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  • 1.
    Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Ackermann, M.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Adams, J.
    Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand..
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Ahlers, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Ahrens, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Al Samarai, I.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Altmann, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Andeen, K.
    Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA..
    Anderson, T.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Ansseau, I.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Anton, G.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Archinger, M.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Arguelles, C.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Auffenberg, J.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Axani, S.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Bai, X.
    South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Phys Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA..
    Barwick, S. W.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA..
    Baum, V.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Bay, R.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Beatty, J. J.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Becker, K. -H
    BenZvi, S.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Berley, D.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Bernardini, E.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernhard, A.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Besson, D. Z.
    Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA..
    Binder, G.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Bindig, D.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Blaufuss, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Blot, S.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bohm, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Boerner, M.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Bos, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Bose, D.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Boeser, S.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Braun, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Brayeur, L.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Bretz, H. -P
    Bron, S.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Burgman, Alexander
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Carver, T.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Casier, M.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Cheung, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Chirkin, D.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Christov, A.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Clark, K.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada..
    Classen, L.
    Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany..
    Coenders, S.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Collin, G. H.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Conrad, J. M.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Cowen, D. F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Cross, R.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Day, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    De Clercq, C.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Rosendo, E. del Pino
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Dembinski, H.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    De Ridder, S.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Desiati, P.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    de Vries, K. D.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    de Wasseige, G.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    de With, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    DeYoung, T.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Dujmovic, H.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Dumm, J. P.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Dunkman, M.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Eberhardt, B.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Eichmann, B.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Eller, P.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Euler, Sebastian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Fahey, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Fazely, A. R.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Feintzeig, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Felde, J.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Filimonov, K.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Finley, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Flis, S.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Foesig, C. -C
    Franckowiak, A.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Friedman, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Fuchs, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Gallagher, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Gerhardt, L.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Ghorbani, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Giang, W.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Gladstone, L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Glauch, T.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Gluesekamp, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Grant, D.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Griffith, Z.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Haack, C.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Halzen, F.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Hansen, E.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Hansmann, T.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Hanson, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Hebecker, D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Heereman, D.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Helbing, K.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Hellauer, R.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Hickford, S.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Hignight, J.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Hill, G. C.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Hoffmann, R.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Hoshina, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan..
    Huang, F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Huber, M.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Hultqvist, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    In, S.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Ishihara, A.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Jacobi, E.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA..
    Jeong, M.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Jero, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Jones, B. J. P.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Kang, W.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Kappes, A.
    Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany..
    Karg, T.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Karle, A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kauer, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Keivani, A.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Kelley, J. L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kheirandish, A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kim, J.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Kim, M.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Kintscher, T.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kiryluk, J.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Kittler, T.
    Klein, S. R.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Kohnen, G.
    Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium..
    Koirala, R.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Kolanoski, H.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Konietz, R.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Koepke, L.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Kopper, C.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Kopper, S.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Kowalski, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.;DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Krings, K.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Kroll, M.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Krueckl, G.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Krueger, C.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kunnen, J.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Kunwar, S.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kurahashi, N.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Kuwabara, T.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Kyriacou, A.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Labare, M.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Larson, M. J.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Lauber, F.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Leuermann, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Lu, L.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Luenemann, J.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Madsen, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Maggi, G.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mancina, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Mandelartz, M.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Maruyama, R.
    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA..
    Mase, K.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Maunu, R.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    McNally, F.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Meagher, K.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Medici, M.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Meier, M.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Menne, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Merino, G.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Meures, T.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Miarecki, S.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Micallef, J.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Momente, G.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Montaruli, T.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Moulai, M.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Nahnhauer, R.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Naumann, U.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Neer, G.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Niederhausen, H.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Nygren, D. R.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Olivas, A.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Palczewski, T.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Pandya, H.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Pankova, D. V.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Peiffer, P.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Penek, O.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Pepper, J. A.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Pieloth, D.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Pinat, E.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Price, P. B.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Quinnan, M.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Raab, C.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Raedel, L.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Rameez, M.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Rawlins, K.
    Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA..
    Reimann, R.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Relethford, B.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Relich, M.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Resconi, E.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Rhode, W.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Richman, M.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Riedel, B.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Robertson, S.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rongen, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Rott, C.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Ruhe, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Rysewyk, D.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Sabbatini, L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Sandrock, A.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Sandroos, J.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Sarkar, S.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England..
    Satalecka, K.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schlunder, P.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Schmidt, T.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Schoenen, S.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schumacher, L.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Seckel, D.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Seunarine, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Soldin, D.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Song, M.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Spiering, C.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stachurska, J.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stanev, T.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Stasik, A.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stettner, J.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Steuer, A.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Stezelberger, T.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Stoessl, A.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Ström, Rickard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Sutherland, M.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Taavola, Henric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Taboada, I.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Tatar, J.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Tenholt, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Terliuk, A.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Tesic, G.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Tilav, S.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Toale, P. A.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Tobin, M. N.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Toscano, S.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Tosi, D.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Tselengidou, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tung, C. F.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Turcati, A.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Unger, E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy.
    Usner, M.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Vanheule, S.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    van Rossem, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    van Santen, J.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Vehring, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Voge, M.
    Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany..
    Vogel, E.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Vraeghe, M.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Walck, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wallace, A.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Wallraff, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Waza, A.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Weaver, Ch.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Weiss, M. J.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Wendt, C.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Westerhoff, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Whelan, B. J.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Wickmann, S.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Wiebe, K.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Wille, L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Williams, D. R.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Wills, L.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Wolf, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wood, T. R.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Woolsey, E.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Woschnagg, K.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Xu, D. L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Xu, X. W.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Xu, Y.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Yanez, J. P.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Yodh, G.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA..
    Yoshida, S.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Zoll, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Stanek, K. Z.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Shappee, B. J.
    Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA..
    Kochanek, C. S.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Holoien, T. W. -S
    Prieto, J. L.
    Univ Diego Port, Nucl Astron Fac Ingn, Av Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile.;Millennium Inst Astrophys, Santiago, Chile..
    Fox, D. B.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Theoret & Observat Cosmol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    DeLaunay, J. J.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Turley, C. F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Barthelmy, S. D.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Lien, A. Y.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Meszaros, P.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Theoret & Observat Cosmol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Murase, K.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Theoret & Observat Cosmol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Kocevski, D.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Buehler, R.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giomi, M.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Racusin, J. L.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Albert, A.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Alfaro, R.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Alvarez, C.
    Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico..
    Alvarez, J. D.
    Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico..
    Arceo, R.
    Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico..
    Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
    Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico..
    Solares, H. A. Ayala
    Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA..
    Barber, A. S.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Baustista-Elivar, N.
    Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico..
    Becerril, A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Belmont-Moreno, E.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Bernal, A.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.;Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Brisbois, C.
    Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA..
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico..
    Capistran, T.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    Carraminana, A.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    Casanova, S.
    Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akad Nauk, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, IFJ PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Castillo, M.
    Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico..
    Cotti, U.
    Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico..
    Coutino de Leon, S.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    de la Fuente, E.
    Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Dept Fis, Guadalajara, Mexico..
    De Leon, C.
    Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis, Puebla, Mexico..
    Diaz Hernandez, R.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Dept Fis, Guadalajara, Mexico.;Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Dingus, B. L.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA..
    DuVernois, M. A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA USA..
    Engel, K.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Fiorino, D. W.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Fraija, N.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Gerhardt, M.
    Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA..
    Gonzalez Munoz, A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Gonzalez, M. M.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Goodman, J. A.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Hampel-Arias, Z.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Harding, J. P.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA..
    Hernandez, S.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Hui, C. M.
    NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA..
    Huentemeyer, P.
    Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA..
    Iriarte, A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Joshi, V.
    Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Kaufmann, S.
    Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico..
    Lara, A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Lauer, R. J.
    Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA..
    Lee, W. H.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Lennarz, D.
    Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA..
    Leon Vargas, H.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Linnemann, J. T.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Luis Raya, G.
    Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico..
    Luna-Garcia, R.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Computac, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Malone, K.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Marinelli, S. S.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Martinez, O.
    Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis, Puebla, Mexico..
    Martinez-Castellanos, I.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Martinez-Castro, J.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Computac, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Martinez-Huerta, H.
    Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Phys Dept, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Matthews, J. A.
    Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA..
    Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
    Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico..
    Moreno, E.
    Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Ciencias Fis, Puebla, Mexico..
    Mostafa, M.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Nellen, L.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Newbold, M.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Nisa, M. U.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Noriega-Papaqui, R.
    Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico..
    Pelayo, R.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Computac, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Pretz, J.
    Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Perez-Perez, E. G.
    Univ Politecn Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico..
    Ren, Z.
    Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA..
    Rho, C. D.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Riviere, C.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Rosa-Gonzalez, D.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    Rosenberg, M.
    Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Greus, F. Salesa
    Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akad Nauk, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, IFJ PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Sandoval, A.
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Schneider, M.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Schoorlemmer, H.
    Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sinnis, G.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA..
    Smith, A. J.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Springer, R. W.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Surajbali, P.
    Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tibolla, O.
    Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico..
    Tollefson, K.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Torres, I.
    Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico..
    Ukwatta, T. N.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA..
    Villasenor, L.
    Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico..
    Weisgarber, T.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wisher, I. G.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wood, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Yapici, T.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Zepeda, A.
    Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Phys Dept, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Zhou, H.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA..
    Arcavi, I.
    Las Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA..
    Hosseinzadeh, G.
    Las Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA..
    Howell, D. A.
    Las Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA..
    Valenti, S.
    Univ Calif, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA..
    McCully, C.
    Las Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA..
    Lipunov, V. M.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Phys Dept, Leninskie Gory GSP 1, Moscow 119991, Russia.;Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Gorbovskoy, E. S.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Tiurina, N. V.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Balanutsa, P. V.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Kuznetsov, A. S.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Kornilov, V. G.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Phys Dept, Leninskie Gory GSP 1, Moscow 119991, Russia.;Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Chazov, V.
    Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Univ Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia..
    Budnev, N. M.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Appl Phys, 20 Gagarin Blvd, Irkutsk 664003, Russia..
    Gress, O. A.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Appl Phys, 20 Gagarin Blvd, Irkutsk 664003, Russia..
    Ivanov, K. I.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Appl Phys, 20 Gagarin Blvd, Irkutsk 664003, Russia..
    Tlatov, A. G.
    Main Pulkovo Observ, Kislovodsk Solar Stn, POB 45,Gagarina 100, Kislovodsk 357700, Russia..
    Lopez, R. Rebolo
    Inst Astrofis Canarias, Observ Teide, Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain..
    Serra-Ricart, M.
    Inst Astrofis Canarias, Observ Teide, Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain..
    Evans, P. A.
    Univ Leicester, Leicester Inst Space & Earth Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Res Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Kennea, J. A.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Gehrels, N.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Osborne, J. P.
    Univ Leicester, Leicester Inst Space & Earth Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Res Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Page, K. L.
    Univ Leicester, Leicester Inst Space & Earth Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Res Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Abeysekara, A. U.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Archer, A.
    Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA..
    Benbow, W.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA..
    Bird, R.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Brantseg, T.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Bugaev, V.
    Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA..
    Cardenzana, J. V.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Connolly, M. P.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Cui, W.
    Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.;Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Falcone, A.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Feng, Q.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Finley, J. P.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Fleischhack, H.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Fortson, L.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Furniss, A.
    Calif State Univ East Bay, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA..
    Griffin, S.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.;Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA..
    Grube, J.
    Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA..
    Huetten, M.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Holder, J.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Hughes, G.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA..
    Humensky, T. B.
    Columbia Univ, Phys Dept, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Johnson, C. A.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Kaaret, P.
    Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA..
    Kar, P.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Kelley-Hoskins, N.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kertzman, M.
    Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA..
    Krause, M.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kumar, S.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Lang, M. J.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Lin, T. T. Y.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    McArthur, S.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Moriarty, P.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Mukherjee, R.
    Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Nieto, D.
    Columbia Univ, Phys Dept, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Ong, R. A.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Otte, A. N.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Pohl, M.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Popkow, A.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Pueschel, E.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Quinn, J.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Ragan, K.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Cork Inst Technol, Dept Phys Sci, Cork, Ireland..
    Richards, G. T.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Roache, E.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA..
    Rulten, C.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Sadeh, I.
    DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Santander, M.
    Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Staszak, D.
    Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Trepanier, S.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Tyler, J.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Wakely, S. P.
    Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Weinstein, A.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Wilcox, P.
    Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA..
    Wilhelm, A.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Williams, D. A.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Zitzer, B.
    McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Bellm, E.
    CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA..
    Cano, Z.
    CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain..
    Gal-Yam, A.
    Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel..
    Kann, D. A.
    Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany..
    Ofek, E. O.
    Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel..
    Rigault, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Soumagnac, M.
    Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel..
    Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet2017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 607, article id A115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.

  • 2. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Allen, M. M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. B.
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. H.
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buitink, S.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. C.
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Degner, T.
    Demirors, L.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegard, O.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glusenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Ismail, A. H.
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Heinen, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, B.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hulss, J. P.
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jakobi, E.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Kampert, K. H.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohne, H.
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Kopke, L.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Kroll, G.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    de los Heros, C. P.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Richard, A. S.
    Richman, M.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. G.
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schonwald, A.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schulte, L.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Singh, K.
    Slipak, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stossl, A.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Strom, R.
    Stuer, M.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Tepe, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, C.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Zoll, M.
    IceCube, Collaboration
    IceCube sensitivity for low-energy neutrinos from nearby supernovae2011In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 535, article id A109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic south pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of similar to 1 km(3) in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of nu(e)'s released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection.

  • 3. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Allen, M. M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Baum, V.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. Bazo
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. -H
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buitink, S.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Degner, T.
    Demiroers, L.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegård, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Heinen, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, B.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Huelss, J. -P
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jakobi, E.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Kampert, K. -H
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Koehne, H.
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Kroll, G.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, Martino
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    Pérez de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Richard, A. S.
    Richman, M.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. -G
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schulte, L.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Singh, K.
    Slipak, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Ström, Rickard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Stueer, M.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, Henric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Tepe, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Zoll, M.
    IceCube sensitivity for low-energy neutrinos from nearby supernovae2011In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 535, p. A109-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic south pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of similar to 1 km(3) in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of nu(e)'s released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection.

  • 4. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Allen, M. M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. B.
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. H.
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buitink, S.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. C.
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Degner, T.
    Demirors, L.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegard, O.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glusenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Ismail, A. H.
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Heinen, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Herquet, P.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, B.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hulss, J. P.
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Kampert, K. H.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohne, J. H.
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Kopke, L.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Kroll, G.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    de Los Heros, C. P.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Richman, M.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. G.
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schonwald, A.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stossl, A.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Strom, R.
    Stuer, M.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, C.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Zoll, M.
    Akerlof, C. W.
    Pandey, S. B.
    Yuan, F.
    Zheng, W.
    IceCube, Collaboration
    Collaboration, Rotse
    Searching for soft relativistic jets in core-collapse supernovae with the IceCube optical follow-up program2012In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 539, article id A60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Transient neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae (SNe) are hypothesized to emit bursts of high-energy neutrinos on a time-scale of less than or similar to 100 s. While GRB neutrinos would be produced in high relativistic jets, core-collapse SNe might host soft-relativistic jets, which become stalled in the outer layers of the progenitor star leading to an efficient production of high-energy neutrinos. Aims. To increase the sensitivity to these neutrinos and identify their sources, a low-threshold optical follow-up program for neutrino multiplets detected with the IceCube observatory has been implemented. Methods. If a neutrino multiplet, i.e. two or more neutrinos from the same direction within 100 s, is found by IceCube a trigger is sent to the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment, ROTSE. The 4 ROTSE telescopes immediately start an observation program of the corresponding region of the sky in order to detect an optical counterpart to the neutrino events. Results. No statistically significant excess in the rate of neutrino multiplets has been observed and furthermore no coincidence with an optical counterpart was found. Conclusions. The search allows, for the first time, to set stringent limits on current models predicting a high-energy neutrino flux from soft relativistic hadronic jets in core-collapse SNe. We conclude that a sub-population of SNe with typical Lorentz boost factor and jet energy of 10 and 3 x 1051 erg, respectively, does not exceed 4.2% at 90% confidence.

  • 5. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Allen, M. M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. Bazo
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. -H
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buitink, S.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Degner, T.
    Demiroers, L.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegård, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Heinen, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Herquet, P.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, B.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Huelss, J. -P
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Kampert, K. -H
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Koehne, J. -H
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Kroll, G.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    Pérez de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Richman, M.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. -G
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Ström, Rickard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Stueer, M.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, Henric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Zoll, M.
    Akerlof, C. W.
    Pandey, S. B.
    Yuan, F.
    Zheng, W.
    Searching for soft relativistic jets in core-collapse supernovae with the IceCube optical follow-up program2012In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 539, p. A60-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Transient neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae (SNe) are hypothesized to emit bursts of high-energy neutrinos on a time-scale of less than or similar to 100 s. While GRB neutrinos would be produced in high relativistic jets, core-collapse SNe might host soft-relativistic jets, which become stalled in the outer layers of the progenitor star leading to an efficient production of high-energy neutrinos. Aims. To increase the sensitivity to these neutrinos and identify their sources, a low-threshold optical follow-up program for neutrino multiplets detected with the IceCube observatory has been implemented. Methods. If a neutrino multiplet, i.e. two or more neutrinos from the same direction within 100 s, is found by IceCube a trigger is sent to the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment, ROTSE. The 4 ROTSE telescopes immediately start an observation program of the corresponding region of the sky in order to detect an optical counterpart to the neutrino events. Results. No statistically significant excess in the rate of neutrino multiplets has been observed and furthermore no coincidence with an optical counterpart was found. Conclusions. The search allows, for the first time, to set stringent limits on current models predicting a high-energy neutrino flux from soft relativistic hadronic jets in core-collapse SNe. We conclude that a sub-population of SNe with typical Lorentz boost factor and jet energy of 10 and 3 x 1051 erg, respectively, does not exceed 4.2% at 90% confidence.

  • 6. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. B.
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. H.
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boser, S.
    Botner, O.
    Braun, J.
    Buitink, S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clem, J.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Demirors, L.
    Depaepe, O.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Duvoort, M. R.
    Ehrlich, R.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegard, O.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Foerster, M. M.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Geisler, M.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Glusenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Helbing, K.
    Herquet, P.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Hubert, D.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Hulss, J. P.
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Joseph, J. M.
    Kampert, K. H.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemming, N.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Kohne, J. H.
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Kopke, L.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Krings, T.
    Kroll, G.
    Kuehn, K.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lafebre, S.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Lehmann, R.
    Lunemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Majumdar, P.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Matusik, M.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Niessen, P.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Ono, M.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    de los Heros, C. P.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Prikockis, M.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Rizzo, A.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Roth, P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. G.
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schlenstedt, S.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Singh, K.
    Slipak, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stephens, G.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoyanov, S.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Straszheim, T.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, H.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Tarasova, O.
    Tepe, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Turcan, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Voge, M.
    Voigt, B.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, C.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wikstrom, G.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    IceCube, Collaboration
    Constraints on high-energy neutrino emission from SN 2008D2011In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 527, article id A28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SN 2008D, a core collapse supernova at a distance of 27 Mpc, was serendipitously discovered by the Swift satellite through an associated X-ray flash. Core collapse supernovae have been observed in association with long gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes and a physical connection is widely assumed. This connection could imply that some core collapse supernovae possess mildly relativistic jets in which high-energy neutrinos are produced through proton-proton collisions. The predicted neutrino spectra would be detectable by Cherenkov neutrino detectors like IceCube. A search for a neutrino signal in temporal and spatial correlation with the observed X-ray flash of SN 2008D was conducted using data taken in 2007-2008 with 22 strings of the IceCube detector. Events were selected based on a boosted decision tree classifier trained with simulated signal and experimental background data. The classifier was optimized to the position and a "soft jet" neutrino spectrum assumed for SN 2008D. Using three search windows placed around the X-ray peak, emission time scales from 100-10 000 s were probed. No events passing the cuts were observed in agreement with the signal expectation of 0.13 events. Upper limits on the muon neutrino flux from core collapse supernovae were derived for different emission time scales and the principal model parameters were constrained. While no meaningful limits can be given in the case of an isotropic neutrino emission, the parameter space for a jetted emission can be constrained. Future analyses with the full 86 string IceCube detector could detect up to similar to 100 events for a core-collapse supernova at 10 Mpc according to the soft jet model.

  • 7. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. Bazo
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. -H
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Braun, J.
    Buitink, S.
    Carson, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clem, J.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Davis, J. C.
    De Clercq, C.
    Demiroers, L.
    Depaepe, O.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Duvoort, M. R.
    Ehrlich, R.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegård, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Foerster, M. M.
    Fox, B. D.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Geisler, M.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Helbing, K.
    Herquet, P.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Hubert, D.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Huelss, J. -P
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Johansson, H.
    Joseph, J. M.
    Kampert, K. H.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kelley, J. L.
    Kemming, N.
    Kenny, P.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Koehne, J. -H
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Koepke, L.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Krings, T.
    Kroll, G.
    Kuehn, K.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Lafebre, S.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Lehmann, R.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Majumdar, P.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Matusik, M.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, Jonathan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Niessen, P.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Ono, M.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    de los Heros, Carlos Perez
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Petrovic, J.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Porrata, R.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Prikockis, M.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Rizzo, A.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Roth, P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. -G
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schlenstedt, S.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Singh, K.
    Slipak, A.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stephens, G.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoyanov, S.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Straszheim, T.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Swillens, Q.
    Taavola, Henric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Tarasova, O.
    Tepe, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    Turcan, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Voge, M.
    Voigt, B.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Wikstroem, G.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Constraints on high-energy neutrino emission from SN 2008D2011In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 527, no 4, p. A28-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SN 2008D, a core collapse supernova at a distance of 27 Mpc, was serendipitously discovered by the Swift satellite through an associated X-ray flash. Core collapse supernovae have been observed in association with long gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes and a physical connection is widely assumed. This connection could imply that some core collapse supernovae possess mildly relativistic jets in which high-energy neutrinos are produced through proton-proton collisions. The predicted neutrino spectra would be detectable by Cherenkov neutrino detectors like IceCube. A search for a neutrino signal in temporal and spatial correlation with the observed X-ray flash of SN 2008D was conducted using data taken in 2007-2008 with 22 strings of the IceCube detector. Events were selected based on a boosted decision tree classifier trained with simulated signal and experimental background data. The classifier was optimized to the position and a "soft jet" neutrino spectrum assumed for SN 2008D. Using three search windows placed around the X-ray peak, emission time scales from 100-10 000 s were probed. No events passing the cuts were observed in agreement with the signal expectation of 0.13 events. Upper limits on the muon neutrino flux from core collapse supernovae were derived for different emission time scales and the principal model parameters were constrained. While no meaningful limits can be given in the case of an isotropic neutrino emission, the parameter space for a jetted emission can be constrained. Future analyses with the full 86 string IceCube detector could detect up to similar to 100 events for a core-collapse supernova at 10 Mpc according to the soft jet model.

  • 8. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Abramowski, A.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Andersson, T.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Arrieta, M.
    Aubert, P.
    Backes, M.
    Balzer, A.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Berge, D.
    Bernhard, S.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bordas, P.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Carr, J.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Chen, A.
    Chevalier, J.
    Chretien, M.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Cologna, G.
    Condon, B.
    Conrad, J.
    Couturier, C.
    Cui, Y.
    Davids, I. D.
    Degrange, B.
    Deil, C.
    Devin, J.
    dewilt, P.
    Dirson, L.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Domainko, W.
    Donath, A.
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Dutson, K.
    Dyks, J.
    Edwards, T.
    Egberts, K.
    Eger, P.
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Farnier, C.
    Fegan, S.
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Forster, A.
    Funk, S.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gabici, S.
    Gajdus, M.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Garrigoux, T.
    Giavitto, G.
    Giebels, B.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Gottschall, D.
    Goyal, A.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Hahn, J.
    Haupt, M.
    Hawkes, J.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hervet, O.
    Hillert, A.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hoischen, C.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Ivascenko, A.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Janiak, M.
    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jingo, M.
    Jogler, T.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    Kieffer, M.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Klochkov, D.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Komin, Nu.
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Kraus, M.
    Krayzel, F.
    Kruger, P. P.
    Laffon, H.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lefranc, V.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lorentz, M.
    Liu, R.
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Lypova, I.
    Marandon, V.
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Maxted, N.
    Mayer, M.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Meyer, M.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Mora, K.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    de Naurois, M.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    O'Brien, P.
    Odaka, H.
    Oul, S.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I.
    Padovani, M.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Pekeur, N. W.
    Pelletier, G.
    Perennes, C.
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Pita, S.
    Poon, H.
    Prokhorov, D.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Rieger, F.
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Sahakian, V.
    Salek, D.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schussler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Settimo, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I.
    Simoni, R.
    Sol, H.
    Spanier, F.
    Spengler, G.
    Spies, F.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    Sushch, I.
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tiziani, D.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    van Edik, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Wagner, R. M.
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Willmann, P.
    Woernlein, A.
    Wouters, D.
    Yang, R.
    Zabalza, V.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zywucka, N.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Baldini, L.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bonino, R.
    Bregeon, J.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caragiulo, M.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Cecchi, C.
    Chiang, J.
    Chiaro, G.
    Ciprini, S.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Costanza, F.
    Cutini, S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    de Palma, F.
    Desiante, R.
    Di Lalla, N.
    Di Mauro, M.
    Di Venere, L.
    Donaggio, B.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Focke, W. B.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Horan, D.
    Johannesson, G.
    Kamae, T.
    Kensei, S.
    Kocevski, D.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Li, J.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Maldera, S.
    Manfreda, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Negro, M.
    Nuss, E.
    Orienti, M.
    Orlando, E.
    Paneque, D.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Pivato, G.
    Porter, T. A.
    Principe, G.
    Raino, S.
    Razzano, M.
    Simone, D.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Spada, F.
    Spinelli, P.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Torres, D. F.
    Torresi, E.
    Troja, E.
    Vianello, G.
    Wood, K. S.
    Gamma-ray blazar spectra with HESS II mono analysis: The case of PKS2155-304 and PG1553+1132017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 600, article id A89Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment's sensitivity to lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument's energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift >= 0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155-304 (z = 0.116) and PG 1553 + 113 (0.43 < z < 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). Aims. The aims of this work are twofold: to demonstrate the monoscopic analysis of CT5 data with a low energy threshold, and to obtain accurate measurements of the spectral energy distributions (SED) of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553 + 113 near their SED peaks at energies approximate to 100 GeV. Methods. Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument (CT1-5). A monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral parameters which are derived from this analysis. Results. Using the data from CT5, the energy spectra of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were reconstructed down to conservative threshold energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155 304, which transits near zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553 + 113. The measured spectra, well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model ( with a 5.0 similar to statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155 304 and 4.5 sigma for PG 1553+113), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E approximate to 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi-LAT spectrum of PKS 2155 304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113, however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties.

  • 9.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University.
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm University.
    Mitche, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm University.
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm University.
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Wale, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm University.
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Bamba, A.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.;Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Fukui, Y.
    Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.;Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Sano, H.
    Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.;Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Yoshiike, S.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with HESS2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A search for new supernova remnants (SNRs) has been conducted using TeV gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey. As an identification criterion, shell morphologies that are characteristic for known resolved TeV SNRs have been used. Three new SNR candidates were identified in the H.E.S.S. data set with this method. Extensive multiwavelength searches for counterparts were conducted. A radio SNR candidate has been identified to be a counterpart to HESS J1534-571. The TeV source is therefore classified as a SNR. For the other two sources, HESS J1614-518 and HESS J1912 + 101, no identifying counterparts have been found, thus they remain SNR candidates for the time being. TeV-emitting SNRs are key objects in the context of identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic rays. The TeV emission of the relativistic particles in the new sources is examined in view of possible leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios, taking the current multiwavelength knowledge into account.

  • 10.
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    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    North-West University, South Africa ; University of Hamburg, Germany ; Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophy 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Paris Diderot University, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophy 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowski, F.
    Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Mail H30,POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia..
    Keane, E. F.
    SKA Org, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, UK;ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, New York, NY USA..
    Petroff, E.
    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, Post Bus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands..
    First limits on the very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission of a fast radio burst HESS observations of FRB 1504182017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 597, article id A115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. Following the detection of the fast radio burst FRB150418 by the SUPERB project at the Parkes radio telescope, we aim to search for very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission. Methods. Follow-up observations in the very-high energy gamma-ray domain were obtained with the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope system within 14.5 h of the radio burst. Results. The obtained 1.4 h of gamma-ray observations are presented and discussed. At the 99% C.L. we obtained an integral upper limit on the gamma-ray flux of Phi(gamma)(E > 350 GeV) < 1.33 x 10(-8) m(-2) s(-1). Differential flux upper limits as function of the photon energy were derived and used to constrain the intrinsic high-energy afterglow emission of FRB 150418. Conclusions. No hints for high-energy afterglow emission of FRB 150418 were found. Taking absorption on the extragalactic background light into account and assuming a distance of z = 0 : 492 based on radio and optical counterpart studies and consistent with the FRB dispersion, we constrain the gamma-ray luminosity at 1 TeV to L < 5 : 1 x 10(47) erg/s at 99% C.L.

  • 11.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM,UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia.;Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Forster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl 4, Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oul, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, DFG, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl 4, Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Edik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Ackermann, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ajello, M.
    Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA..
    Baldini, L.
    Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Barbiellini, G.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy..
    Bellazzini, R.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Blandford, R. D.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Bonino, R.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.;Univ Studi Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Bruel, P.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Buehler, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy..
    Cameron, R. A.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Caragiulo, M.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Caraveo, P. A.
    INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy..
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy..
    Cecchi, C.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.;Univ Studi Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Chiang, J.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Chiaro, G.
    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Ciprini, S.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Costanza, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Cutini, S.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    D'Ammando, F.
    Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.;Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy..
    de Palma, F.
    Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Univ Telemat Pegaso Piazza Trieste & Trento, I-80132 Naples, Italy..
    Desiante, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy..
    Di Lalla, N.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Di Mauro, M.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Di Venere, L.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Donaggio, B.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Favuzzi, C.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Focke, W. B.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Fusco, P.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Gargano, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Gasparrini, D.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Giglietto, N.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Giordano, F.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Giroletti, M.
    Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy..
    Guillemot, L.
    Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environnement & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.;Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France..
    Guiriec, S.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Horan, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Johannesson, G.
    Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Kamae, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Kensei, S.
    Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan..
    Gamma-ray blazar spectra with HESS II mono analysis: The case of PKS2155-304 and PG1553+1132017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 600, article id A89Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment's sensitivity to lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument's energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift >= 0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155-304 (z = 0.116) and PG 1553 + 113 (0.43 < z < 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). Aims. The aims of this work are twofold: to demonstrate the monoscopic analysis of CT5 data with a low energy threshold, and to obtain accurate measurements of the spectral energy distributions (SED) of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553 + 113 near their SED peaks at energies approximate to 100 GeV. Methods. Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument (CT1-5). A monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral parameters which are derived from this analysis. Results. Using the data from CT5, the energy spectra of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were reconstructed down to conservative threshold energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155 304, which transits near zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553 + 113. The measured spectra, well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model ( with a 5.0 similar to statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155 304 and 4.5 sigma for PG 1553+113), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E approximate to 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi-LAT spectrum of PKS 2155 304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113, however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties.

  • 12.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Bernlorhr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,, France.
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, France.
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Poland.
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, France.
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.; Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Chretien, M.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, France.
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Namibia.
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Degrange, B.
    CNRS, France.
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, England.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm Univ.
    Fegan, S.
    CNRS, France.
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Fontaine, G.
    CNRS, France.
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, Germany.
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, Germany.
    Giebels, B.
    CNRS, France.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Goyal, A.
    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, Germany.
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.; Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
    Holler, M.
    CNRS, France.
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Poland.
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Er, M. Kie Ff
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, Germany.
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, France.
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, France.
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, Germany.
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Mariaud, C.
    CNRS, IN2P3, France.
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, South Africa.
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    de Naurois, M.
    CNRS, IN2P3, France.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, England.
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Oettl, S.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, Germany.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Oya, I.
    DESY, Germany.
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.; CNRS, France.
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Reimer, A.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Reimer, O.
    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany ; ITA Univ Heidelberg, Germany.
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
    Schussler, F.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, Germany.
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Settimo, M.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, .
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Ert, Ff
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Germany.; DESY, Germany.
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, Germany.
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland.
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Tiziani, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, France.
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Japan.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, South Africa.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, France.
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, .
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, England.
    Zaborov, D.
    CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, France.
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Zefi, F.
    CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, France.
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Characterizing the γ-ray long-term variability of PKS2155 304 with HESS and Fermi-LAT2017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 598, article id A39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studying the temporal variability of BL Lac objects at the highest energies provides unique insights into the extreme physical processes occurring in relativistic jets and in the vicinity of super-massive black holes. To this end, the long-term variability of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 is analyzed in the high (HE, 100MeV < E < 300 GeV) and very high energy (VHE, E > 200 GeV) gamma-ray domain. Over the course of similar to 9 yr of H. E. S. S. observations the VHE light curve in the quiescent state is consistent with a log-normal behavior. The VHE variability in this state is well described by flicker noise (power-spectral-density index βVHE = 1 .10+ 0.10-0,13) on timescales larger than one day. An analysis of similar to 5.5 yr of HE Fermi-LAT data gives consistent results (βHE = 1 .20+ 0.21-0.23, on timescales larger than 10 days) compatible with the VHE findings. The HE and VHE power spectral densities show a scale invariance across the probed time ranges. A direct linear correlation between the VHE and HE fluxes could neither be excluded nor firmly established. These long-term-variability properties are discussed and compared to the red noise behavior (beta similar to 2) seen on shorter timescales during VHE-flaring states. The difference in power spectral noise behavior at VHE energies during quiescent and flaring states provides evidence that these states are influenced by different physical processes, while the compatibility of the HE and VHE long-term results is suggestive of a common physical link as it might be introduced by an underlying jet-disk connection.

  • 13.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy ofSciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüer, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.;Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chevalier, J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Cologna, G.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Condon, B.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Conrad, J.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Davids, I. D.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de Wilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Dyks, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Tubingen, Germany.
    Fegan, S.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fontaine, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Fuessling, M.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Giebels, B.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Goyal, A.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Janiak, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Jogler, T.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    ITA Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Katz, U.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Kruger, P. P.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lamanna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Meyer, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mohamed, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Mora, K.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Nakashima, S.
    de Naurois, M.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Ohm, S.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Oya, I.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Leicester, UK.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Raab, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Salek, D.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sasaki, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Shilon, I.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Stycz, K.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Sushch, I.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    van Rensburg, C.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Venter, C.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Woernlein, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Zywucka, N.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Measurement of the EBL spectral energy distribution using the VHE gamma-ray spectra of HESS blazars2017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 606, article id A59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Very high-energy gamma rays (VHE, E greater than or similar to 100 GeV) propagating over cosmological distances can interact with the low-energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs. The transparency of the Universe to VHE gamma rays is then directly related to the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the EBL. The observation of features in the VHE energy spectra of extragalactic sources allows the EBL to be measured, which otherwise is very difficult. An EBL model-independent measurement of the EBL SED with the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes is presented. It was obtained by extracting the EBL absorption signal from the reanalysis of high-quality spectra of blazars. From H.E.S.S. data alone the EBL signature is detected at a significance of 9.5 sigma, and the intensity of the EBL obtained in different spectral bands is presented together with the associated gamma-ray horizon.

  • 14.
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    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
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    Rikkyo University, Japan.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University, Sweden.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venters, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with HESS2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 104 yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual gamma-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total gamma-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE gamma-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13-0.11.

  • 15.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Fac Phys, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Richter, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heisenberg Fellow DFG, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rudak, B.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Sahakian, V.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Saito, S.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schulz, A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schwanke, U.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Shafi, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Simoni, R.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Spanier, F.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spengler, G.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spies, F.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Stawarz, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stycz, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Terrier, R.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Runaway stars form bow shocks by ploughing through the interstellar medium at supersonic speeds and are promising sources of non-thermal emission of photons. One of these objects has been found to emit non-thermal radiation in the radio band. This triggered the development of theoretical models predicting non-thermal photons from radio up to very-high-energy (VHE, E >= 0.1 TeV) gamma rays. Subsequently, one bow shock was also detected in X-ray observations. However, the data did not allow discrimination between a hot thermal and a non-thermal origin. Further observations of different candidates at X-ray energies showed no evidence for emission at the position of the bow shocks either. A systematic search in the Fermi-LAT energy regime resulted in flux upper limits for 27 candidates listed in the E-BOSS catalogue. Aims. Here we perform the first systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. Methods. Using all available archival H.E.S.S. data we search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission at the positions of bow shock candidates listed in the second E-BOSS catalogue release. Out of the 73 bow shock candidates in this catalogue, 32 have been observed with H.E.S.S. Results. None of the observed 32 bow shock candidates in this population study show significant emission in the H.E.S.S. energy range. Therefore, flux upper limits are calculated in five energy bins and the fraction of the kinetic wind power that is converted into VHE gamma rays is constrained. Conclusions. Emission from stellar bow shocks is not detected in the energy range between 0.14 and 18 TeV. The resulting upper limits constrain the level of VHE gamma-ray emission from these objects down to 0.1-1% of the kinetic wind energy.

  • 16.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Carrigan, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachgebiet Bauphys Energet Gebaudeoptimierung, Paul Ehrlich Str,Gebaude 29,Raum 214, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;CSIC, IEEC, Inst Space Sci, Campus UAB,Caner Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Valerius, K.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.;Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nucl Phys, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the HESS Galactic Plane Survey2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The nine-year H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) has yielded the most uniform observation scan of the inner Milky Way in the TeV gamma-ray band to date. The sky maps and source catalogue of the HGPS allow for a systematic study of the population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae found throughout the last decade. To investigate the nature and evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, for the first time we also present several upper limits for regions around pulsars without a detected TeV wind nebula. Our data exhibit a correlation of TeV surface brightness with pulsar spindown power (E) over dot. This seems to be caused both by an increase of extension with decreasing (E) over dot, and hence with time, compatible with a power law R-PWN((E) over dot) similar to(E) over dot(0.65 +/- 0.20), and by a mild decrease of TeV gamma-ray luminosity with decreasing (E) over dot, compatible with L-1 (10 TeV) similar to (E) over dot(0.59 +/- 0.21). We also find that the off sets of pulsars with respect to the wind nebula centre with ages around 10 kyr are frequently larger than can be plausibly explained by pulsar proper motion and could be due to an asymmetric environment. In the present data, it seems that a large pulsar off set is correlated with a high apparent TeV efficiency L1- 10 TeV / (E) over dot. In addition to 14 HGPS sources considered firmly identified pulsar wind nebulae and 5 additional pulsar wind nebulae taken from literature, we find 10 HGPS sources that are likely TeV pulsar wind nebula candidates. Using a model that subsumes the present common understanding of the very high-energy radiative evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, we find that the trends and variations of the TeV observables and limits can be reproduced to a good level, drawing a consistent picture of present-day TeV data and theory.

  • 17.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fukuyama, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanie, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Edik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Volpe, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    HESS observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution: Evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Supernova remnants exhibit shock fronts (shells) that can accelerate charged particles up to very high energies. In the past decade, measurements of a handful of shell-type supernova remnants in very high-energy gamma rays have provided unique insights into the acceleration process. Among those objects, RX J1713.7-3946 (also known as G347.3-0.5) has the largest surface brightness, allowing us in the past to perform the most comprehensive study of morphology and spatially resolved spectra of any such very high-energy gamma-ray source. Here we present extensive new H.E.S.S. measurements of RX J1713.7-3946, almost doubling the observation time compared to our previous publication. Combined with new improved analysis tools, the previous sensitivity is more than doubled. The H.E.S.S. angular resolution of 0.048 degrees (0.036 degrees above 2 TeV) is unprecedented in gamma-ray astronomy and probes physical scales of 0.8 (0.6) parsec at the remnant's location. The new H. E. S. S. image of RX J1713.7-3946 allows us to reveal clear morphological di ff erences between X-rays and gamma rays. In particular, for the outer edge of the brightest shell region, we find the first ever indication for particles in the process of leaving the acceleration shock region. By studying the broadband energy spectrum, we furthermore extract properties of the parent particle populations, providing new input to the discussion of the leptonic or hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission mechanism.

  • 18.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüner, O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, HW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan..
    The supernova remnant W49B as seen with HESS and Fermi-LAT2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The supernova remnant (SNR) W49B originated from a core-collapse supernova that occurred between one and four thousand years ago, and subsequently evolved into a mixed-morphology remnant, which is interacting with molecular clouds (MC). Gamma-ray observations of SNR-MC associations are a powerful tool to constrain the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, as they can probe the acceleration of hadrons through their interaction with the surrounding medium and subsequent emission of non-thermal photons. We report the detection of a gamma-ray source coincident with W49B at very high energies (VHE; E > 100 GeV) with the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes together with a study of the source with five years of Fermi-LAT high-energy gamma-ray (0.06-300 GeV) data. The smoothly connected, combined source spectrum, measured from 60 MeV to multi-TeV energies, shows two significant spectral breaks at 304 +/- 20 MeV and 8.4(-2.5)(+2.5) GeV; the latter is constrained by the joint fit from the two instruments. The detected spectral features are similar to those observed in several other SNR-MC associations and are found to be indicative of gamma-ray emission produced through neutral-pion decay.

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    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jingo, M.
    Jogler, T.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    Kieffer, M.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Klochkov, D.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Komin, Nu.
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Kraus, M.
    Krayzel, F.
    Krueger, P. P.
    Laffon, H.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lees, J. -P.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lefranc, V.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J. -P.
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lorentz, M.
    Liu, R.
    Lypova, I.
    Marandon, V.
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Maxted, N.
    Mayer, M.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Menzler, U.
    Meyer, M.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Mora, K.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    de Naurois, M.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    Odaka, H.
    Oettl, S.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I.
    Padovani, M.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Pekeur, N. W.
    Pelletier, G.
    Petrucci, P. -O.
    Peyaud, B.
    Pita, S.
    Poona, H.
    Prokhorov, D.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Rieger, F.
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Sahakian, V.
    Salek, D.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schuessler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I.
    Simoni, R.
    Sol, H.
    Spanier, F.
    Spengler, G.
    Spies, F.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    Sushch, I.
    Tavernet, J. -P.
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tuffs, R.
    van der Walt, J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venters, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Wagner, R. M.
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Willmann, P.
    Woernlein, A.
    Wouters, D.
    Yang, R.
    Zabalza, V.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zywucka, N.
    A search for very high-energy flares from the microquasars GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr using contemporaneous HESS and RXTE observations2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Microquasars are potential gamma-ray emitters. Indications of transient episodes of gamma-ray emission were recently reported in at least two systems: Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3. The identification of additional gamma-ray-emitting microquasars is required to better understand how gamma-ray emission can be produced in these systems.

    Aims. Theoretical models have predicted very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from microquasars during periods of transient outburst. Observations reported herein were undertaken with the objective of observing a broadband flaring event in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands.

    Methods. Contemporaneous observations of three microquasars, GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, were obtained using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. X-ray analyses for each microquasar were performed and VHE gamma-ray upper limits from contemporaneous H.E.S.S. observations were derived.

    Results. No significant gamma-ray signal has been detected in any of the three systems. The integral gamma-ray photon flux at the observational epochs is constrained to be I(>560 GeV) < 7.3 x 10(-13) cm(-2) S-1, I(>560 GeV) < 1.2 x 10-(12) cm s(-1), and I(>240 GeV) < 4.5 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) for GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, respectively.

    Conclusions. The gamma-ray upper limits obtained using H.E.S.S. are examined in the context of previous Cherenkov telescope observations of microquasars. The effect of intrinsic absorption is modelled for each target and found to have negligible impact on the flux of escaping gamma-rays. When combined with the X-ray behaviour observed using RXTE, the derived results indicate that if detectable VHE gamma-ray emission from microquasars is commonplace, then it is likely to be highly transient.

  • 20. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Abramowski, A.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Arrieta, M.
    Aubert, P.
    Backes, M.
    Balzer, A.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Berge, D.
    Bernhard, S.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Birsin, E.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Carr, J.
    Casanova, S.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Chen, A.
    Chevalier, J.
    Chretien, M.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Cologna, G.
    Condon, B.
    Conrad, J.
    Cui, Y.
    Davids, I. D.
    Degrange, B.
    Deil, C.
    deWilt, P.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Domainko, W.
    Donath, A.
    Drury, L. O'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Dutson, K.
    Dyks, J.
    Dyrda, M.
    Edwards, T.
    Egberts, K.
    Eger, P.
    Ernenwein, J. -P.
    Eschbach, S.
    Farnier, Christian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC). Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Fegan, S.
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Foerster, A.
    Funk, S.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gabici, S.
    Gajdus, M.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Garrigoux, T.
    Giavitto, G.
    Giebels, B.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Gottschall, D.
    Goyal, A.
    Grondin, M. -H.
    Grudzinska, M.
    Hadasch, D.
    Hahn, J.
    Hawkes, J.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hervet, O.
    Hillert, A.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hoischen, C.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Ivascenko, A.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Janiak, M.
    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jingo, M.
    Jogler, T.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    Kieffer, M.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Klochkov, D.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Komin, Nu.
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Kraus, M.
    Krayzel, F.
    Kruger, P. P.
    Laffon, H.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lees, J. -P.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lefranc, V.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J. -P.
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lorentz, M.
    Liu, R.
    Lypova, I.
    Marandon, V.
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Maxted, N.
    Mayer, M.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Menzler, U.
    Meyer, Manuel
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Morå, Knut
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    de Naurois, M.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    Odaka, H.
    Oettl, S.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I.
    Padovani, M.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Pekeur, N. W.
    Pelletier, G.
    Petrucci, P. -O.
    Peyaud, B.
    Pita, S.
    Poon, H.
    Prokhorov, D.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Rieger, F.
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Sahakian, V.
    Salek, D.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schussler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I.
    Simoni, R.
    Sol, H.
    Spanier, F.
    Spengler, Gerrit
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Spies, F.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    Sushch, I.
    Tavernet, J. -P.
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tuffs, R.
    van der Walt, J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Willmann, P.
    Woernlein, A.
    Wouters, D.
    Yang, R.
    Zabalza, V.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zywucka, N.
    Extended VHE gamma-ray emission towards SGR1806-20, LBV 1806-20, and stellar cluster Cl*1806-202018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes we have discovered a steady and extended very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source towards the luminous blue variable candidate LBV 1806-20, massive stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20, and magnetar SGR 1806-20. The new VHE source, HESS J1808-204, was detected at a statistical significance of >6 sigma (post-trial) with a photon flux normalisation (2.9 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.5(sys)) x 10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 at 1 TeV and a power-law photon index of 2.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The luminosity of this source (0.2 to 10 TeV; scaled to distance d = 8 : 7 kpc) is L-VHE similar to 1.6 x 10(34)(d = 8.7 kpc)(2) erg s(-1). The VHE gamma-ray emission is extended and is well fit by a single Gaussian with statistical standard deviation of 0.095 degrees +/- 0.015 degrees. This extension is similar to that of the synchrotron radio nebula G10.0-0.3, which is thought to be powered by LBV 1806-20. The VHE gamma-ray luminosity could be provided by the stellar wind luminosity of LBV 1806-20 by itself and/or the massive star members of Cl* 1806-20. Alternatively, magnetic dissipation (e.g. via reconnection) from SGR 1806-20 can potentially account for the VHE luminosity. The origin and hadronic and/or leptonic nature of the accelerated particles responsible for HESS J1808-204 is not yet clear. If associated with SGR 1806 20, the potentially young age of the magnetar (650 yr) can be used to infer the transport limits of these particles to match the VHE source size. This discovery provides new interest in the potential for high-energy particle acceleration from magnetars, massive stars, and/or stellar clusters.

  • 21.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bilchele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goya, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitche, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Deeper HESS observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0-4622): Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We study gamma-ray emission from the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) RXJ0852.0-4622 to better characterize its spectral properties and its distribution over the SNR. Methods. The analysis of an extended High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data set at very high energies (E > 100 GeV) permits detailed studies, as well as spatially resolved spectroscopy, of the morphology and spectrum of the whole RXJ0852.0-4622 region. The H.E.S.S. data are combined with archival data from other wavebands and interpreted in the framework of leptonic and hadronic models. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the direct determination of the spectral characteristics of the parent particle population in leptonic and hadronic scenarios using only GeV-TeV data. Results. An updated analysis of the H.E.S.S. data shows that the spectrum of the entire SNR connects smoothly to the high-energy spectrum measured by Fermi-LAT. The increased data set makes it possible to demonstrate that the H.E.S.S. spectrum deviates significantly from a power law and is well described by both a curved power law and a power law with an exponential cutoff at an energy of E-cut = (6.7 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 1.2(syst)) TeV. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the unambiguous identification of the spectral shape as a power law with an exponential cutoff. No significant evidence is found for a variation of the spectral parameters across the SNR, suggesting similar conditions of particle acceleration across the remnant. A simple modeling using one particle population to model the SNR emission demonstrates that both leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios remain plausible. It is also shown that at least a part of the shell emission is likely due to the presence of a pulsar wind nebula around PSR J0855-4644.

  • 22.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goya, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poona, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-069120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    A search for very high-energy flares from the microquasars GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr using contemporaneous HESS and RXTE observations2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Microquasars are potential gamma-ray emitters. Indications of transient episodes of gamma-ray emission were recently reported in at least two systems: Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3. The identification of additional gamma-ray-emitting microquasars is required to better understand how gamma-ray emission can be produced in these systems. Aims. Theoretical models have predicted very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from microquasars during periods of transient outburst. Observations reported herein were undertaken with the objective of observing a broadband flaring event in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands. Methods. Contemporaneous observations of three microquasars, GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, were obtained using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. X-ray analyses for each microquasar were performed and VHE gamma-ray upper limits from contemporaneous H.E.S.S. observations were derived. Results. No significant gamma-ray signal has been detected in any of the three systems. The integral gamma-ray photon flux at the observational epochs is constrained to be I(>560 GeV) < 7.3 x 10(-13) cm(-2) S-1, I(>560 GeV) < 1.2 x 10-(12) cm s(-1), and I(>240 GeV) < 4.5 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) for GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, respectively. Conclusions. The gamma-ray upper limits obtained using H.E.S.S. are examined in the context of previous Cherenkov telescope observations of microquasars. The effect of intrinsic absorption is modelled for each target and found to have negligible impact on the flux of escaping gamma-rays. When combined with the X-ray behaviour observed using RXTE, the derived results indicate that if detectable VHE gamma-ray emission from microquasars is commonplace, then it is likely to be highly transient.

  • 23.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University, Sweden.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Fac Phys, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heisenberg Fellow DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Schussler, F.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Extended VHE gamma-ray emission towards SGR1806-20, LBV 1806-20, and stellar cluster Cl*1806-202018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes we have discovered a steady and extended very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source towards the luminous blue variable candidate LBV 1806-20, massive stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20, and magnetar SGR 1806-20. The new VHE source, HESS J1808-204, was detected at a statistical significance of >6 sigma (post-trial) with a photon flux normalisation (2.9 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.5(sys)) x 10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 at 1 TeV and a power-law photon index of 2.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The luminosity of this source (0.2 to 10 TeV; scaled to distance d = 8 : 7 kpc) is L-VHE similar to 1.6 x 10(34)(d = 8.7 kpc)(2) erg s(-1). The VHE gamma-ray emission is extended and is well fit by a single Gaussian with statistical standard deviation of 0.095 degrees +/- 0.015 degrees. This extension is similar to that of the synchrotron radio nebula G10.0-0.3, which is thought to be powered by LBV 1806-20. The VHE gamma-ray luminosity could be provided by the stellar wind luminosity of LBV 1806-20 by itself and/or the massive star members of Cl* 1806-20. Alternatively, magnetic dissipation (e.g. via reconnection) from SGR 1806-20 can potentially account for the VHE luminosity. The origin and hadronic and/or leptonic nature of the accelerated particles responsible for HESS J1808-204 is not yet clear. If associated with SGR 1806 20, the potentially young age of the magnetar (650 yr) can be used to infer the transport limits of these particles to match the VHE source size. This discovery provides new interest in the potential for high-energy particle acceleration from magnetars, massive stars, and/or stellar clusters.

  • 24.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland;Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
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    Rikkyo Univ, Japan.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    PSL Res Univ, France.
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    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Wallenberg Acad Fellow, S-10322 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O ' C
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sushch, I
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J-P
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,CNRS,IN2P3,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Mont pellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Magill, J. D.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Buson, S.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.;NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Cheung, C. C.
    Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA..
    Perkins, J. S.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Tanaka, Y.
    Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan..
    The gamma-ray spectrum of the core of Centaurus A as observed with HESS and Fermi-LAT2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 619, article id A71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Centaurus A (Cen A) is the nearest radio galaxy discovered as a very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV-100 TeV) gamma-ray source by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). It is a faint VHE gamma-ray emitter, though its VHE flux exceeds both the extrapolation from early Fermi-LAT observations as well as expectations from a (misaligned) single-zone synchrotron-self Compton (SSC) description. The latter satisfactorily reproduces the emission from Cen A at lower energies up to a few GeV. New observations with H.E.S.S., comparable in exposure time to those previously reported, were performed and eight years of Fermi-LAT data were accumulated to clarify the spectral characteristics of the gamma-ray emission from the core of Cen A. The results allow us for the first time to achieve the goal of constructing a representative, contemporaneous gamma-ray core spectrum of Cen A over almost five orders of magnitude in energy. Advanced analysis methods, including the template fitting method, allow detection in the VHE range of the core with a statistical significance of 12 sigma on the basis of 213 hours of total exposure time. The spectrum in the energy range of 250 GeV-6 TeV is compatible with a power-law function with a photon index Gamma = 2.52 +/- 0.13(stat) +/- 0.20(sys). An updated Fermi-LAT analysis provides evidence for spectral hardening by Delta Gamma similar or equal to 0.4 +/- 0.1 at gamma-ray energies above 2.8(-0.6)(+1.0) GeV at a level of 4.0 sigma. The fact that the spectrum hardens at GeV energies and extends into the VHE regime disfavour a single-zone SSC interpretation for the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) of the core and is suggestive of a new gamma-ray emitting component connecting the high-energy emission above the break energy to the one observed at VHE energies. The absence of significant variability at both GeV and TeV energies does not yet allow disentanglement of the physical nature of this component, though a jet-related origin is possible and a simple two-zone SED model fit is provided to this end.

  • 25.
    Abdalla, H.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Armand, C.
    University of Savoy, France.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Berge, D.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Buechele, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Caroff, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.;Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chevalier, J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Condon, B.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Conrad, J.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    O'Cdrury, L.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Dyks, J.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fontaine, G.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Funk, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Gate, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Giavitto, G.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Glawion, D.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Katz, U.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Klochkov, D.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Kraus, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lamanna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Malyshev, D.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    ITA Univ Heidelberg, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Mohamed, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Mohrmann, L.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Nakashima, S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    de Naurois, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Ohm, S.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Perennes, C.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Poireau, V.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Raab, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Santangelo, A.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek 13301, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.;Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steppa, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Tuffs, R.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Stanford Univ, Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    van Rensburg, C.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    van Soelen, B.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Veh, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Venter, C.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Viana, A.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Vink, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Voisin, F.
    Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Voelk, H. J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Wagner, R. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Woernlein, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Wouters, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Zacharias, M.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Zanin, R.
    Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano 3841805, Japan..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Zech, A.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Zefi, F.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, CEA Irfu, APC,Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS IN2P3, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Enokiya, R.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Fukui, Y.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Hayakawa, T.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Okuda, T.
    Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano 3841805, Japan..
    Torii, K.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Yamamoto, H.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    HESS J1741-302: a hidden accelerator in the Galactic plane2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The H.E.S.S. Collaboration has discovered a new very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray source, HESS J1741-302, located in the Galactic plane. Despite several attempts to constrain its nature, no plausible counterpart has been found so far at X-ray and MeV/GeV gamma-ray energies, and the source remains unidentified. An analysis of 145-h of observations of HESS J1741-302 at VHEs has revealed a steady and relatively weak TeV source (similar to 1% of the Crab Nebula flux), with a spectral index of Gamma = 2.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.2(sys), extending to energies up to 10 TeV without any clear signature of a cut-off. In a hadronic scenario, such a spectrum implies an object with particle acceleration up to energies of several hundred TeV. Contrary to most H.E.S.S. unidentified sources, the angular size of HESS J1741-302 is compatible with the H.E.S.S. point spread function at VHEs, with an extension constrained to be below 0.068 degrees at a 99% confidence level. The gamma-ray emission detected by H.E.S.S. can be explained both within a hadronic scenario, due to collisions of protons with energies of hundreds of TeV with dense molecular clouds, and in a leptonic scenario, as a relic pulsar wind nebula, possibly powered by the middle-aged (20 kyr) pulsar PSR B1737-30. A binary scenario, related to the compact radio source 1LC 358.266+0.038 found to be spatially coincident with the best fit position of HESS J1741-302, is also envisaged.

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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Polish Acad Sci ences, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Ave Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci ences, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Detection of variable VHE gamma-ray emission from the extra-galactic gamma-ray binary LMC P32018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 610, article id L17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Recently, the high-energy (HE, 0.1-100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the object LMC P3 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been discovered to be modulated with a 10.3-day period, making it the first extra-galactic gamma-ray binary. Aims. This work aims at the detection of very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray emission and the search for modulation of the VHE signal with the orbital period of the binary system. Methods. LMC P3 has been observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.); the acceptance-corrected exposure time is 100 h. The data set has been folded with the known orbital period of the system in order to test for variability of the emission. Results. VHE gamma-ray emission is detected with a statistical significance of 6.4 sigma. The data clearly show variability which is phase-locked to the orbital period of the system. Periodicity cannot be deduced from the H.E.S.S. data set alone. The orbit-averaged luminosity in the 1-10 TeV energy range is (1.4 +/- 0.2) x 10(35) erg s(-1). A luminosity of (5 +/- 1) x 10(35) erg s(-1) is reached during 20% of the orbit. HE and VHE gamma-ray emissions are anti-correlated. LMC P3 is the most luminous gamma-ray binary known so far.

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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Rikkyo University, Japan.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Safi-Harb, S.
    Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Population study of Galactic supernova remnants at very high gamma-ray energies with HESS2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered prime candidates for the acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) up to the knee of the CR spectrum at E approximate to 3 x 10(15) eV. Our MilkyWay galaxy hosts more than 350 SNRs discovered at radio wavelengths and at high energies, of which 220 fall into the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) region. Of those, only 50 SNRs are coincident with a H.E.S.S source and in 8 cases the very high-energy (VHE) emission is firmly identified as an SNR. The H.E.S.S. GPS provides us with a legacy for SNR population study in VHE gamma-rays and we use this rich data set to extract VHE flux upper limits from all undetected SNRs. Overall, the derived flux upper limits are not in contradiction with the canonical CR paradigm. Assuming this paradigm holds true, we can constrain typical ambient density values around shell-type SNRs to n <= 7 cm(-3) and electron-to-proton energy fractions above 10 TeV to epsilon(ep) <= 5 x 10(-3). Furthermore, comparisons of VHE with radio luminosities in non-interacting SNRs reveal a behaviour that is in agreement with the theory of magnetic field amplification at shell-type SNRs.

  • 28.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.;Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carrigan, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Gast, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Safi-Harb, S.
    Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schandri, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    The HESS Galactic plane survey2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of the most comprehensive survey of the Galactic plane in very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays, including a public release of Galactic sky maps, a catalog of VHE sources, and the discovery of 16 new sources of VHE gamma-rays. The High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Galactic plane survey (HGPS) was a decade-long observation program carried out by the H.E.S.S. I array of Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia from 2004 to 2013. The observations amount to nearly 2700 h of quality-selected data, covering the Galactic plane at longitudes from l = 250 degrees to 65 degrees and latitudes vertical bar b vertical bar <= 3 degrees. In addition to the unprecedented spatial coverage, the HGPS also features a relatively high angular resolution (0.08 degrees approximate to 5 arcmin mean point spread function 68% containment radius), sensitivity (less than or similar to 1.5% Crab flux for point-like sources), and energy range (0.2-100 TeV). We constructed a catalog of VHE gamma-ray sources from the HGPS data set with a systematic procedure for both source detection and characterization of morphology and spectrum. We present this likelihood-based method in detail, including the introduction of a model component to account for unresolved, large-scale emission along the Galactic plane. In total, the resulting HGPS catalog contains 78 VHE sources, of which 14 are not reanalyzed here, for example, due to their complex morphology, namely shell-like sources and the Galactic center region. Where possible, we provide a firm identification of the VHE source or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. We also studied the characteristics of the VHE sources with source parameter distributions. 16 new sources were previously unknown or unpublished, and we individually discuss their identifications or possible associations. We firmly identified 31 sources as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), supernova remnants (SNRs), composite SNRs, or gamma-ray binaries. Among the 47 sources not yet identified, most of them (36) have possible associations with cataloged objects, notably PWNe and energetic pulsars that could power VHE PWNe.

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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puhlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V.
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Scalici, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spencer, S.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol,APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Tomankova, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.;Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Volk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Watson, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Werner, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the colliding wind binary eta Car with HESS2020In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 635, p. 1-8, article id A167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. Colliding wind binary systems have long been suspected to be high-energy (HE; 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters. eta Car is the most prominent member of this object class and is confirmed to emit phase-locked HE gamma rays from hundreds of MeV to 100 GeV energies. This work aims to search for and characterise the very-high-energy (VHE; E >100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from eta Car around the last periastron passage in 2014 with the ground-based High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.).Methods. The region around eta Car was observed with H.E.S.S. between orbital phase p = 0.78-1.10, with a closer sampling at p approximate to 0.95 and p approximate to 1.10 (assuming a period of 2023 days). Optimised hardware settings as well as adjustments to the data reduction, reconstruction, and signal selection were needed to suppress and take into account the strong, extended, and inhomogeneous night sky background (NSB) in the eta Car field of view. Tailored run-wise Monte-Carlo simulations (RWS) were required to accurately treat the additional noise from NSB photons in the instrument response functions.Results. H.E.S.S. detected VHE gamma-ray emission from the direction of eta Car shortly before and after the minimum in the X-ray light-curve close to periastron. Using the point spread function provided by RWS, the reconstructed signal is point-like and the spectrum is best described by a power law. The overall flux and spectral index in VHE gamma rays agree within statistical and systematic errors before and after periastron. The gamma-ray spectrum extends up to at least 400 GeV. This implies a maximum magnetic field in a leptonic scenario in the emission region of 0.5 Gauss. No indication for phase-locked flux variations is detected in the H.E.S.S. data.

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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Martins, V. Barbosa
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cenuti, M.
    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Curylo, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Drury, L. O ' C
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli IPMU, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Muller, J.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli IPMU, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli IPMU, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N. N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Smith, P. S.
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA..
    HESS detection of very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+0172020In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 633, p. 1-11, article id A162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very high energies (E& x2004;>=& x2004;100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked spectral energy distributions. At present, only six FSRQs are known to emit very high-energy (VHE) photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic catalog, which is largely dominated by high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects. Aims. Following the detection of MeV-GeV gamma-ray flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 0736+017 (z& x2004;=& x2004;0.189) with Fermi-LAT, the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on February 18, 2015, with the goal of studying the gamma-ray emission in the VHE band. Methods. H.E.S.S. ToO observations were carried out during the nights of February 18, 19, 21, and 24, 2015. Together with Fermi-LAT, the multi-wavelength coverage of the flare includes Swift observations in soft X-ray and optical-UV bands, and optical monitoring (photometry and spectro-polarimetry) by the Steward Observatory, and the ATOM, the KAIT, and the ASAS-SN telescopes. Results. VHE emission from PKS 0736+017 was detected with H.E.S.S. only during the night of February 19, 2015. Fermi-LAT data indicate the presence of a gamma-ray flare, peaking at the time of the H.E.S.S. detection, with a flux doubling timescale of around six hours. The gamma-ray flare was accompanied by at least a 1 mag brightening of the non-thermal optical continuum. No simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths are available for the night of the H.E.S.S. detection. The gamma-ray observations with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT are used to put constraints on the location of the gamma-ray emitting region during the flare: it is constrained to be just outside the radius of the broad-line region r(BLR) with a bulk Lorentz factor Gamma& x2004;similar or equal to& x2004;20, or at the level of the radius of the dusty torus r(torus) with Gamma& x2004;similar or equal to& x2004;60. Conclusions. PKS 0736+017 is the seventh FSRQ known to emit VHE photons, and at z& x2004;=& x2004;0.189 is the nearest so far. The location of the gamma-ray emitting region during the flare can be tightly constrained thanks to opacity, variability, and collimation arguments.

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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Anguner, E. O.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej Pan, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Marti Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Levy, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Mackey, J.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Majumdar, J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mares, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej Pan, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10,Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, UMR 7638, CNRS,IN2P3 Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van Der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej Pan, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Constraints on the emission region of 3C 279 during strong flares in 2014 and 2015 through VHE gamma-ray observations with HESS2019In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 627, p. 1-19, article id A159Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is known to exhibit pronounced variability in the high-energy (100MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray band, which is continuously monitored with Fermi-LAT. During two periods of high activity in April 2014 and June 2015 target-of-opportunity observations were undertaken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray domain. While the observation in 2014 provides an upper limit, the observation in 2015 results in a signal with 8 : 7 sigma significance above an energy threshold of 66 GeV. No VHE variability was detected during the 2015 observations. The VHE photon spectrum is soft and described by a power-law index of 4.2 +/- 0.3. The H.E.S.S. data along with a detailed and contemporaneous multiwavelength data set provide constraints on the physical parameters of the emission region. The minimum distance of the emission region from the central black hole was estimated using two plausible geometries of the broad-line region and three potential intrinsic spectra. The emission region is confidently placed at r greater than or similar to 1 : 7 X 1017 cm from the black hole, that is beyond the assumed distance of the broad-line region. Time-dependent leptonic and lepto-hadronic one-zone models were used to describe the evolution of the 2015 flare. Neither model can fully reproduce the observations, despite testing various parameter sets. Furthermore, the H.E.S.S. data were used to derive constraints on Lorentz invariance violation given the large redshift of 3C 279.

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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany;Inst Fiz Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France;Univ Barcelona, Spain.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Ecole Polytech, France.
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    Ecole Polytech, France.
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Inst Polytech Paris, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    Ecole Polytech, Inst Polytech Paris, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    Ecole Polytech, Inst Polytech Paris, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Inst Fiz Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEAIrfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Inst Polytech Paris, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fiz Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Bordas, P.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC, ICC, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain..
    HESS and Fermi-LAT observations of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 during its 2014 and 2017 periastron passages2020In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 633, p. 1-14, article id A102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 is a gamma-ray binary system consisting of a pulsar in an eccentric orbit around a bright Oe stellar-type companion star that features a dense circumstellar disc. The bright broad-band emission observed at phases close to periastron offers a unique opportunity to study particle acceleration and radiation processes in binary systems. Observations at gamma-ray energies constrain these processes through variability and spectral characterisation studies. Aims. The high- and very-high-energy (HE, VHE) gamma-ray emission from PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the times of its periastron passage are characterised, in particular, at the time of the HE gamma-ray flares reported to have occurred in 2011, 2014, and 2017. Short-term and average emission characteristics of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 are determined. Super-orbital variability is searched for in order to investigate possible cycle-to-cycle VHE flux changes due to different properties of the companion star's circumstellar disc and/or the conditions under which the HE gamma-ray flares develop. Methods. Spectra and light curves were derived from observations conducted with the H.E.S.S-II array in 2014 and 2017. Phase-folded light curves are compared with the results obtained in 2004, 2007, and 2011. Fermi-LAT observations from 2010/11, 2014, and 2017 are analysed. Results. A local double-peak profile with asymmetric peaks in the VHE light curve is measured, with a flux minimum at the time of periastron t(p) and two peaks coinciding with the times at which the neutron star crosses the companion's circumstellar disc (similar to t(p) 16 d). A high VHE gamma-ray flux is also observed at the times of the HE gamma-ray flares (similar to t(p) + 30 d) and at phases before the first disc crossing (similar to t(p) - 35 d). The spectral energy range now extends to below 200 GeV and up to similar to 45 TeV. Conclusions. PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 displays periodic flux variability at VHE gamma-rays without clear signatures of super-orbital modulation in the time span covered by the monitoring of the source with the H.E.S.S. telescopes. This flux variability is most probably caused by the changing environmental conditions, particularly at times close to periastron passage at which the neutron star is thought to cross the circumstellar disc of the companion star twice. In contrast, the photon index remains unchanged within uncertainties for about 200 d around periastron. At HE gamma-rays, PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 has now been detected also before and after periastron, close to the disc crossing times. Repetitive flares with distinct variability patterns are detected in this energy range. Such outbursts are not observed at VHEs, although a relatively high emission level is measured. The spectra obtained in both energy regimes displays a similar slope, although a common physical origin either in terms of a related particle population, emission mechanism, or emitter location is ruled out.

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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inste Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, IN2P3, CNRS, Marseille, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Berge, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inste Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Caroff, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Marti Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
    Chand, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Curylo, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, IN2P3, CNRS, Marseille, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Feijen, K.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Fegan, S.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giunti, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inste Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kreter, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Levy, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Mackey, J.
    Dublin Inste Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Majumdar, J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mares, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucleaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Moore, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inste Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inste Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inste Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inste Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Madejski, G. M.
    Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Nalewajko, K.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Madsen, K. K.
    CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA..
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    Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
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    Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.;Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA..
    Paneque, D.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Furniss, A. K.
    Calif State Univ East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542 USA..
    Hayashida, M.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Urry, C. M.
    Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Phys Dept, POB 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA..
    Ajello, M.
    Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA..
    Harrison, F. A.
    CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA..
    Giebels, B.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Stern, D.
    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA..
    Forster, K.
    CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA..
    Giommi, P.
    ASI Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy..
    Perri, M.
    ASI Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy..
    Puccetti, S.
    ASI Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy..
    Zoglauer, A.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Tagliaferri, G.
    INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy..
    Simultaneous observations of the blazar PKS 2155-304 from ultra-violet to TeV energies2020In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 639, p. 1-13, article id A42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we report the results of the first ever contemporaneous multi-wavelength observation campaign on the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 involving Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT, and H.E.S.S. The use of these instruments allows us to cover a broad energy range, which is important for disentangling the different radiative mechanisms. The source, observed from June 2013 to October 2013, was found in a low flux state with respect to previous observations but exhibited highly significant flux variability in the X-rays. The high-energy end of the synchrotron spectrum can be traced up to 40 keV without significant contamination by high-energy emission. A one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model was used to reproduce the broadband flux of the source for all the observations presented here but failed for previous observations made in April 2013. A lepto-hadronic solution was then explored to explain these earlier observational results.

  • 34.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany;Dublin Inst Adv Studies,Ireland;RAU, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Aix Marseille Univ, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
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    Univ Paris Saclay, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa;Univ Namibia, Namibia.
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Davies, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Tudes Nucl Aires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, LuruperChaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, KarlLiebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.;Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Tudes Nucl Aires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, KarlLiebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, LuruperChaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, LuruperChaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Konno, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Tudes Nucl Aires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Majumdar, J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Tudes Nucl Aires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Nayerhoda, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, D.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Olivera-Nieto, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Panny, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Peron, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puhlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reichherzer, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, KarlLiebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, KarlLiebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Inst Adv Study, 5-1-5 Kashiwa Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, LuruperChaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, Lab Phys Nucl Aire & Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Volk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Werner, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Antonelli, L. A.
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Engels, A. Arbet
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
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    Tech Univ Dortmund, Germany.
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    Univ Rijeka, Croatia;Univ Split, Croatia;Univ Zagreb FER, Croatia;Univ Osijek, Croatia;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Croatia.
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    Univ Complutense Madrid, Spain.
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    Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis CBPF, 22290-180 URCA, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
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    Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst & EMFTEL Dept, Madrid 28040, Spain..
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    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Univ Lodz, Fac Phys & Appl Informat, Dept Astrophys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland..
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    Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.;INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Berti, A.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.;INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
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    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
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    Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICCUB, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    AAlikhanyan Natl Lab, Armenian Consortium ICRANet Armenia NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia..
    Cikota, S.
    Univ Rijeka, Croatian Consortium, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.;Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.;Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.;Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Colin, U.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Colombo, E.
    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
    Contreras, J. L.
    Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst & EMFTEL Dept, Madrid 28040, Spain..
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    Ctr Invest Energ Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    Covino, S.
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    D'Elia, V
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Da Vela, P.
    Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.;Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Dazzi, F.
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    De Angelis, A.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    De Lotto, B.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy..
    Delfino, M.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.;Port Informacio Cient PIC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Delgado, J.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.;Port Informacio Cient PIC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
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    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
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    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
    Espineira, E. Do Souto
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Prester, D. Dominis
    Univ Rijeka, Croatian Consortium, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.;Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.;Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.;Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Donini, A.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy..
    Dorner, D.
    Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany..
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    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Elsaesser, D.
    Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Ramazani, V. Fallah
    Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Turku 90014, Finland.;Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland..
    Fattorini, A.
    Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Ferrara, G.
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Foffano, L.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Fonseca, M. , V
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    Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis & CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Fruck, C.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Fukami, S.
    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Lopez, R. J. Garcia
    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
    Garczarczyk, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gasparyan, S.
    AAlikhanyan Natl Lab, Armenian Consortium ICRANet Armenia NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia..
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    Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis & CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Giglietto, N.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
    Giordano, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
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    Univ Lodz, Fac Phys & Appl Informat, Dept Astrophys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland..
    Godinovic, N.
    Univ Rijeka, Croatian Consortium, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.;Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.;Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.;Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Green, D.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Hahn, A.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Heckmann, L.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Herrera, J.
    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
    Hoang, J.
    Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst & EMFTEL Dept, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    Hrupec, D.
    Univ Rijeka, Croatian Consortium, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.;Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.;Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.;Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Hutten, M.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Inada, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Inoue, S.
    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Ishio, K.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Jouvin, L.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Kajiwara, Y.
    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Karjalainen, M.
    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kyoto Univ, Japan Dept Phys, Japanese Mag Consortium ICRR, Chiba 2778582, Japan..
    Lamastra, A.
    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Lelas, D.
    Univ Rijeka, Croatian Consortium, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.;Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia.;Univ Zagreb FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.;Univ Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.;Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Turku 90014, Finland.;Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland..
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    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy..
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    Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst & EMFTEL Dept, Madrid 28040, Spain..
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    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
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    Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy..
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    Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis CBPF, 22290-180 URCA, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
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    Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis & CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Majumdar, P.
    Saha Inst Nucl Phys, HBNI, 1 AF Bidhannagar,Salt Lake,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, India..
    Makariev, M.
    Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria..
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    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
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    Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria..
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    Univ Rijeka, Croatia.
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    Univ Wurzburg, Germany.
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    Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, Italy.
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Spain.
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    Yerevan Phys Inst, Armenia.
    HESS and MAGIC observations of a sudden cessation of a very-high-energy gamma-ray flare in PKS 1510-089 in May 20162021In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 648, article id A23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1510-089 is known for its complex multiwavelength behaviour and it is one of only a few FSRQs detected in very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma rays. The VHE gamma -ray observations with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC in late May and early June 2016 resulted in the detection of an unprecedented flare, which revealed, for the first time, VHE gamma -ray intranight variability for this source. While a common variability timescale of 1.5 h has been found, there is a significant deviation near the end of the flare, with a timescale of similar to 20 min marking the cessation of the event. The peak flux is nearly two orders of magnitude above the low-level emission. For the first time, a curvature was detected in the VHE gamma -ray spectrum of PKS 1510-089, which can be fully explained by the absorption on the part of the extragalactic background light. Optical R-band observations with ATOM revealed a counterpart of the gamma -ray flare, even though the detailed flux evolution differs from the VHE gamma -ray light curve. Interestingly, a steep flux decrease was observed at the same time as the cessation of the VHE gamma -ray flare. In the high-energy (HE, E> 100 MeV) gamma -ray band, only a moderate flux increase was observed with Fermi-LAT, while the HE gamma -ray spectrum significantly hardens up to a photon index of 1.6. A search for broad-line region (BLR) absorption features in the gamma -ray spectrum indicates that the emission region is located outside of the BLR. Radio very-long-baseline interferometry observations reveal a fast-moving knot interacting with a standing jet feature around the time of the flare. As the standing feature is located similar to 50 pc from the black hole, the emission region of the flare may have been located at a significant distance from the black hole. If this is indeed a true correlation, the VHE gamma rays must have been produced far down in the jet, where turbulent plasma crosses a standing shock.

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    North West Univ, South Africa;Univ Namibia, Namibia.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronom, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Marti Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cotter, G.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Curylo, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Davies, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Duffy, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eichhorn, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Einecke, S.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Feijen, K.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Fegan, S.
    CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fussling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, CNRS,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giunti, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.;Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horbe, M.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronom, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Joshi, V.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kasai, E.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Inst Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Konno, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kreter, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Levy, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Mackey, J.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Majumdar, J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marchegiani, P.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, CNRS,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mares, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mitchell, A.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Montanari, A.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Moore, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Morris, P.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, K.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Nayerhoda, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    de Naurois, M.
    CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Olivera-Nieto, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronom, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Panny, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Peron, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Poireau, V.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronom, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puhlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reichherzer, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, CNRS,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V.
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Scalici, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spencer, S.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronom, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Sun, L.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Steinmassl, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Tomankova, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, CNRS,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France.;Univ Montpellier, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, CNRS,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Volk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Watson, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Werner, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wong, Yu Wun
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Yusafzai, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zargaryan, D.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Universe & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zhu, S. J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zouari, S.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    An extreme particle accelerator in the Galactic plane: HESS J1826-1302020In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 644, p. 1-8, article id A112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The unidentified very-high-energy (VHE; E > 0.1 TeV) gamma -ray source, HESS J1826-130, was discovered with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in the Galactic plane. The analysis of 215 h of HESS data has revealed a steady gamma -ray flux from HESS J1826-130, which appears extended with a half-width of 0.21 degrees +/- 0.02 (stat)degrees stat degrees +/- 0.05 (sys)degrees sys degrees . The source spectrum is best fit with either a power-law function with a spectral index Gamma = 1.78 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and an exponential cut-off at 15.2 (+5.5)(-3.2) -3.2+5.5 TeV, or a broken power-law with Gamma (1) = 1.96 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.20(sys), Gamma (2) = 3.59 +/- 0.69(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) for energies below and above E-br = 11.2 +/- 2.7 TeV, respectively. The VHE flux from HESS J1826-130 is contaminated by the extended emission of the bright, nearby pulsar wind nebula, HESS J1825-137, particularly at the low end of the energy spectrum. Leptonic scenarios for the origin of HESS J1826-130 VHE emission related to PSR J1826-1256 are confronted by our spectral and morphological analysis. In a hadronic framework, taking into account the properties of dense gas regions surrounding HESS J1826-130, the source spectrum would imply an astrophysical object capable of accelerating the parent particle population up to greater than or similar to 200 TeV. Our results are also discussed in a multiwavelength context, accounting for both the presence of nearby supernova remnants, molecular clouds, and counterparts detected in radio, X-rays, and TeV energies.

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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3,UMR 7638, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3,CC 72, Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Maxted, N. , I
    Upper limits on very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from core-collapse supernovae observed with HESS2019In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 626, p. 1-11, article id A57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Young core-collapse supernovae with dense-wind progenitors may be able to accelerate cosmic-ray hadrons beyond the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum, and this may result in measurable gamma-ray emission. We searched for gamma-ray emission from ten super- novae observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) within a year of the supernova event. Nine supernovae were observed serendipitously in the H.E.S.S. data collected between December 2003 and December 2014, with exposure times ranging from 1.4 to 53 h. In addition we observed SN 2016adj as a target of opportunity in February 2016 for 13 h. No significant gamma-ray emission has been detected for any of the objects, and upper limits on the >1 TeV gamma-ray flux of the order of similar to 10(-13) cm(-)(2)s(-1) are established, corresponding to upper limits on the luminosities in the range similar to 2 x 10(39) to similar to 1 x 10(42) erg s(-1). These values are used to place model-dependent constraints on the mass-loss rates of the progenitor stars, implying upper limits between similar to 2 x 10(-5) and similar to 2 x 10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) under reasonable assumptions on the particle acceleration parameters.

  • 37. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Anguner, E. O.
    Arakawa, M.
    Arcaro, C.
    Armand, C.
    Arrieta, M.
    Backes, M.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Berge, D.
    Bernhard, S.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Buechele, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Bylund, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Caroff, S.
    Carosi, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chandra, S.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Chen, A.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Condon, B.
    Davids, I. D.
    Dei, C.
    Devin, J.
    dewilt, P.
    Dirson, L.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Donath, A.
    Drury, L. O'C
    Dyks, J.
    Egberts, K.
    Emery, G.
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Eschbach, S.
    Fegan, S.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Funk, S.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gabici, S.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Garrigoux, T.
    Gate, F.
    Giavitto, G.
    Glawion, D.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Gottschall, D.
    Grondin, M-H
    Hahn, J.
    Haupt, M.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hoischen, C.
    Holch, T. L.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Huber, D.
    Iwasaki, H.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khangulyan, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Komin, Nu
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Kraus, M.
    Kruger, P. P.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J-P
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lorentz, M.
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Lypova, I
    Malyshev, D.
    Marandon, V
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    Nakashima, S.
    de Naurois, M.
    Ndiyavala, H.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    O'Brien, P.
    Odaka, H.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I
    Padovani, M.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Perennes, C.
    Petrucci, P-O
    Peyaud, B.
    Piel, Q.
    Pita, S.
    Poireau, V
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Rauth, R.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    Rieger, F.
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Romoli, C.
    Rowel, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Sahakian, V
    Saito, S.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schussler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Senniappan, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Simoni, R.
    Sinha, A.
    Sol, H.
    Spanier, F.
    Specovius, A.
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Steppa, C.
    Sushch, I
    Takahashi, T.
    Tavernet, J-P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tiziani, D.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tsirou, M.
    Tsuji, N.
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Rensburg, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Woernlein, A.
    Yang, R.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zanin, R.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zorn, J.
    Zywucka, N.
    The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by HESS and Fermi-LAT2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 617, article id A73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. NGC 253 is one of only two starburst galaxies found to emit gamma-rays from hundreds of MeV to multi-TeV energies. Accurate measurements of the very-high-energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) and high-energy (HE; E > 60 MeV) spectra are crucial to study the underlying particle accelerators, probe the dominant emission mechanism(s) and to study cosmic-ray interaction and transport. Aims. The measurement of the VHE gamma-ray emission of NGC 253 published in 2012 by H.E.S.S. was limited by large systematic uncertainties. Here, the most up to date measurement of the gamma-ray spectrum of NGC 253 is investigated in both HE and VHE gamma-rays. Assuming a hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission, the measurement uncertainties are propagated into the interpretation of the accelerated particle population. Methods. The data of H.E.S.S. observations are reanalysed using an updated calibration and analysis chain. The improved Fermi-LAT analysis employs more than 8 yr of data processed using pass 8. The cosmic-ray particle population is evaluated from the combined HE-VHE gamma-ray spectrum using NAIMA in the optically thin case. Results. The VHE gamma-ray energy spectrum is best fit by a power-law distribution with a flux normalisation of (1.34 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.27(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 at 1 TeV - about 40% above, but compatible with the value obtained in Abramowski et al. (2012). The spectral index Gamma = 2.39 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.25(sys) is slightly softer than but consistent with the previous measurement within systematic errors. In the Fermi energy range an integral flux of F(E > 60 MeV) = (1.56 +/- 0.28(stat) +/- 0.15(sys)) x 10(-8) cm(-2) s(-1) is obtained. At energies above similar to 3 GeV the HE spectrum is consistent with a power-law ranging into the VHE part of the spectrum measured by H.E.S.S. with an overall spectral index Gamma = 2.22 +/- 0.06(stat). Conclusions. Two scenarios for the starburst nucleus are tested, in which the gas in the starburst nucleus acts as either a thin or a thick target for hadronic cosmic rays accelerated by the individual sources in the nucleus. In these two models, the level to which NGC 253 acts as a calorimeter is estimated to a range of f(cal) = 0.1 to 1 while accounting for the measurement uncertainties. The presented spectrum is likely to remain the most accurate measurements until the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) has collected a substantial set of data towards NGC 253.

  • 38. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Anguner, E. O.
    Arakawa, M.
    Arcaro, C.
    Armand, C.
    Arrieta, M.
    Backes, M.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Berge, D.
    Bernhard, S.
    Bernlohr, K.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Buechele, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Bylund, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Caroff, S.
    Carosi, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chandra, S.
    Chen, A.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Condon, B.
    Davids, I. D.
    Deil, C.
    Devin, J.
    deWilt, P.
    Dirson, L.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Donath, A.
    Doroshenko, V
    Drury, L. O'C
    Dyks, J.
    Egberts, K.
    Emery, G.
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Eschbach, S.
    Fegan, S.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Funk, S.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gabici, S.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Gate, F.
    Giavitto, G.
    Glawion, D.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Gottschall, D.
    Grondin, M-H
    Hahn, J.
    Haupt, M.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hoischen, C.
    Holch, T. L.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Huber, D.
    Iwasaki, H.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khangulyan, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Komin, Nu
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Kraus, M.
    Kruger, P. P.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J-P
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lorentz, M.
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Lypova, I
    Malyshev, D.
    Marandon, V
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    Nakashima, S.
    de Naurois, M.
    Ndiyavala, H.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    O'Brien, P.
    Odaka, H.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I
    Padovani, M.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Perennes, C.
    Petrucci, P-O
    Peyaud, B.
    Piel, Q.
    Pita, S.
    Poireau, V
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Rauth, R.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    Rieger, F.
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Romoli, C.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Sahakian, V
    Saito, S.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schussler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Senniappan, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Simoni, R.
    Sinha, A.
    Sol, H.
    Spanier, F.
    Specovius, A.
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Steppa, C.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tavernet, J-P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tiziani, D.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tsirou, M.
    Tsuji, N.
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Rensburg, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Yang, R.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zanin, R.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zorn, J.
    Zywucka, N.
    Kerr, M.
    Johnston, S.
    Shannon, R. M.
    First ground-based measurement of sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV gamma-Rays from the Vela pulsar with HESS II2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 620, article id A66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We report on the measurement and investigation of pulsed high-energy y-ray emission from the Vela pulsar, PSR B0833-45, based on observations with the largest telescope of H.E.S.S., CT5, in monoscopic mode, and on data obtained with the Fermi-LAT.

    Methods. Data from 40.3 h of observations carried out with the H.E.S.S. II array from 2013 to 2015 have been used. A dedicated very low-threshold event reconstruction and analysis pipeline was developed to achieve the lowest possible energy threshold. Eight years of Fermi-LAT data were analysed and also used as reference to validate the CT5 telescope response model and analysis methods.

    Results. A pulsed gamma-ray signal at a significance level of more than 15 sigma is detected from the P2 peak of the Vela pulsar light curve. Of a total of 15 835 events, more than 6000 lie at an energy below 20 GeV, implying a significant overlap between H.E.S.S. II-CT5 and the Fermi-LAT. While the investigation of the pulsar light curve with the LAT confirms characteristics previously known up to 20 GeV in the tens of GeV energy range, CT5 data show a change in the pulse morphology of P2, i.e. an extreme sharpening of its trailing edge, together with the possible onset of a new component at 3.4 sigma significance level. Assuming a power-law model for the P2 spectrum, an excellent agreement is found for the photon indices (Gamma similar or equal to 4.1) obtained with the two telescopes above 10 GeV and an upper bound of 8% is derived on the relative offset between their energy scales. Using data from both instruments, it is shown however that the spectrum of P2 in the 10-100 GeV has a pronounced curvature; this is a confirmation of the sub-exponential cut-off form found at lower energies with the LAT. This is further supported by weak evidence of an emission above 100 GeV obtained with CT5. In contrast, converging indications are found from both CT5 and LAT data for the emergence of a hard component above 50 GeV in the leading wing (LW2) of P2, which possibly extends beyond 100 GeV.

    Conclusions. The detection demonstrates the performance and understanding of CT5 from 100 GeV down to the sub-20 GeV domain, i.e. unprecedented low energy for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. The extreme sharpening of the trailing edge of the P2 peak found in the H.E.S.S. II light curve of the Vela pulsar and the possible extension beyond 100 GeV of at least one of its features, LW2, provide further constraints to models of gamma-Ray emission from pulsars.

  • 39. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Anguner, E. O.
    Arakawa, M.
    Arcaro, C.
    Armand, C.
    Arrieta, M.
    Backes, M.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Berge, D.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Buechele, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Bylund, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Caroff, S.
    Carosi, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chand, T.
    Chandra, S.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Chen, A.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Condon, B.
    Davids, I. D.
    Deil, C.
    Devin, J.
    deWilt, P.
    Dirson, L.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Donath, A.
    Doroshenko, V
    Drury, L. O'C
    Dyks, J.
    Egberts, K.
    Emery, G.
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Eschbach, S.
    Fegan, S.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Funk, S.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gabici, S.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Gate, F.
    Giavitto, G.
    Glawion, D.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Gottschall, D.
    Grondin, M-H
    Hahn, J.
    Haupt, M.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hoischen, C.
    Holch, T. L.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Huber, D.
    Iwasaki, H.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Jankowsky, D.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jouvin, L.
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Katz, U.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Khangulyan, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    King, J.
    Klepser, S.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Komin, Nu
    Kosack, K.
    Kraus, M.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lau, J.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J-P
    Leser, E.
    Lohse, T.
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Lypova, I
    Malyshev, D.
    Marandon, V
    Marcowith, A.
    Mariaud, C.
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Mohrmann, L.
    Moore, C.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    Nakashima, S.
    de Naurois, M.
    Ndiyavala, H.
    Niederwanger, F.
    Niemiec, J.
    Oakes, L.
    O'Brien, P.
    Odaka, H.
    Ohm, S.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Perennes, C.
    Petrucci, P-O
    Peyaud, B.
    Piel, Q.
    Pita, S.
    Poireau, V
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Prokoph, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, M.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
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    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
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    Rinchiuso, L.
    Romoli, C.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Sahakian, V
    Saito, S.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Sasaki, M.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schussler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schutte, H.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Senniappan, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Shafi, N.
    Shilon, I
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Simoni, R.
    Sinha, A.
    Sol, H.
    Specovius, A.
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Steppa, C.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tavernet, J-P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tiziani, D.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tsirou, M.
    Tsuji, N.
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Rensburg, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Yang, R.
    Yoneda, H.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zanin, R.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zorn, J.
    Zywucka, N.
    Particle transport within the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-1372019In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 621, article id A116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. We present a detailed view of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825-137. We aim to constrain the mechanisms dominating the particle transport within the nebula, accounting for its anomalously large size and spectral characteristics.

    Aims. The nebula was studied using a deep exposure from over 12 years of H.E.S.S. I operation, together with data from H.E.S.S. II that improve the low-energy sensitivity. Enhanced energy-dependent morphological and spatially resolved spectral analyses probe the very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray properties of the nebula.

    Methods. The nebula emission is revealed to extend out to 1.5 degrees from the pulsar, similar to 1.5 times farther than previously seen, making HESS J1825-137, with an intrinsic diameter of similar to 100 pc, potentially the largest gamma-ray PWN currently known. Characterising the strongly energy-dependent morphology of the nebula enables us to constrain the particle transport mechanisms. A dependence of the nebula extent with energy of R proportional to E alpha with alpha = -0.29 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.05(sys) disfavours a pure diffusion scenario for particle transport within the nebula. The total gamma-ray flux of the nebula above 1 TeV is found to be (1.12 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.25(sys)) +/- 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to similar to 64% of the flux of the Crab nebula.

    Results. HESS J1825-137 is a PWN with clearly energy-dependent morphology at VHE gamma-ray energies. This source is used as a laboratory to investigate particle transport within intermediate-age PWNe. Based on deep observations of this highly spatially extended PWN, we produce a spectral map of the region that provides insights into the spectral variation within the nebula.

  • 40.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland;Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Anguner, E. O.
    Aix Marseille Univ, France.
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    Rikkyo Univ, Japan.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Armand, C.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France.
    Arrieta, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Backes, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa;Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Dei, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O ' C
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowel, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sushch, I
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by HESS and Fermi-LAT2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 617, article id A73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. NGC 253 is one of only two starburst galaxies found to emit gamma-rays from hundreds of MeV to multi-TeV energies. Accurate measurements of the very-high-energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) and high-energy (HE; E > 60 MeV) spectra are crucial to study the underlying particle accelerators, probe the dominant emission mechanism(s) and to study cosmic-ray interaction and transport. Aims. The measurement of the VHE gamma-ray emission of NGC 253 published in 2012 by H.E.S.S. was limited by large systematic uncertainties. Here, the most up to date measurement of the gamma-ray spectrum of NGC 253 is investigated in both HE and VHE gamma-rays. Assuming a hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission, the measurement uncertainties are propagated into the interpretation of the accelerated particle population. Methods. The data of H.E.S.S. observations are reanalysed using an updated calibration and analysis chain. The improved Fermi-LAT analysis employs more than 8 yr of data processed using pass 8. The cosmic-ray particle population is evaluated from the combined HE-VHE gamma-ray spectrum using NAIMA in the optically thin case. Results. The VHE gamma-ray energy spectrum is best fit by a power-law distribution with a flux normalisation of (1.34 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.27(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 at 1 TeV - about 40% above, but compatible with the value obtained in Abramowski et al. (2012). The spectral index Gamma = 2.39 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.25(sys) is slightly softer than but consistent with the previous measurement within systematic errors. In the Fermi energy range an integral flux of F(E > 60 MeV) = (1.56 +/- 0.28(stat) +/- 0.15(sys)) x 10(-8) cm(-2) s(-1) is obtained. At energies above similar to 3 GeV the HE spectrum is consistent with a power-law ranging into the VHE part of the spectrum measured by H.E.S.S. with an overall spectral index Gamma = 2.22 +/- 0.06(stat). Conclusions. Two scenarios for the starburst nucleus are tested, in which the gas in the starburst nucleus acts as either a thin or a thick target for hadronic cosmic rays accelerated by the individual sources in the nucleus. In these two models, the level to which NGC 253 acts as a calorimeter is estimated to a range of f(cal) = 0.1 to 1 while accounting for the measurement uncertainties. The presented spectrum is likely to remain the most accurate measurements until the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) has collected a substantial set of data towards NGC 253.

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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland;Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Aix Marseille Univ, France.
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    Rikkyo Univ, Japan.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
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    PSL Res Univ, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa;Univ Namibia, Namibia.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernlohr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Drury, L. O ' C
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, 5-1-5 Kashiwano Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
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    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, 5-1-5 Kashiwano Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA Irfu,APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue Alice Domon Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Kerr, M.
    Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA..
    Johnston, S.
    CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia..
    Shannon, R. M.
    CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia.;Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Mail H30,POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.;OzGrav, ARC Ctr Excellence Gravitat Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia..
    First ground-based measurement of sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV gamma-Rays from the Vela pulsar with HESS II2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 620, article id A66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We report on the measurement and investigation of pulsed high-energy y-ray emission from the Vela pulsar, PSR B0833-45, based on observations with the largest telescope of H.E.S.S., CT5, in monoscopic mode, and on data obtained with the Fermi-LAT. Methods. Data from 40.3 h of observations carried out with the H.E.S.S. II array from 2013 to 2015 have been used. A dedicated very low-threshold event reconstruction and analysis pipeline was developed to achieve the lowest possible energy threshold. Eight years of Fermi-LAT data were analysed and also used as reference to validate the CT5 telescope response model and analysis methods. Results. A pulsed gamma-ray signal at a significance level of more than 15 sigma is detected from the P2 peak of the Vela pulsar light curve. Of a total of 15 835 events, more than 6000 lie at an energy below 20 GeV, implying a significant overlap between H.E.S.S. II-CT5 and the Fermi-LAT. While the investigation of the pulsar light curve with the LAT confirms characteristics previously known up to 20 GeV in the tens of GeV energy range, CT5 data show a change in the pulse morphology of P2, i.e. an extreme sharpening of its trailing edge, together with the possible onset of a new component at 3.4 sigma significance level. Assuming a power-law model for the P2 spectrum, an excellent agreement is found for the photon indices (Gamma similar or equal to 4.1) obtained with the two telescopes above 10 GeV and an upper bound of 8% is derived on the relative offset between their energy scales. Using data from both instruments, it is shown however that the spectrum of P2 in the 10-100 GeV has a pronounced curvature; this is a confirmation of the sub-exponential cut-off form found at lower energies with the LAT. This is further supported by weak evidence of an emission above 100 GeV obtained with CT5. In contrast, converging indications are found from both CT5 and LAT data for the emergence of a hard component above 50 GeV in the leading wing (LW2) of P2, which possibly extends beyond 100 GeV. Conclusions. The detection demonstrates the performance and understanding of CT5 from 100 GeV down to the sub-20 GeV domain, i.e. unprecedented low energy for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. The extreme sharpening of the trailing edge of the P2 peak found in the H.E.S.S. II light curve of the Vela pulsar and the possible extension beyond 100 GeV of at least one of its features, LW2, provide further constraints to models of gamma-Ray emission from pulsars.

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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Drury, L. O ' C
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Moore, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernet, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, APC, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,IN2, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Particle transport within the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-1372019In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 621, article id A116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. We present a detailed view of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825-137. We aim to constrain the mechanisms dominating the particle transport within the nebula, accounting for its anomalously large size and spectral characteristics. Aims. The nebula was studied using a deep exposure from over 12 years of H.E.S.S. I operation, together with data from H.E.S.S. II that improve the low-energy sensitivity. Enhanced energy-dependent morphological and spatially resolved spectral analyses probe the very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray properties of the nebula. Methods. The nebula emission is revealed to extend out to 1.5 degrees from the pulsar, similar to 1.5 times farther than previously seen, making HESS J1825-137, with an intrinsic diameter of similar to 100 pc, potentially the largest gamma-ray PWN currently known. Characterising the strongly energy-dependent morphology of the nebula enables us to constrain the particle transport mechanisms. A dependence of the nebula extent with energy of R proportional to E alpha with alpha = -0.29 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.05(sys) disfavours a pure diffusion scenario for particle transport within the nebula. The total gamma-ray flux of the nebula above 1 TeV is found to be (1.12 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.25(sys)) +/- 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to similar to 64% of the flux of the Crab nebula. Results. HESS J1825-137 is a PWN with clearly energy-dependent morphology at VHE gamma-ray energies. This source is used as a laboratory to investigate particle transport within intermediate-age PWNe. Based on deep observations of this highly spatially extended PWN, we produce a spectral map of the region that provides insights into the spectral variation within the nebula.

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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona, IEEC, ICC, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 12010, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, UPS,CNES, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-751252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, LAPP, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, Inst Adv Study UTIAS, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    HESS and Suzaku observations of the Vela X pulsar wind nebula2019In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 627, p. 1-16, article id A100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) represent the most prominent population of Galactic very-high-energy gamma-ray sources and are thought to be an efficient source of leptonic cosmic rays. Vela X is a nearby middle-aged PWN, which shows bright X-ray and TeV gamma-ray emission towards an elongated structure called the cocoon. Aims. Since TeV emission is likely inverse-Compton emission of electrons, predominantly from interactions with the cosmic microwave background, while X-ray emission is synchrotron radiation of the same electrons, we aim to derive the properties of the relativistic particles and of magnetic fields with minimal modelling. Methods. We used data from the Suzaku XIS to derive the spectra from three compact regions in Vela X covering distances from 0.3 to 4 pc from the pulsar along the cocoon. We obtained gamma-ray spectra of the same regions from H.E.S.S. observations and fitted a radiative model to the multi-wavelength spectra. Results. The TeV electron spectra and magnetic field strengths are consistent within the uncertainties for the three regions, with energy densities of the order 10(-12) erg cm(-3). The data indicate the presence of a cutoff in the electron spectrum at energies of similar to 100 TeV and a magnetic field strength of similar to 6 mu G. Constraints on the presence of turbulent magnetic fields are weak. Conclusions. The pressure of TeV electrons and magnetic fields in the cocoon is dynamically negligible, requiring the presence of another dominant pressure component to balance the pulsar wind at the termination shock. Sub-TeV electrons cannot completely account for the missing pressure, which may be provided either by relativistic ions or from mixing of the ejecta with the pulsar wind. The electron spectra are consistent with expectations from transport scenarios dominated either by advection via the reverse shock or by diffusion, but for the latter the role of radiative losses near the termination shock needs to be further investigated in the light of the measured cutoff energies. Constraints on turbulent magnetic fields and the shape of the electron cutoff can be improved by spectral measurements in the energy range greater than or similar to 10 keV.

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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia.;North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.;Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huang, Zhiqiu
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Konno, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Kukec Mezek, Gasper
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
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    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Reichherzer, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Reville, B.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ricarte, H. Rueda
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Salzmann, H.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schaefer, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shapopi, J. N. S.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spencer, S.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Steinmassl, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Sun, L.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tanaka, T.
    Konan Univ, Dept Phys, Higashinada Ku, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Kobe, Hyogo 6588501, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Thiersen, J. H. E.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Thorpe-Morgan, C.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Tomankova, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tsirou, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tsuji, N.
    RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Watson, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Werner, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Wong, Yu Wun
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Yassin, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Yusafzai, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zacharias, M.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zargaryan, D.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zhu, S. J.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Zmija, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zouari, S.
    Univ Paris, Astroparticule & Cosmol, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV2021In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 655, article id A7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are commonly thought to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum at a few PeV. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have revealed young SNRs as very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources, but for only a few SNRs the hadronic cosmic-ray origin of their gamma-ray emission is indisputably established. In all these cases, the gamma-ray spectra exhibit a spectral cutoff at energies much below 100 TeV and thus do not reach the PeVatron regime. Aims. The aim of this work was to achieve a firm detection for the oxygen-rich SNR LMC N132D in the VHE gamma-ray domain with an extended set of data, and to clarify the spectral characteristics and the localization of the gamma-ray emission from this exceptionally powerful gamma-ray-emitting SNR. Methods. We analyzed 252 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations towards SNR N132D that were accumulated between December 2004 and March 2016 during a deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, adding 104 h of observations to the previously published data set to ensure a > 5 sigma detection. To broaden the gamma-ray spectral coverage required for modeling the spectral energy distribution, an analysis of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data was also included. Results. We unambiguously detect N132D at VHE with a significance of 5.7 sigma. We report the results of a detailed analysis of its spectrum and localization based on the extended H.E.S.S. data set. The joint analysis of the extended H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT data results in a spectral energy distribution in the energy range from 1.7 GeV to 14.8 TeV, which suggests a high luminosity of N132D at GeV and TeV energies. We set a lower limit on a gamma-ray cutoff energy of 8 TeV with a confidence level of 95%. The new gamma-ray spectrum as well as multiwavelength observations of N132D when compared to physical models suggests a hadronic origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. Conclusions. SNR N132D is a VHE gamma-ray source that shows a spectrum extending to the VHE domain without a spectral cutoff at a few TeV, unlike the younger oxygen-rich SNR Cassiopeia A. The gamma-ray emission is best explained by a dominant hadronic component formed by diffusive shock acceleration. The gamma-ray properties of N132D may be affected by an interaction with a nearby molecular cloud that partially lies inside the 95% confidence region of the source position.

  • 45.
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Anguner, E. O.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Arcaro, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Armand, C.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Armstrong, T.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Ashkar, H.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia.;North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Baghmanyan, V
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Martins, V. Barbosa
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Barnacka, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Berge, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bi, B.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    de Lavergne, M. de Bony
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Breuhaus, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, Tomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Caroff, S.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chand, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cotter, G.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Davies, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Dreyer, L.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Duffy, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eichhorn, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Einecke, S.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Feijen, K.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giunti, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.;Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Glawion, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horbe, M.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Joshi, V
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kasai, E.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Konno, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kreter, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Leuschner, F.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Levy, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mitchell, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Montanari, A.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Moore, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Morris, P.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, K.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Nayerhoda, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Olivera-Nieto, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Panny, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Peron, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reichherzer, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Salzmann, H.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, LAPP,CNRS, F-74000 Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Scalici, M.
    Inst Astron & Astrophys, Univ Tubingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schaefer, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, Mohanraj
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shapopi, J. N. S.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Spencer, S.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Sun, L.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Steinmassl, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwa No Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Thiersen, J. H. E.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Tomankova, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, Inst Polytech Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, LPNHE,CNRS IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Watson, J.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England..
    Werner, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wong, Yu Wun
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, 123 Hovsep Emin St, Yerevan 0051, Armenia..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris, Univ PSL, Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories,CNRS, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Acero, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Evidence of 100 TeV gamma-ray emission from HESS J1702-420: A new PeVatron candidate2021In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 653, article id A152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. The identification of PeVatrons, hadronic particle accelerators reaching the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum (few x 10(15) eV), is crucial to understand the origin of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. We provide an update on the unidentified source HESS J1702-420, a promising PeVatron candidate. Methods. We present new observations of HESS J1702-420 made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), and processed using improved analysis techniques. The analysis configuration was optimized to enhance the collection area at the highest energies. We applied a threedimensional likelihood analysis to model the source region and adjust non thermal radiative spectral models to the gamma-ray data. We also analyzed archival Fermi Large Area Telescope data to constrain the source spectrum at gamma-ray energies >10 GeV. Results. We report the detection of gamma-rays up to 100 TeV from a specific region of HESS J1702-420, which is well described by a new source component called HESS J1702-420A that was separated from the bulk of TeV emission at a 5:4 sigma confidence level. The power law gamma-ray spectrum of HESS J1702-420A extends with an index of Gamma = 1:53 +/- 0:19(stat) +/- 0:20(sys) and without curvature up to the energy band 64 113 TeV, in which it was detected by H.E.S.S. at a 4:0 sigma confidence level. This makes HESS J1702-420A a compelling candidate site for the presence of extremely high energy cosmic rays. With a flux above 2 TeV of (2:08 +/- 0:49(stat) +/- 0:62(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) and a radius of (0:06 +/- 0:02(stat) +/- 0:03(sys))degrees, HESS J1702-420A is outshone - below a few tens of TeV - by the companion HESS J1702-420B. The latter has a steep spectral index of = 2:62 +/- 0:10(stat) +/- 0:20(sys) and an elongated shape, and it accounts for most of the low-energy HESS J1702-420 flux. Simple hadronic and leptonic emission models can be well adjusted to the spectra of both components. Remarkably, in a hadronic scenario, the cut-o ff energy of the particle distribution powering HESS J1702-420A is found to be higher than 0:5 PeV at a 95% confidence level. Conclusions. For the first time, H.E.S.S. resolved two components with significantly di fferent morphologies and spectral indices, both detected at >5 sigma confidence level, whose combined emissions result in the source HESS J1702-420. We detected HESS J1702-420A at a 4:0 sigma confidence level in the energy band 64 113 TeV, which brings evidence for the source emission up to 100 TeV. In a hadronic emission scenario, the hard gamma-ray spectrum of HESS J1702-420A implies that the source likely harbors PeV protons, thus becoming one of the most solid PeVatron candidates detected so far in H.E.S.S. data. However, a leptonic origin of the observed TeV emission cannot be ruled out either.

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    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tiziani, D.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Tsirou, M.
    Tsuji, N.
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    van der Walt, D. J.
    van Eldik, C.
    van Rensburg, C.
    van Soelen, B.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Veh, J.
    Venter, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Voisin, F.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Vuillaume, T.
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Willmann, P.
    Woernlein, A.
    Wouters, D.
    Yang, R.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zanin, R.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zefi, F.
    Ziegler, A.
    Zorn, J.
    Zywucka, N.
    Detection of variable VHE gamma-ray emission from the extra-galactic gamma-ray binary LMC P32018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 610, article id L17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Recently, the high-energy (HE, 0.1-100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the object LMC P3 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been discovered to be modulated with a 10.3-day period, making it the first extra-galactic gamma-ray binary.

    Aims. This work aims at the detection of very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray emission and the search for modulation of the VHE signal with the orbital period of the binary system.

    Methods. LMC P3 has been observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.); the acceptance-corrected exposure time is 100 h. The data set has been folded with the known orbital period of the system in order to test for variability of the emission.

    Results. VHE gamma-ray emission is detected with a statistical significance of 6.4 sigma. The data clearly show variability which is phase-locked to the orbital period of the system. Periodicity cannot be deduced from the H.E.S.S. data set alone. The orbit-averaged luminosity in the 1-10 TeV energy range is (1.4 +/- 0.2) x 10(35) erg s(-1). A luminosity of (5 +/- 1) x 10(35) erg s(-1) is reached during 20% of the orbit. HE and VHE gamma-ray emissions are anti-correlated. LMC P3 is the most luminous gamma-ray binary known so far.

  • 47. Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    Conrad, Jan M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Farnier, Christian
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC). Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Meyer, Manuel
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Morå, Knut
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Wagner, Robert M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics. Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics (OKC).
    Zywucka, N.
    HESS J1741-302: a hidden accelerator in the Galactic plane2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The H.E.S.S. Collaboration has discovered a new very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray source, HESS J1741-302, located in the Galactic plane. Despite several attempts to constrain its nature, no plausible counterpart has been found so far at X-ray and MeV/GeV gamma-ray energies, and the source remains unidentified. An analysis of 145-h of observations of HESS J1741-302 at VHEs has revealed a steady and relatively weak TeV source (similar to 1% of the Crab Nebula flux), with a spectral index of Gamma = 2.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.2(sys), extending to energies up to 10 TeV without any clear signature of a cut-off. In a hadronic scenario, such a spectrum implies an object with particle acceleration up to energies of several hundred TeV. Contrary to most H.E.S.S. unidentified sources, the angular size of HESS J1741-302 is compatible with the H.E.S.S. point spread function at VHEs, with an extension constrained to be below 0.068 degrees at a 99% confidence level. The gamma-ray emission detected by H.E.S.S. can be explained both within a hadronic scenario, due to collisions of protons with energies of hundreds of TeV with dense molecular clouds, and in a leptonic scenario, as a relic pulsar wind nebula, possibly powered by the middle-aged (20 kyr) pulsar PSR B1737-30. A binary scenario, related to the compact radio source 1LC 358.266+0.038 found to be spatially coincident with the best fit position of HESS J1741-302, is also envisaged.

  • 48. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Ryde, Felix
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Ziegler, M.
    et al,
    Observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Fermi2010In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 512Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is to date the only normal external galaxy that has been detected in high-energy gamma rays. High-energy gamma rays trace particle acceleration processes and gamma-ray observations allow the nature and sites of acceleration to be studied. Aims. We characterise the distribution and sources of cosmic rays in the LMC from analysis of gamma-ray observations. Methods. We analyse 11 months of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and compare it to tracers of the interstellar medium and models of the gamma-ray sources in the LMC. Results. The LMC is detected at 33 sigma significance. The integrated >100 MeV photon flux of the LMC amounts to (2.6 +/- 0.2) x 10(-7) ph cm(-2) s(-1) which corresponds to an energy flux of (1.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1), with additional systematic uncertainties of less than or similar to 16%. The analysis reveals the massive star forming region 30 Doradus as a bright source of gamma-ray emission in the LMC in addition to fainter emission regions found in the northern part of the galaxy. The gamma-ray emission from the LMC shows very little correlation with gas density and is rather correlated to tracers of massive star forming regions. The close confinement of gamma-ray emission to star forming regions suggests a relatively short GeV cosmic-ray proton diffusion length. Conclusions. The close correlation between cosmic-ray density and massive star tracers supports the idea that cosmic rays are accelerated in massive star forming regions as a result of the large amounts of kinetic energy that are input by the stellar winds and supernova explosions of massive stars into the interstellar medium.

  • 49. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bechtol, K.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berenji, B.
    Blandford, D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Brandt, T. J.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brez, A.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Cecchi, C.
    Celik, Oe.
    Charles, E.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, J.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Funk, S.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grove, J. E.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hayashida, M.
    Hays, E.
    Horan, D.
    Hughes, R. E.
    Jean, P.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kerr, M.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lee, S. -H
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Garde, M. Llena
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Makeev, A.
    Martin, P.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Nakamori, T.
    Naumann-Godo, M.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Okumura, A.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Panetta, J. H.
    Parent, D.
    Pelassa, V.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ripken, J.
    Ritz, S.
    Romani, R. W.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Sander, A.
    Parkinson, P. M. Saz
    Scargle, J. D.
    Sgro, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Smith, P. D.
    Spandre, G.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Strong, A. W.
    Suson, D. J.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Thompson, D. J.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Winer, B. L.
    Wood, K. S.
    Yang, Z.
    Ylinen, Tomi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Ziegler, M.
    Detection of the Small Magellanic Cloud in gamma-rays with Fermi/LAT2010In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 523, p. A46-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The flux of gamma rays with energies greater than 100 MeV is dominated by diffuse emission coming from cosmic-rays (CRs) illuminating the interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy through the processes of Bremsstrahlung, pion production and decay, and inverse-Compton scattering. The study of this diffuse emission provides insight into the origin and transport of cosmic rays. Aims. We searched for gamma-ray emission from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) in order to derive constraints on the cosmic-ray population and transport in an external system with properties different from the Milky Way. Methods. We analysed the first 17 months of continuous all-sky observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the Fermi mission to determine the spatial distribution, flux and spectrum of the gamma-ray emission from the SMC. We also used past radio synchrotron observations of the SMC to study the population of CR electrons specifically. Results. We obtained the first detection of the SMC in high-energy gamma rays, with an integrated >100 MeV flux of (3.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1), with additional systematic uncertainty of <= 16%. The emission is steady and from an extended source similar to 3 degrees in size. It is not clearly correlated with the distribution of massive stars or neutral gas, nor with known pulsars or supernova remnants, but a certain correlation with supergiant shells is observed. Conclusions. The observed flux implies an upper limit on the average CR nuclei density in the SMC of similar to 15% of the value measured locally in the Milky Way. The population of high-energy pulsars of the SMC may account for a substantial fraction of the gamma-ray flux, which would make the inferred CR nuclei density even lower. The average density of CR electrons derived from radio synchrotron observations is consistent with the same reduction factor but the uncertainties are large. From our current knowledge of the SMC, such a low CR density does not seem to be due to a lower rate of CR injection and rather indicates a smaller CR confinement volume characteristic size.

  • 50. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonamente, E.
    Borgland, A. W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Brandt, T. J.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brigida, M.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Charles, E.
    Chaty, S.
    Chekhtman, A.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Conrad, J.
    DeCesar, M. E.
    Dermer, C. D.
    de Palma, F.
    Digel, S. W.
    do Couto e Silva, E.
    Drell, P. S.
    Dubois, R.
    Dumora, D.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Fortin, P.
    Frailis, M.
    Fukazawa, Y.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Gehrels, N.
    Germani, S.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Glanzman, T.
    Godfrey, G.
    Grenier, I.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grove, J. E.
    Guillemot, L.
    Guiriec, S.
    Hadasch, D.
    Harding, A. K.
    Hays, E.
    Jean, P.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, T. J.
    Johnson, W. N.
    Kamae, T.
    Katagiri, H.
    Kataoka, J.
    Kerr, M.
    Knoedlseder, J.
    Kuss, M.
    Lande, J.
    Latronico, L.
    Lee, S. -H
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Garde, M. Llena
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lovellette, M. N.
    Lubrano, P.
    Makeev, A.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mitthumsiri, W.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monte, C.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Moskalenko, I. V.
    Murgia, S.
    Naumann-Godo, M.
    Nolan, P. L.
    Norris, J. P.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Omodei, N.
    Orlando, E.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Pancrazi, B.
    Parent, D.
    Pepe, M.
    Pesce-Rollins, M.
    Piron, F.
    Porter, T. A.
    Raino, S.
    Rando, R.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Reposeur, T.
    Ripken, J.
    Romani, R. W.
    Roth, M.
    Sadrozinski, H. F. -W
    Parkinson, P. M. Saz
    Sgro, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Smith, D. A.
    Spinelli, P.
    Strickman, M. S.
    Suson, D. J.
    Takahashi, H.
    Takahashi, T.
    Tanaka, T.
    Thayer, J. B.
    Thayer, J. G.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Torres, D. F.
    Tosti, G.
    Tramacere, A.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Usher, T. L.
    Vasileiou, V.
    Venter, C.
    Vilchez, N.
    Vitale, V.
    Waite, A. P.
    Wang, P.
    Webb, N.
    Winer, B. L.
    Yang, Z.
    Ylinen, Tomi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Ziegler, M.
    A population of gamma-ray emitting globular clusters seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope2010In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 524, p. A75-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Globular clusters with their large populations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be potential emitters of high-energy gamma-ray emission. The observation of this emission provides a powerful tool to assess the millisecond pulsar population of a cluster, is essential for understanding the importance of binary systems for the evolution of globular clusters, and provides complementary insights into magnetospheric emission processes. Aims. Our goal is to constrain the millisecond pulsar populations in globular clusters from analysis of gamma-ray observations. Methods. We use 546 days of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the gamma-ray emission towards 13 globular clusters. Results. Steady point-like high-energy gamma-ray emission has been significantly detected towards 8 globular clusters. Five of them (47 Tucanae, Omega Cen, NGC 6388, Terzan 5, and M 28) show hard spectral power indices (0.7 < Gamma < 1.4) and clear evidence for an exponential cut-off in the range 1.0-2.6 GeV, which is the characteristic signature of magnetospheric emission from MSPs. Three of them (M 62, NGC 6440 and NGC 6652) also show hard spectral indices (1.0 < Gamma < 1.7), however the presence of an exponential cut-off can not be unambiguously established. Three of them (Omega Cen, NGC 6388, NGC 6652) have no known radio or X-ray MSPs yet still exhibit MSP spectral properties. From the observed gamma-ray luminosities, we estimate the total number of MSPs that is expected to be present in these globular clusters. We show that our estimates of the MSP population correlate with the stellar encounter rate and we estimate 2600-4700 MSPs in Galactic globular clusters, commensurate with previous estimates. Conclusions. The observation of high-energy gamma-ray emission from globular clusters thus provides a reliable independent method to assess their millisecond pulsar populations.

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