .
    Cross-cultural adaptation of the profile fitness mapping neck questionnaire to brazilian Portuguese: internal consistency, reliability, and construct and structural validity2017In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 176-186Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purpose of this study was to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ProFitMap-neck to Brazilian Portuguese.

    Methods

    The cross-cultural adaptation consisted of 5 stages, and 180 female patients with chronic neck pain participated in the study. A subsample (n = 30) answered the pretest, and another subsample (n = 100) answered the questionnaire a second time. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (hypothesis testing and structural validity) were estimated. For construct validity, the scores of the questionnaire were correlated with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

    Results

    Internal consistency was determined by adequate Cronbach's α values (α > 0.70). Strong reliability was identified by high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.75). Construct validity was identified by moderate and strong correlations of the Br-ProFitMap-neck with total NDI score (–0.56 < R < –0.71) and with the SF-36, HADS-anxiety, HADS-depression, and TSK (–0.32 < R < –0.82). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 factors for the Symptom scale: intensity index and the Function scale. Symptom scale–frequency index identified 1 factor. Structural validity was determined by percentage of cumulative variance >50%, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index > 0.50, eigenvalue > 1, and factor loadings > 0.2.

    Conclusion

    Br-ProFitMap-neck had adequate psychometric properties and can be used in clinical settings, as well as research, in patients with chronic neck pain.

  • 4. Ferreira, Mariana Cândido
    et al.
    Björklund, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
    Dach, Fabiola
    Chaves, Thais Cristina
    Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Profile Fitness Mapping Neck Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese: Internal Consistency, Reliability, and Construct and Structural Validity2017In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 176-186Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ProFitMap-neck to Brazilian Portuguese.

    METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation consisted of 5 stages, and 180 female patients with chronic neck pain participated in the study. A subsample (n = 30) answered the pretest, and another subsample (n = 100) answered the questionnaire a second time. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (hypothesis testing and structural validity) were estimated. For construct validity, the scores of the questionnaire were correlated with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

    RESULTS: Internal consistency was determined by adequate Cronbach's α values (α > 0.70). Strong reliability was identified by high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.75). Construct validity was identified by moderate and strong correlations of the Br-ProFitMap-neck with total NDI score (-0.56 <R < -0.71) and with the SF-36, HADS-anxiety, HADS-depression, and TSK (-0.32 <R < -0.82). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 factors for the Symptom scale: intensity index and the Function scale. Symptom scale-frequency index identified 1 factor. Structural validity was determined by percentage of cumulative variance >50%, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index > 0.50, eigenvalue > 1, and factor loadings > 0.2.

    CONCLUSION: Br-ProFitMap-neck had adequate psychometric properties and can be used in clinical settings, as well as research, in patients with chronic neck pain.

  • 5.
    Grunnesjö, Marie I.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Bogefeldt, Johan P.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Svärdsudd, Kurt F.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Blomberg, Stefan I. E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    A randomized controlled clinical trial of stay-active care versus manual therapy in addition to stay-active care: functional variables and pain.2004In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 27, no 7, p. 431-441Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES

    To compare the effect of manual therapy in addition to the stay-active concept versus the stay-active concept only in low back pain patients.

    STUDY DESIGN

    A randomized, controlled trial during 10 weeks.

    METHODS

    One hundred sixty outpatients with acute or subacute low back pain were recruited from a geographically defined area. They were randomly allocated to a reference group treated with the stay-active concept and, in some cases, muscle stretching and an experimental group receiving manual therapy and, in some cases, steroid injections in addition to the stay-active concept. Pain and disability rating index were used as outcome measures.

    RESULTS

    At baseline, the experimental group had somewhat more pain, a higher disability rating index, and more herniated disks than the reference group. After 5 and 10 weeks, the experimental group had less pain and a lower disability rating index than the reference group.

    CONCLUSIONS

    The manual treatment concept used in this study in low back pain patients appears to reduce pain and disability rating better than the traditional stay-active concept.

  • 6.
    Hermansen, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Cleland, Joshua A.
    Franklin Pierce University, NH USA .
    Kammerlind, Ann-Sofi
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Evaluation of Physical Function in Individuals 11 to 14 Years after AnteriorCervical Decompression and Fusion Surgery: A Comparison betweenPatients and Healthy Reference Samples and Between 2 Surgical Techniques2014In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 87-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate neck-related physical function in individuals 11 to 14 years after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) surgery for degenerative cervical disk disease and to compare the long-term outcome of 2 surgical techniques, including the Cloward procedure and cervical intervertebral fusion cage. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 individuals, 11 years or more after ACDF, underwent testing of cervical active range of motion, hand-grip strength, static and dynamic balance, neck muscle endurance, and completed pain ratings. The participants values were compared with values of age-and sex-matched healthy individuals to evaluate impairments. Correlations between different test scores and pain were performed. Group differences were analyzed between the 2 surgical techniques. Results: Sixty-five percent and 82% exhibited impairment in ventral and dorsal neck muscle endurance, respectively. Impairment rates of 18% to 39% for cervical active range of motion, 27% to 43% for hand-grip strength, 37% for standing balance, and 35% for dynamic balance were recorded. Twenty-nine percent of the participants had impairment (greater than30 mm visual analog scale) in pain. There were no significant differences in physical function between the 2 surgical treatment groups (Cloward procedure or cervical intervertebral fusion cage) (P = .10-.92). Conclusions: In those studied, a large percentage of patients who had anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery have impairments in neck-related physical function when compared 11 to 14 years after surgery with age-and sex-matched healthy reference individuals. Neck-specific function, but not balance, was statistically correlated to pain. Neck muscle endurance was most affected, and balance impairments were also present in one-third of the individuals. There were no differences in long-term physical function between the 2 surgical techniques.

  • 7.
    Moodie, Katherine F.
    et al.
    Univ Queensland, Australia.
    OLeary, Shaun P.
    Univ Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Australia.
    Tucker, Kylie J.
    Univ Queensland, Australia.
    McPhail, Steven M.
    Metro South Hlth, Australia; Queensland Univ Technol, Australia; Queensland Univ Technol, Australia.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Univ Queensland, Australia.
    The Relationship of Ultrasound Measurements of Muscle Deformation With Torque and Electromyography During Isometric Contractions of the Cervical Extensor Muscles2020In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 284-293Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Speckle tracking analysis (STA) of ultrasound (US) images quantifies the longitudinal deformation of a region of muscle tissue to provide a mechanical measure of muscle activity. As the validity and reliability of this method has not yet been adequately assessed, the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of STA in the dorsal neck muscles during isometric neck extension contractions. Methods: Twenty volunteers performed 3 repetitions of isometric neck extension in a dynamometer at 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal voluntary torque while US and surface electromyography (EMG) data were recorded. Speckle tracking analysis was then used to calculate measurements of muscle deformation. The relationship among torque, muscle deformation (separate for each muscle and summed), and EMG was evaluated using linear regressions and Spearmans correlation coefficients. The reliability of EMG and muscle deformation was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Muscle deformation in 4 of the 5 muscles when examined separately and collectively was significantly related to torque (P &lt; .05); however, the relationship was weak (r(2) = 0.03-0.18). In contrast, a strong linear relationship was observed between torque and EMG (P &lt; .001, r(2) = 0.83). Poor to moderate reliability of muscle deformation measures (ICC: 0.02-0.69) was found compared with EMG, which was highly reliable (ICC: 0.67-0.90). Conclusion: These results suggest that the validity of US STA measurements for isometric contractions of the dorsal neck muscles is questionable. Further investigation into this method is required before it can be used as a tool to measure muscle activity.

  • 8.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Almkvist, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dahlberg, Camilla
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindqvist, Sara
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pettersson, Susanne
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Age- and Sex-Specific Reference Values of a Test of Neck Muscle Endurance2007In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 30, no 3, p. 171-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    This study evaluates age- and sex-specific reference values for neck muscle endurance (NME).

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 116 randomly selected, healthy volunteers (ages 25-64 years) stratified according to age and gender participated. Dorsal and ventral NME was measured in seconds until exhaustion in a laying-down position. A weight of 4 kg for men or 2 kg for women was used in the dorsal procedure. The ventral procedure was performed without external load. Background and physical activity data were obtained and used in the analysis of NME performance.

    Results

    Mean values for dorsal and ventral NME were about 7 and 2.5 minutes for men and 8.5 and 0.5 minutes for women, respectively. The cutoff values for subnormal dorsal and ventral NME were 157 and 56 seconds for men and 173 and 23 seconds for women, respectively. Women's NME was 122% of men's NME in the dorsal (P = .17) and 24% of men's NME in the ventral (P < .0001) procedure. There were no significant differences among age groups. In multiple regression analysis, physical activity explained 4% of variability in the performance of the dorsal NME; and sex explained 37% of the variability in the performance of ventral NME.

    Conclusion

    The reference values and the cutoff points obtained could be used in clinical practice to identify patients with a subnormal NME. Sex is an important consideration when using both the test procedure and the reference values.

  • 9.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kjellman, Görel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Neck Muscle Endurance in Nonspecific Patients With Neck Pain and in Patients After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion2007In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 343-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in ventral and dorsal neck muscle endurance (NME) among men and women with nonspecific neck pain (NP) or cervical disk disease (who had anterior cervical decompression and fusion [ACDF]) and healthy controls (C). Another purpose was to investigate changes in NME after intervention.

    Methods

    Neck muscle endurance was measured in patients with NP (n = 78) and ACDF (n = 25) before and after the treatment period, and their results were compared to each other and to sex-specific reference values from controls (n = 116) at both the individual and group levels.

    Results

    Patients had significantly decreased (P < .01) NME compared with control subjects, except for ventral NME in female patients with NP before treatment and male patients with ACDF after treatment. Female patients with ACDF had lower ventral NME than female patients with NP (P < .01). Among the patients, 35% to 100% had NME disability, with most of them having a lower rate than the 95% confidence interval of controls. Female patients with NP and male patients with ACDF showed improvement (P < .05) after treatment. Flexion/extension ratio in patients with NP (P = .36), but not in patients with ACDF (P < .0001), returned to normal levels after treatment. There was a significant negative correlation (P < .02) between NME and Neck Disability Index in both patient groups, except for ventral NME in patients with NP before treatment.

    Conclusion

    Many patients had impairment in NME before and after treatment. This suggests that additional exercise of specific training for NME should be incorporated into the rehabilitation program, which may improve treatment outcome.

  • 10. Peolsson, Anneli L. C.
    et al.
    Peolsson, Michael N.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Jull, Gwendolen A.
    O'Leary, Shaun P.
    Cervical muscle activity during loaded arm lifts in patients 10 years postsurgery for cervical disc disease2013In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 292-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical activity of the neck muscles during loaded arm lifting tasks in individuals with long-standing disability after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with that of healthy controls. Methods: Ten individuals (mean age, 60 years; SD, 7.1) who underwent ACDF (10-13 years previously) for cervical disc disease and 10 healthy age-and sex-matched controls participated in the study. Ultrasonography was used to investigate the degree of deformation and deformation rate of ventral and dorsal neck muscles at the C4 segmental level during a single (1x arm flexion to 120) and repeated (10x arm flexion to 90) loaded arm elevation condition. Results: The ACDF group showed greater deformation and deformation rate of the longus capitis (P = .02) and deformation rate of the sternocleidomastoid (P = .04) during the 120 degrees arm lift. For repeated 90 degrees arm lift, there was a significant group effect with higher deformation rate values observed in the longus capitis (P = .005-.01) and multifidus (P = .03) muscles in the ACDF group. Muscle behavior did not change the repeated arm lifts (no group x time interactions) for either the ventral or the dorsal muscles. Conclusions: For study participants, greater muscle mechanical activity levels were observed in the ventral and multifidus muscles of patients with persistent symptoms after ACDF. These differences may indicate altered motor strategy in this patient group when performing the upper limb task and may need to be considered when prescribing exercise for postsurgical rehabilitation.

  • 11.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
    Landén Ludvigsson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Motala.
    Wibault, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dedering, Åsa
    Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Peterson, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Function in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy or Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders Compared With Healthy Volunteers2014In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 211-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purposes of this study were to examine whether any differences in function and health exist between patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) due to disk disease scheduled for surgery and patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) and to compare measures of patients' physical function with those obtained from healthy volunteers.

    Methods

    This is a cross-sectional study of patients with CR (n = 198) and patients with chronic WAD (n = 215). Patient data were compared with raw data previously obtained from healthy people. Physical measures included cervical active range of motion, neck muscle endurance, and hand grip strength. Self-rated measures included pain intensity (visual analog scale), neck disability (Neck Disability Index), self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy Scale), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier).

    Results

    Patient groups exhibited significantly lower performance than the healthy group in all physical measures (P < .0005) except for neck muscle endurance in flexion for women (P > .09). There was a general trend toward worse results in the CR group than the WAD group, with significant differences in neck active range of motion, left hand strength for women, pain intensity, Neck Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier, and Self-Efficacy Scale (P < .0001).

    Conclusions

    Patients had worse values than healthy individuals in almost all physical measures. There was a trend toward worse results for CR than WAD patients.

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  • 12. Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Ludvigsson, Maria Landen
    Wibault, Johanna
    Dedering, Asa
    Peterson, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD).
    Function in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy or Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders Compared With Healthy Volunteers2014In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 211-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine whether any differences in function and health exist between patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) due to disk disease scheduled for surgery and patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) and to compare measures of patients' physical function with those obtained from healthy volunteers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of patients with CR (n = 198) and patients with chronic WAD (n = 215). Patient data were compared with raw data previously obtained from healthy people. Physical measures included cervical active range of motion, neck muscle endurance, and hand grip strength. Self-rated measures included pain intensity (visual analog scale), neck disability (Neck Disability Index), self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy Scale), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier). Results: Patient groups exhibited significantly lower performance than the healthy group in all physical measures (P < .0005) except for neck muscle endurance in flexion for women (P > .09). There was a general trend toward worse results in the CR group than the WAD group, with significant differences in neck active range of motion, left hand strength for women, pain intensity, Neck Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier, and Self-Efficacy Scale (P < .0001). Conclusions: Patients had worse values than healthy individuals in almost all physical measures. There was a trend toward worse results for CR than WAD patients.

  • 13.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
    Peolsson, Michael
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Longitudinal changes in ventral and dorsal neck muscle layers during loading against gravity in healthy volunteers using speckle tracking2014In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 253-259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    This study aimed to describe and compare the longitudinal mechanical activity, deformation, and deformation rate of the different layers of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in healthy volunteers during head lifts against gravity.

    METHODS:

    The cross-sectional study included 19 healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 years; SD, 7 years). Ultrasound with speckle-tracking analysis was used to investigate longitudinal mechanical activation, deformation, and deformation rate of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in real time during a head lift. Significance levels were set as P = .025 or P = .0125, depending on the number of comparisons.

    RESULTS:

    The dorsal neck muscles did not significantly differ in deformation (P > .04); however, the multifidus had a higher deformation rate than all other dorsal muscles (P < .003). The sternocleidomastoid had significantly higher deformation than the longus capitis (P = .005) and colli (P = .001) but a lower deformation rate than the longus colli (P = .02).

    CONCLUSION:

    The sternocleidomastoid deformed more than the deeper muscles, but it did significantly slower than the longus colli. Among the dorsal muscles, the deepest (the multifidus) had the highest deformation rate.

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  • 14. Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Peolsson, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Longitudinal changes in ventral and dorsal neck muscle layers during loading against gravity in healthy volunteers using speckle tracking2014In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 253-259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study aimed to describe and compare the longitudinal mechanical activity, deformation, and deformation rate of the different layers of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in healthy volunteers during head lifts against gravity. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 19 healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 years; SD, 7 years). Ultrasound with speckle-tracking analysis was used to investigate longitudinal mechanical activation, deformation, and deformation rate of dorsal and ventral neck muscles in real time during a head lift. Significance levels were set as P = .025 or P = .0125, depending on the number of comparisons. Results: The dorsal neck muscles did not significantly differ in deformation (P > .04); however, the multifidus had a higher deformation rate than all other dorsal muscles (P < .003). The sternocleidomastoid had significantly higher deformation than the longus capitis (P = .005) and colli (P = .001) but a lower deformation rate than the longus colli (P = .02). Conclusion: The sternocleidomastoid deformed more than the deeper muscles, but it did significantly slower than the longus colli. Among the dorsal muscles, the deepest (the multifidus) had the highest deformation rate.

  • 15.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Peolsson, Michael N.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Jull, Gwendolen A.
    University of Queensland, Australia.
    OLeary, Shaun P.
    University of Queensland, Australia.
    Cervical Muscle Activity During Loaded Arm Lifts in Patients 10 Years Postsurgery for Cervical Disc Disease2013In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 292-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical activity of the neck muscles during loaded arm lifting tasks in individuals with long-standing disability after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with that of healthy controls.

    Methods

    Ten individuals (mean age, 60 years; SD, 7.1) who underwent ACDF (10-13 years previously) for cervical disc disease and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study. Ultrasonography was used to investigate the degree of deformation and deformation rate of ventral and dorsal neck muscles at the C4 segmental level during a single (1 × arm flexion to 120°) and repeated (10 × arm flexion to 90°) loaded arm elevation condition.

    Results

    The ACDF group showed greater deformation and deformation rate of the longus capitis (P = .02) and deformation rate of the sternocleidomastoid (P = .04) during the 120° arm lift. For repeated 90° arm lift, there was a significant group effect with higher deformation rate values observed in the longus capitis (P = .005-.01) and multifidus (P = .03) muscles in the ACDF group. Muscle behavior did not change the repeated arm lifts (no group × time interactions) for either the ventral or the dorsal muscles.

    Conclusions

    For study participants, greater muscle mechanical activity levels were observed in the ventral and multifidus muscles of patients with persistent symptoms after ACDF. These differences may indicate altered motor strategy in this patient group when performing the upper limb task and may need to be considered when prescribing exercise for postsurgical rehabilitation.

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  • 16. Peterson, GE
    et al.
    Landén Ludvigsson, MH
    O'Leary, SP
    Dedering, ÅM
    Wallman, T
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Jönsson, MI
    Peolsson, AL
    The effect 3 different exercise approaches on neck muscle endurance, kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction in chronic whiplash2015In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, no Sept 17Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Peterson, Gunnel E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD). Uppsala Univ, Ctr Clin Res Sormland, Eskilstuna, Sweden.;Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Div Physiotherapy, Fac Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden..
    Ludvigsson, Maria H. Landen
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Div Physiotherapy, Fac Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden.;Cty Council Ostergotland, Rehab Vast, Ostergotland, Sweden..
    O'Leary, Shaun P.
    Univ Queensland, NHMRC CCRE Spinal Pain Injury & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Hlth, Physiotherapy Dept, Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Dedering, Asa M.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Physiotherapy, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wallman, Thorne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD). Uppsala Univ, Ctr Clin Res Sormland, Eskilstuna, Sweden.;Uppsala Univ, Publ Hlth & Caring Sci, Family Med & Prevent Med Sect, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Jonsson, Margaretha I. N.
    Cty Council Vastmanland, Prima Rehab, Herrgardet Hlth Care Ctr, Vastmanland, Sweden..
    Peolsson, Anneli L. C.
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Div Physiotherapy, Fac Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden.;Univ Queensland, NHMRC CCRE Spinal Pain Injury & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    THE EFFECT OF 3 DIFFERENT EXERCISE APPROACHES ON NECK MUSCLE ENDURANCE, KINESIOPHOBIA, EXERCISE COMPLIANCE, AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN CHRONIC WHIPLASH2015In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 465-476Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different exercise approaches on neck muscle endurance (NME), kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction in patients with chronic whiplash. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 216 individuals with chronic whiplash. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 exercise interventions: neck-specific exercise (NSE), NSE combined with a behavioral approach (NSEB), or prescribed physical activity (PPA). Measures of ventral and dorsal NME (endurance time in seconds), perceived pain after NME testing, kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction were recorded at baseline and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Results: Compared with individuals in the prescribed physical activity group, participants in the NSE and NSEB groups exhibited greater gains in dorsal NME (P = .003), greater reductions in pain after NME testing (P = .03), and more satisfaction with treatment (P < .001). Kinesiophobia and exercise compliance did not significantly differ between groups (P > .07). Conclusion: Among patients with chronic whiplash, a neck-specific exercise intervention (with or without a behavioral approach) appears to improve NME. Participants were more satisfied with intervention including neck-specific exercises than with the prescription of general exercise.

  • 18.
    Peterson, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Landén Ludvigsson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Motala.
    OLeary, Shaun P.
    University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Heatlh, Australia.
    Dedering, Asa M.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Wallman, Thorne
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Margaretha I. N.
    County Council Vastmanland, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Queensland, Australia.
    THE EFFECT OF 3 DIFFERENT EXERCISE APPROACHES ON NECK MUSCLE ENDURANCE, KINESIOPHOBIA, EXERCISE COMPLIANCE, AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN CHRONIC WHIPLASH2015In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 465-746.e4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different exercise approaches on neck muscle endurance (NME), kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction in patients with chronic whiplash. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 216 individuals with chronic whiplash. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 exercise interventions: neck-specific exercise (NSE), NSE combined with a behavioral approach (NSEB), or prescribed physical activity (PPA). Measures of ventral and dorsal NME (endurance time in seconds), perceived pain after NME testing, kinesiophobia, exercise compliance, and patient satisfaction were recorded at baseline and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Results: Compared with individuals in the prescribed physical activity group, participants in the NSE and NSEB groups exhibited greater gains in dorsal NME (P = .003), greater reductions in pain after NME testing (P = .03), and more satisfaction with treatment (P less than .001). Kinesiophobia and exercise compliance did not significantly differ between groups (P greater than .07). Conclusion: Among patients with chronic whiplash, a neck-specific exercise intervention (with or without a behavioral approach) appears to improve NME. Participants were more satisfied with intervention including neck-specific exercises than with the prescription of general exercise.

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  • 19.
    Wibault, Johanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Dedring, Åsa
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden / Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Löfgren, Håkan
    Neuro-Orthopedic Center, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Persson, Liselott
    Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Margareta R.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andell, Maria
    Norrahammar Primary Health Care, Norrahammar, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Neck-related physical function, self-efficacy and coping strategies in patients with cervical radiculopathy: a randomized clinical trial of postoperative physiotherapy2017In: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, ISSN 0161-4754, E-ISSN 1532-6586, Vol. 40, no 5, p. 330-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To compare postoperative rehabilitation with structured physiotherapy to standard approach in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) based on measures of neck-related physical function, self-efficacy and coping strategies at 6 months follow-up.

    Design: A randomized clinical trial of postoperative physiotherapy in patients with CR.

    Subjects: Patients (n= 202) with persistent CR who were scheduled for surgery.

    Methods: Patients were preoperatively randomized to receive structured postoperative physiotherapy (SPT, n=101) or standard postoperative approach (SA, n=101). SPT combined neck-specific exercises with a behavioral approach. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month evaluations included questionnaires and clinical examinations. Neck muscle endurance, active cervical range of motion, self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing (CSQ_CAT), perceived control over pain, and ability to decrease pain were analyzed for between-group differences using complete case and per-protocol approaches.

    Results: No between-group difference was reported at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.05 to 0.99), but all outcomes had improved from baseline (p<0.001). Patients in the SPT group with ≥50% attendance to treatment sessions showed larger improvements in CSQ_CAT (p= 0.04) during the rehabilitation period from 3 to 6 months after surgery compared to the patients who received SA.

    Conclusion: No between-group difference in outcomes was found at 6 months after surgery based on measures of neck-related physical function, self-efficacy and coping strategies. However, the results confirm that neck-specific exercises are tolerated by patients with CR after surgery, and that there may be a benefit from combining surgery with structured postoperative physiotherapy in patients with CR.

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