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  • 1.
    Aguilar, Wilson
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Garcia, Gustavo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Mouzon, Johanne
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Comparison between leached metakaolin and leached diatomaceous earth as raw materials for the synthesis of ZSM-52014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inexpensive raw materials have been used to prepare ZSM-5 zeolites with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios in the range 20 - 40. Kaolin or Bolivian diatomaceous earth was used as aluminosilicate raw materials and sodium hydroxide and n-butylamine were used as mineralizing agents and template. Dealumination of the raw materials by acid leaching made it possible to reach appropriate SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and to reduce the amount of iron and other impurities. After mixing the components and aging, hydrothermal treatment was carried out and the products were recovered The results clearly show for the first time that well-crystallized ZSM-5 can be directly prepared from leached metakaolin or leached diatomaceous earth using sodium hydroxide and n-butylamine as mineralizing agents and template under appropriate synthesis conditions. A longer induction time prior to crystallization was observed for reaction mixtures prepared from leached diatomaceous earth, probably due to slower digestion of the fossilized diatom skeletons as compared with that for microporous leached metakaolin. The use of leached diatomaceous earth allowed higher yield of ZSM-5 crystals within comparable synthesis times. However, low amounts of Mordenite formed, which was related to the high calcium content of diatomaceous earth. Another considerable advantage of diatomaceous earth over kaolin is that diatomaceous earth does not require heat treatment at high temperature for metakaolinization.

  • 2. Alatalo, Juha M.
    et al.
    Little, Chelsea J.
    Simulated global change: contrasting short and medium term growth and reproductive responses of a common alpine/Arctic cushion plant to experimental warming and nutrient enhancement2014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cushion plants are important components of alpine and Arctic plant communities around the world. They fulfill important roles as facilitators, nurse plants and foundation species across trophic levels for vascular plants, arthropods and soil microorganisms, the importance of these functions increasing with the relative severity of the environment. Here we report results from one of the few experimental studies simulating global change impacts on cushion plants; a factorial experiment with warming and nutrient enhancement that was applied to an alpine population of the common nurse plant, Silene acaulis, in sub-arctic Sweden. Experimental perturbations had significant short-term impacts on both stem elongation and leaf length. S. acaulis responded quickly by increasing stem elongation and (to a lesser extent) leaf length in the warming, nutrient, and the combined warming and nutrient enhancements. Cover and biomass also initially increased in response to the perturbations. However, after the initial positive short-term responses, S. acaulis cover declined in the manipulations, with the nutrient and combined warming and nutrient treatments having largest negative impact. No clear patterns were found for fruit production. Our results show that S. acaulis living in harsh environments has potential to react quickly when experiencing years with favorable conditions, and is more responsive to nutrient enhancement than to warming in terms of vegetative growth. While these conditions have an initial positive impact, populations experiencing longer-term increased nutrient levels will likely be negatively affected.

  • 3.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Little, Chelsea J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Simulated global change: contrasting short and medium term growth and reproductive responses of a common alpine/Arctic cushion plant to experimental warming and nutrient enhancement2014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, article id 157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cushion plants are important components of alpine and Arctic plant communities around the world. They fulfill important roles as facilitators, nurse plants and foundation species across trophic levels for vascular plants, arthropods and soil microorganisms, the importance of these functions increasing with the relative severity of the environment. Here we report results from one of the few experimental studies simulating global change impacts on cushion plants; a factorial experiment with warming and nutrient enhancement that was applied to an alpine population of the common nurse plant, Silene acaulis, in sub-arctic Sweden. Experimental perturbations had significant short-term impacts on both stem elongation and leaf length. S. acaulis responded quickly by increasing stem elongation and (to a lesser extent) leaf length in the warming, nutrient, and the combined warming and nutrient enhancements. Cover and biomass also initially increased in response to the perturbations. However, after the initial positive short-term responses, S. acaulis cover declined in the manipulations, with the nutrient and combined warming and nutrient treatments having largest negative impact. No clear patterns were found for fruit production. Our results show that S. acaulis living in harsh environments has potential to react quickly when experiencing years with favorable conditions, and is more responsive to nutrient enhancement than to warming in terms of vegetative growth. While these conditions have an initial positive impact, populations experiencing longer-term increased nutrient levels will likely be negatively affected.

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  • 4.
    Andersson, Claes
    et al.
    Malmö högskola, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Criminology (KR).
    Danielsson, Susanne
    Silverberg-Dymling, Gunilla
    Löndahl, Gunnel
    Johansson, Björn Axel
    Evaluation of Interactive Voice Response (IVR) and postal survey in follow-up of children and adolescents discharged from psychiatric outpatient treatment: a randomized controlled trial2014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, no 77, article id 77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systematic evaluation of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient treatment is important but time-consuming. The aim of this paper was to study whether Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a more effective method than a questionnaire sent by post when following up outpatient treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry. Eighty patients were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient unit in Sweden. One parent of each of the patients was randomized to complete the BCFPI follow-up form, using either IVR (n = 40) or postal survey (n = 40) one month after discharge. The response rate for complete answers was 65% in the IVR group and 38% in the postal survey group (p = 0.014). There was less need for reminders in the IVR group (p = 0.000). IVR is a promising and cost-effective method for evaluating evidence-based treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric care.

  • 5.
    Björklund, Glenn
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap.
    Holmberg, Hans-Christer
    Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap.
    Stöggl, Thomas
    Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap.
    The effects of prior high intensity double poling on subsequent diagonal stride skiing characteristics2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the influence of prior high intensity double poling (DP) on physiological and biomechanical responses during subsequent diagonal stride (DIA). Methods: Eight well-trained male cross-country skiers (age 22 ± 3 yr; VO2max 69 ± 3 ml · kg−1 · min−1) roller-skied on a treadmill sequentially for 3 min at 90% DIA VO2max (DIA1), 3 min at 90% DP VO2peak and 3 min at 90% DIA VO2max (DIA2). Cardio-respiratory responses were monitored continuously and gases and metabolites in blood from the a. femoralis, v. femoralis and v. subclavia determined. Pole and plantar forces and EMG from 6 lower- and upper-body muscles were measured. Results: VO2 decreased from DIA1 to DP and increased again to DIA2 (both P < 0.05), with no difference between the DIA sessions. Blood lactate rose from DIA1 to DP to DIA2. O2 extraction was attenuated during DP (P < 0.05), but was the same during DIA1 and DIA2. EMGRMS for arm muscles during poling phase, as well as peak pole force and cycle rate were higher, while leg muscle activity was lower during DP than both sessions of DIA (all P < 0.05). The ratio of upper-/whole-body EMGRMS correlated negatively with O2 extraction in the arms during both sessions of DIA (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In well-trained skiers skiing at high-intensity DP prior to DIA did not influence VO2, muscle activation or forces in the latter. At race intensity DP does not influence the distribution of work between upper- and lower-body during a subsequent bout of DIA. O2 extraction is coupled to technical skills during skiing.

  • 6.
    Björklund, Glenn
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Holmberg, Hans-Christer
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Swedish Olymp Comm, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Stöggl, Thomas
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Salzburg Univ, Dept Sport Sci & Kinesiol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
    The effects of prior high intensity double poling on subsequent diagonal stride skiing characteristics2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the influence of prior high intensity double poling (DP) on physiological and biomechanical responses during subsequent diagonal stride (DIA). Methods: Eight well-trained male cross-country skiers (age 22 ± 3 yr; VO2max 69 ± 3 ml · kg−1 · min−1) roller-skied on a treadmill sequentially for 3 min at 90% DIA VO2max (DIA1), 3 min at 90% DP VO2peak and 3 min at 90% DIA VO2max (DIA2). Cardio-respiratory responses were monitored continuously and gases and metabolites in blood from the a. femoralis, v. femoralis and v. subclavia determined. Pole and plantar forces and EMG from 6 lower- and upper-body muscles were measured. Results: VO2 decreased from DIA1 to DP and increased again to DIA2 (both P < 0.05), with no difference between the DIA sessions. Blood lactate rose from DIA1 to DP to DIA2. O2 extraction was attenuated during DP (P < 0.05), but was the same during DIA1 and DIA2. EMGRMS for arm muscles during poling phase, as well as peak pole force and cycle rate were higher, while leg muscle activity was lower during DP than both sessions of DIA (all P < 0.05). The ratio of upper-/whole-body EMGRMS correlated negatively with O2 extraction in the arms during both sessions of DIA (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In well-trained skiers skiing at high-intensity DP prior to DIA did not influence VO2, muscle activation or forces in the latter. At race intensity DP does not influence the distribution of work between upper- and lower-body during a subsequent bout of DIA. O2 extraction is coupled to technical skills during skiing.

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  • 7.
    Dimberg, Jan
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. Biomedical Platform.
    Hong, Thaitrinh
    Vietnam National University.
    Nguyen, Linh Tu Thi
    Vietnam National University.
    Skarstedt, Marita
    Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Sture
    Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Matussek, Andreas
    Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Common 4977 bp deletion and novel alterations in mitochondrial DNA in Vietnamese patients with breast cancer2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, p. 1-7, article id 58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis and ageing. The mtDNA 4977 bp deletion is one of the most frequently observed mtDNA mutations in human tissues and may play a role in breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion in BC tissue and its association with clinical factors.

    We determined the presence of the 4977 bp common deletion in cancer and normal paired tissue samples from 106 Vietnamese patients with BC by sequencing PCR products.

    The mtDNA 4977 bp deletion was significantly more frequent in normal tissue in comparison with paired cancer tissue. Moreover, the incidence of the 4977 bp deletion in BC tissue was significantly higher in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive as compared with ER negative BC tissue. Preliminary results showed, in cancerous tissue, a significantly higher incidence of novel deletions in the group of patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison with the patients with no lymph node metastasis.

    We have found 4977 bp deletion in mtDNA to be a common event in BC and with special reference to ER positive BC. In addition, the novel deletions were shown to be related to lymph node metastasis. Our finding may provide complementary information in prediction of clinical outcome including metastasis, recurrence and survival of patients with BC.

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  • 8.
    Dimitrova, Radosveta
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology. Hiroshima University, Japan.
    Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu
    Acculturation orientations mediate the link between religious identity and adjustment of Turkish-Bulgarian and Turkish-German adolescents2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 1024Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a growing recognition of the need to examine religiousness and conduct research on its influence on acculturation and adjustment among ethnic minorities (Güngör et al. in Int J Behav Dev 36:367–373, 2012. doi:10.1177/0165025412448357). The present study compares Turkish minority youth in Bulgaria and Germany by examining relationships among religious identity, acculturation orientations (i.e., cultural maintenance and adoption) and acculturation outcomes (i.e., life satisfaction and socio-cultural adjustment to the Turkish and mainstream cultures). Participants were 161 youth in Bulgaria and 155 in Germany who completed measures on religious identity, acculturation orientations and adjustment. Results revealed that religious identity and Turkish culture maintenance are more important for Turkish-German, than for Turkish-Bulgarian youth. A multigroup path model showed that for both samples acculturation orientations partially mediated the link between religious identity and adjustment to the Turkish culture, whereas religious identity was directly related both to adjustment to the mainstream culture and to life satisfaction. Findings highlight the centrality of religious identity and Turkish domains of acculturation for positive adjustment outcomes for Turkish youth in Bulgaria and Germany.

  • 9.
    Díaz, José Luis Pérez
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Space Technology.
    Álvarez-Valenzuela, Marco Antonio
    Saint George Tech Ltd.
    Rodríguez-Celis, F.
    MAG SOAR S.L., Av. de Europa, 82, Valdemoro.
    Surface freezing of water2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 1, article id 629Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Freezing, melting, evaporation and condensation of water are essential ingredients for climate and eventually life on Earth. In the present work, we show how surface freezing of supercooled water in an open container is conditioned and triggered—exclusively—by humidity in air. Additionally, a change of phase is demonstrated to be triggered on the water surface forming surface ice crystals prior to freezing of bulk. The symmetry of the surface crystal, as well as the freezing point, depend on humidity, presenting at least three different types of surface crystals. Humidity triggers surface freezing as soon as it overpasses a defined value for a given temperature, generating a plurality of nucleation nodes. An evidence of simultaneous nucleation of surface ice crystals is also provided

  • 10.
    Hashemian, Sanaz
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    O'Rourke, Caitriona
    Phillips, James B.
    Strömberg, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    af Bjerkén, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Embryonic and mature astrocytes exert different effects on neuronal growth in rat ventral mesencephalic slice cultures2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, article id 558Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One obstacle with grafting of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease is the insufficient ability of the transplant to reinnervate the host striatum. Another issue is the prospective interaction between the donor fetal tissue and the adult astrocytes of the host. To study nerve fiber growth and its interaction with immature/mature astrocytes, ventral mesencephalic (VM) organotypic rat tissue cultures from embryonic days (E) 12, E14, and E18 were studied up to 35 days in vitro (DIV), and co-cultures of E14 VM tissue and mature green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive astrocytes were performed. Generally, nerve fibers grew from the tissue slice either in association with a monolayer of migrated astroglia surrounding the tissue (glial-associated), or distal to the astroglia as non-glial-associated outgrowth. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive glial-associated nerve fiber outgrowth reached a plateau at 21 DIV in E12 and E14 cultures. In E18 cultures, TH-positive neurons displayed short processes and migrated onto the astrocytes. While the non-glial-associated nerve fiber outgrowth dominated the E14 cultures, it was found absent in E18 cultures. The GFP-positive cells in the VM and GFP-positive astrocyte co-cultures were generally located distal to the monolayer of migrated fetal astrocytes, a few GFP-positive cells were however observed within the astrocytic monolayer. In those cases TH-positive neurons migrated towards the GFP-positive cells. Both the non-glial-and glial-associated nerve fibers grew onto the GFP-positive cells. Taken together, the glial-associated growth has limited outgrowth compared to the non-glial-associated nerve fibers, while none of the outgrowth types were hampered by the mature astrocytes.

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  • 11.
    Hoa Ly, Kien
    et al.
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University,Campus Valla, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden and Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, von Kraemers allé 1A-C, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Dahl, Joanne
    Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, von Kraemers allé 1A-C, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Carlbring, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University,Campus Valla, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden .
    Development and initial evaluation of a smartphone application based on acceptance and commitment therapy2012In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 1, article id 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An intervention, consisting of an ACT-based smartphone-application and a web-based psychoeducation, has been developed. The smartphone-application, together with the psychoeducation, aims to function as a self-help intervention for living consistently with one's values. The study is an exploratory investigation of this new smartphone-based tool.

    Case description: Primarily, the study aims at investigating a new field, providing a basis for generating hypotheses for further research. The first aim of this initial, exploratory study was to examine if this intervention had an effect on the variables of: valued actions, psychological flexibility, and life satisfaction as well as the states of depression, anxiety and stress, for a non-clinical sample of 11 Swedish Iphone users. This was made with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design without control group. The second aim was to investigate how the participants experienced the intervention, as measured by a qualitative questionnaire.

    Discussion and evaluation: The group analyses showed that the participants increased their valued action and psychological flexibility significantly during the intervention. Furthermore, value-based actions and psychological flexibility showed small effect sizes when comparing pretest and posttest score. However, the design of the study makes it impossible to draw any certain conclusions. The qualitative questionnaire showed a general positive experience of the intervention.

    Conclusions: The results from the present study indicated that the intervention should be studied further. The findings also generated a number of hypotheses that could be investigated in further research.

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  • 12. Husberg, Britt
    et al.
    Salehi, Karin
    Peters, Trevor
    Gunnarsson, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Michanek, Margareta
    Nordenskjöld, Agneta
    Strigård, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Congenital intestinal malrotation in adolescent and adult patients: a 12-year clinical and radiological survey2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 245Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Congenital intestinal malrotation is mainly detected in childhood and caused by incomplete rotation and fixation of the intestines providing the prerequisites for life-threatening volvulus of the midgut. The objective of this study was to evaluate a large cohort of adult patients with intestinal malrotation. Thirty-nine patients, 15-67 years, were diagnosed and admitted to a university setting with congenital intestinal malrotation 2002-2013. The patients were divided into three age groups for stratified evaluation. Medical charts were scrutinized, and clinical outcome of surgery was reviewed. Twelve patients presented as emergency cases, whereas 27 were admitted as elective cases. Diagnosis was established in 33 patients who underwent radiological investigation and in the remaining 6 during surgery. A Ladd's operation was performed in 31 symptomatic patients; a conservative strategy was chosen in eight cases. Volvulus was more common in the younger age group. Twenty-six surgically treated patients were available for telephone interview, 1-12 years after surgery. All patients, except one, regarded their general condition improved to a high degree (n = 18) or with some reservation (n = 7). Twelve patients suffered remaining abdominal pain of a chronic and diffuse character. Due to recurrence of malrotation six patients were reoperated. Symptomatic malrotation occurs in both children and the adult population. Improved awareness and an accurately performed CT scan can reveal the malformation and enable surgical treatment. A Ladd's procedure relieved most patients from their severe complaints even when a history of several years of suffering existed.

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  • 13. Jagerbrand, Annika K.
    et al.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, article id 95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

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  • 14.
    Jaros, Adam
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Rova, Ulrika
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Berglund, Kris
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering.
    Acetate adaptation of clostridia tyrobutyricum for improved fermentation production of butyrate2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an acidogenic bacterium capable of utilizing xylose for the fermentation production of butyrate. Hot water extraction of hardwood lingocellulose is an efficient method of producing xylose where autohydrolysis of xylan is catalysed by acetate originating from acetyl groups present in hemicellulose. The presence of acetic acid in the hydrolysate might have a severe impact on the subsequent fermentations. In this study the fermentation kinetics of C. tyrobutyricum cultures after being classically adapted for growth at 26.3 g/L acetate equivalents were studied. Analysis of xylose batch fermentations found that even in the presence of high levels of acetate, acetate adapted strains had similar fermentation kinetics as the parental strain cultivated without acetate. The parental strain exposed to acetate at inhibitory conditions demonstrated a pronounced lag phase (over 100 hours) in growth and butyrate production as compared to the adapted strain (25 hour lag) or non-inhibited controls (0 lag). Additional insight into the metabolic pathway of xylose consumption was gained by determining the specific activity of the acetate kinase (AK) enzyme in adapted versus control batches. AK activity was reduced by 63% in the presence of inhibitory levels of acetate, whether or not the culture had been adapted.

  • 15.
    Jildenstål, Pether K.
    et al.
    Örebro University Hospital. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Rawal, Narinder
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hallén, Jan L.
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Berggren, Lars
    Örebro University Hospital. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Jakobsson, Jan G.
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institution for Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Routines for reducing the occurrence of emergence agitation during awakening in children, a national survey2014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, article id 572Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emergence agitation following anesthesia in children is not uncommon. It is, although generally self-limiting, associated with both patient and parents distress. We conducted a national survey around the management of behavioral and neurocognitive disturbances after surgery/anesthesia including a case scenario about a child at risk for emergence reaction. Premedication with clonidine or midazolam would have been used 58 and 37% of responders respectively. A propofol based anesthesia was the most common anesthetic technique, however sevoflurane or desflurane was an option for 45 and 8% of responders. Before awakening 65% would have administered an opioid, 48% a low-dose of propofol and 25% clonidine. Sign or symptoms of behavioral disturbance was not assessed by standardize assessment tools.

    A majority of Swedish anesthesia personnel would undertake some preventive action when handling a child at risk for an emergence reaction, the preventive measure differed and it seems as there is an obvious room for further improvements.

  • 16. Johansson, Björn Axel
    et al.
    Remvall, Susanne
    Malgerud, Rasmus
    Lindgren, Anna
    Andersson, Claes
    Malmö högskola, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Criminology (KR).
    Interactive voice response: an automated follow-up technique for adolescents discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient care: a randomised controlled trial2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, no 1, article id 146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Follow-up methods must be easy for young people to handle. We examine Interactive Voice Response (IVR) as a method for collecting self-reported data. Sixty inpatients were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric emergency unit in Malmö, Sweden and called every second (N = 30) or every fourth (N = 30) day from discharge until first visit in outpatient care. A pre-recorded voice asked them to evaluate their current mood using their mobile phones. Average response rate was 91%, and 71% had a 100% response rate. Gender, age and length of inpatient treatment did not affect response rate, nor did randomisation. Boys estimated their current mood on average as 3.52 units higher than girls, CI = (2.65, 4.48). Automated IVR is a feasible method of collecting follow-up data among adolescents discharged from a psychiatric emergency unit.

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  • 17.
    Jägerbrand, Annika
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Environment.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

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  • 18. Jägerbrand, Annika
    et al.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Uppsala universitet, Växtekologi och evolution.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, article id 95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 19. Jägerbrand, Annika K.
    et al.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Uppsala universitet, Växtekologi och evolution.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, article id 95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 20. Jägerbrand, Annika K.
    et al.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

  • 21. Jägerbrand, Annika K.
    et al.
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the effects of human trampling on cover, diversity and species richness in an alpine heath ecosystem in northern Sweden. We tested the hypothesis that proximity to trails decreases plant cover, diversity and species richness of the canopy and the understory. We found a significant decrease in plant cover with proximity to the trail for the understory, but not for the canopy level, and significant decreases in the abundance of deciduous shrubs in the canopy layer and lichens in the understory. Proximity also had a significant negative impact on species richness of lichens. However, there were no significant changes in species richness, diversity or evenness of distribution in the canopy or understory with proximity to the trail. While not significant, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous bryophytes tended to have contrasting abundance patterns with differing proximity to the trail, indicating that trampling may cause shifts in dominance hierarchies of different groups of bryophytes. Due to the decrease in understory cover, the abundance of litter, rock and soil increased with proximity to the trail. These results demonstrate that low-frequency human trampling in alpine heaths over long periods can have major negative impacts on lichen abundance and species richness. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that trampling can decrease species richness of lichens. It emphasises the importance of including species-level data on non-vascular plants when conducting studies in alpine or tundra ecosystems, since they often make up the majority of species and play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and response in many of these extreme environments.

  • 22.
    Jägerbrand, Annika K.
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Sjöbergh, Jonas
    Hokkaido University.
    Effects of weather conditions, light conditions, and road lighting on vehicle speed2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 1, article id 505Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light conditions are known to affect the number of vehicle accidents and fatalities but the relationship between light conditions and vehicle speed is not fully understood. This study examined whether vehicle speed on roads is higher in daylight and under road lighting than in darkness, and determined the combined effects of light conditions, posted speed limit and weather conditions on driving speed. The vehicle speed of passenger cars in different light conditions (daylight, twilight, darkness, artificial light) and different weather conditions (clear weather, rain, snow) was determined using traffic and weather data collected on an hourly basis for approximately 2 years (1 September 2012–31 May 2014) at 25 locations in Sweden (17 with road lighting and eight without). In total, the data included almost 60 million vehicle passes. The data were cleaned by removing June, July, and August, which have different traffic patterns than the rest of the year. Only data from the periods 10:00 A.M.–04:00 P.M. and 06:00 P.M.–10:00 P.M. were used, to remove traffic during rush hour and at night. Multivariate adaptive regression splines was used to evaluate the overall influence of independent variables on vehicle speed and nonparametric statistical testing was applied to test for speed differences between dark–daylight, dark–twilight, and twilight–daylight, on roads with and without road lighting. The results show that vehicle speed in general depends on several independent variables. Analyses of vehicle speed and speed differences between daylight, twilight and darkness, with and without road lighting, did not reveal any differences attributable to light conditions. However, vehicle speed decreased due to rain or snow and the decrease was higher on roads without road lighting than on roads with lighting. These results suggest that the strong association between traffic accidents and darkness or low light conditions could be explained by drivers failing to adjust their speed to the reduced visibility in dark conditions.

  • 23.
    Jägerbrand, Annika K
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Environment.
    Sjöbergh, Jonas
    Hokkaido University.
    Effects of weather conditions, light conditions, and road lighting on vehicle speed2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 1, article id 505Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light conditions are known to affect the number of vehicle accidents and fatalities but the relationship between light conditions and vehicle speed is not fully understood. This study examined whether vehicle speed on roads is higher in daylight and under road lighting than in darkness, and determined the combined effects of light conditions, posted speed limit and weather conditions on driving speed. The vehicle speed of passenger cars in different light conditions (daylight, twilight, darkness, artificial light) and different weather conditions (clear weather, rain, snow) was determined using traffic and weather data collected on an hourly basis for approximately 2 years (1 September 2012–31 May 2014) at 25 locations in Sweden (17 with road lighting and eight without). In total, the data included almost 60 million vehicle passes. The data were cleaned by removing June, July, and August, which have different traffic patterns than the rest of the year. Only data from the periods 10:00 A.M.–04:00 P.M. and 06:00 P.M.–10:00 P.M. were used, to remove traffic during rush hour and at night. Multivariate adaptive regression splines was used to evaluate the overall influence of independent variables on vehicle speed and nonparametric statistical testing was applied to test for speed differences between dark–daylight, dark–twilight, and twilight–daylight, on roads with and without road lighting. The results show that vehicle speed in general depends on several independent variables. Analyses of vehicle speed and speed differences between daylight, twilight and darkness, with and without road lighting, did not reveal any differences attributable to light conditions. However, vehicle speed decreased due to rain or snow and the decrease was higher on roads without road lighting than on roads with lighting. These results suggest that the strong association between traffic accidents and darkness or low light conditions could be explained by drivers failing to adjust their speed to the reduced visibility in dark conditions.

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    fulltext
  • 24.
    Jägerbrand, Annika
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
    Sjöbergh, Jonas
    Hokkaido University.
    Effects of weather conditions, light conditions, and road lighting on vehicle speed2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 1, article id 505Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light conditions are known to affect the number of vehicle accidents and fatalities but the relationship between light conditions and vehicle speed is not fully understood. This study examined whether vehicle speed on roads is higher in daylight and under road lighting than in darkness, and determined the combined effects of light conditions, posted speed limit and weather conditions on driving speed. The vehicle speed of passenger cars in different light conditions (daylight, twilight, darkness, artificial light) and different weather conditions (clear weather, rain, snow) was determined using traffic and weather data collected on an hourly basis for approximately 2 years (1 September 2012–31 May 2014) at 25 locations in Sweden (17 with road lighting and eight without). In total, the data included almost 60 million vehicle passes. The data were cleaned by removing June, July, and August, which have different traffic patterns than the rest of the year. Only data from the periods 10:00 A.M.–04:00 P.M. and 06:00 P.M.–10:00 P.M. were used, to remove traffic during rush hour and at night. Multivariate adaptive regression splines was used to evaluate the overall influence of independent variables on vehicle speed and nonparametric statistical testing was applied to test for speed differences between dark–daylight, dark–twilight, and twilight–daylight, on roads with and without road lighting. The results show that vehicle speed in general depends on several independent variables. Analyses of vehicle speed and speed differences between daylight, twilight and darkness, with and without road lighting, did not reveal any differences attributable to light conditions. However, vehicle speed decreased due to rain or snow and the decrease was higher on roads without road lighting than on roads with lighting. These results suggest that the strong association between traffic accidents and darkness or low light conditions could be explained by drivers failing to adjust their speed to the reduced visibility in dark conditions.

  • 25.
    Klinga, Gustaf
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    A retrospective evaluation of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 1167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can be associated with anemia, which can lead to more perioperative blood transfusions (PBT). Usage of PBT is associated with worse oncological outcomes. We evaluated the prevalence of preoperative anemia (PA) and the effect on hemoglobin levels depending on surgery timing after NAC.

    METHODS: A retrospective single-center study with 240 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) between 2001 and 2014 for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIBC). Anemia was defined according to the WHO classification (male ≤ 130 g/L, female ≤ 120 g/L). Multivariable logistical regression was used to identify factors associated with PA and Pearson correlation for evaluating the change in hemoglobin levels depending on surgery timing.

    RESULTS: Overall, 128 (53.3 %) patients were anemic pre-RC and 87 (36.3 %) patients received NAC. In a multivariable analysis, age, receipt of NAC, female gender, and low BMI were independent predictors of PA. In patients receiving NAC, the time to surgery from the last NAC cycle was correlated with the change in hemoglobin levels between the initiation of NAC and surgery.

    CONCLUSIONS: PA was common in patients undergoing RC for MIBC. Receipt of NAC was found to be a strong predictor of PA.

    CLINICAL MESSAGE: The emerging treatment of cisplatin based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, confers an increased risk for preoperative anemia. In the management of this malignancy, preoperative anemia renders further attention and focus.

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  • 26. Lennartsson, Jan
    et al.
    Lindberg, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Analysis and Probability Theory.
    Merton's problem for an investor with a benchmark in a Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard market2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, article id 87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To try to outperform an externally given benchmark with known weights is the most common equity mandate in the financial industry. For quantitative investors, this task is predominantly approached by optimizing their portfolios consecutively over short time horizons with one-period models. We seek in this paper to provide a theoretical justification to this practice when the underlying market is of Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard type. This is done by verifying that an investor who seeks to maximize her expected terminal exponential utility of wealth in excess of her benchmark will in fact use an optimal portfolio equivalent to the one-period Markowitz mean-variance problem in continuum under the corresponding Black-Scholes market. Further, we can represent the solution to the optimization problem as in Feynman-Kac form. Hence, the problem, and its solution, is analogous to Merton's classical portfolio problem, with the main difference that Merton maximizes expected utility of terminal wealth, not wealth in excess of a benchmark.

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  • 27.
    Lindgren, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Naredi, Silvana
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Hultin, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Leptin levels after subarachnoid haemorrhage are gender dependent2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 667Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disease where the majority of the patients are critically ill. The adipokine leptin has in cerebral emergencies been related to severity of disease and to adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to examine leptin levels over time after SAH and associations to gender, age, body mass index, severity of disease, parenteral lipids, systemic organ failure and outcome.

    Methods: Prospective observational study in 56 patients. Leptin was obtained 0-240 h after SAH, in 48 h intervals. Severity of disease was assessed with the Hunt and Hess score, organ failure with the sequential organ failure assessment score, and outcome with Glasgow outcome scale. Leptin levels in the SAH group were compared with controls from the same geographical area.

    Results: At admission, Leptin was significantly higher in SAH patients compared to controls, both in female (28.6 +/- 25.6 vs 13.0 +/- 2.3 ng/mL, p = 0.001) and male patients (13.3 +/- 8.4 vs 4.3 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Leptin levels remained stable over time. Female patients had significantly higher leptin levels than male patients, and deceased female patients had higher leptin levels than female survivors (85.5 +/- 20.5 vs 50.5 +/- 34.6, n = 4/35, p < 0.05). Leptin levels did not differ between male survivors and non-survivors. Leptin levels were not associated with severity of disease, organ failure or parenteral lipids.

    Conclusion: Leptin levels were significantly higher in both male and female patients compared to controls. Higher leptin levels were related to outcome and organ failure in women but not in men. When analysing leptin levels gender-related differences should be considered.

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  • 28.
    Loorents, Vera
    et al.
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Rosell, Johan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Health and Developmental Care, Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences.
    Salgado Willner, Helen
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Börjeson, Sussanne
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Health-related quality of life up to 1 year after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC)2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 1, article id 669Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Detailed symptom specific descriptions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), using validated questionnaires in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate HRQOL in patients with HNC up to 1 year after radiotherapy (RT), using two standardised questionnaires.

    Methods

    The data for the present study was originally collected in a randomised, prospective study. Forty-seven patients from two RT clinics in Sweden were included to investigate the secondary aim: HRQOL. Data was recorded at baseline, completion of RT, and 3, 6, 12 months after completed RT, using the questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30-version 3 and the disease-specific module EORTC QLQ-H&N35.

    Results

    Most symptoms and functions deteriorated significantly by the end of RT, improved gradually by 3 and 6 months and reached baseline levels at 12 months after completed RT. However, 1 year after completed RT there were remaining significant problems in senses, dry mouth and sticky saliva.

    Conclusions

    Radiation therapy affects health-related quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer, both in the short and long term. Caregivers need management strategies for early detection and treatment of specific problems throughout the treatment period to help in the prevention of long-term symptoms.

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  • 29.
    Ly, Kien Hoa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Uppsala Universitet, Sweden.
    Dahl, JoAnne
    Uppsala Universitet, Sweden.
    Carlbring, Per
    Umeå Universitet, Sweden.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Karolinska Univ, Huddinge, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Development and initial evaluation of a smartphone application based on acceptance and commitment therapy2012In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 1, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    An intervention, consisting of an ACT-based smartphone-application and a web-based         psychoeducation, has been developed. The smartphone-application, together with the         psychoeducation, aims to function as a self-help intervention for living consistently         with one's values. The study is an exploratory investigation of this new smartphone-based         tool.     

    Case description

    Primarily, the study aims at investigating a new field, providing a basis for generating         hypotheses for further research. The first aim of this initial, exploratory study         was to examine if this intervention had an effect on the variables of: valued actions,         psychological flexibility, and life satisfaction as well as the states of depression,         anxiety and stress, for a non-clinical sample of 11 Swedish Iphone users. This was         made with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design without control group. The         second aim was to investigate how the participants experienced the intervention, as         measured by a qualitative questionnaire.     

    Discussion and evaluation

    The group analyses showed that the participants increased their valued action and         psychological flexibility significantly during the intervention. Furthermore, value-based         actions and psychological flexibility showed small effect sizes when comparing pretest         and posttest score. However, the design of the study makes it impossible to draw any         certain conclusions. The qualitative questionnaire showed a general positive experience         of the intervention.     

    Conclusions

    The results from the present study indicated that the intervention should be studied         further. The findings also generated a number of hypotheses that could be investigated         in further research.

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  • 30.
    Ly, Kien Hoa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Linkoping Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Learning, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden..
    Dahl, JoAnne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Carlbring, Per
    Umea Univ, Dept Psychol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden..
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Learning, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ, Huddinge Hosp, Div Psychiat, Dept Clin Neurosci,KarolinkalInst, S-14186 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Development and initial evaluation of a smartphone application based on acceptance and commitment therapy2012In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 1, article id 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An intervention, consisting of an ACT-based smartphone-application and a web-based psychoeducation, has been developed. The smartphone-application, together with the psychoeducation, aims to function as a self-help intervention for living consistently with one's values. The study is an exploratory investigation of this new smartphone-based tool. Case description: Primarily, the study aims at investigating a new field, providing a basis for generating hypotheses for further research. The first aim of this initial, exploratory study was to examine if this intervention had an effect on the variables of: valued actions, psychological flexibility, and life satisfaction as well as the states of depression, anxiety and stress, for a non-clinical sample of 11 Swedish Iphone users. This was made with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design without control group. The second aim was to investigate how the participants experienced the intervention, as measured by a qualitative questionnaire. Discussion and evaluation: The group analyses showed that the participants increased their valued action and psychological flexibility significantly during the intervention. Furthermore, value-based actions and psychological flexibility showed small effect sizes when comparing pretest and posttest score. However, the design of the study makes it impossible to draw any certain conclusions. The qualitative questionnaire showed a general positive experience of the intervention. Conclusions: The results from the present study indicated that the intervention should be studied further. The findings also generated a number of hypotheses that could be investigated in further research.

  • 31. Ma, Yuanjun
    et al.
    Miao, Yali
    Peng, Zhuochun
    Sandgren, Johanna
    De Stahl, Teresita Diaz
    Huss, Mikael
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Stockholm University, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab).
    Lennartsson, Lena
    Liu, Yanling
    Nister, Monica
    Nilsson, Sten
    Li, Chunde
    Identification of mutations, gene expression changes and fusion transcripts by whole transcriptome RNAseq in docetaxel resistant prostate cancer cells2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 1861Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Docetaxel has been the standard first-line therapy in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. The survival benefit is, however, limited by either primary or acquired resistance. In this study, Du145 prostate cancer cells were converted to docetaxel-resistant cells Du145-R and Du145-RB by in vitro culturing. Next generation RNAseq was employed to analyze these cell lines. Forty-two genes were identified to have acquired mutations after the resistance development, of which thirty-four were found to have mutations in published sequencing studies using prostate cancer samples from patients. Fourteen novel and 2 previously known fusion genes were inferred from the RNA-seq data, and 13 of these were validated by RT-PCR and/or re-sequencing. Four in-frame fusion transcripts could be transcribed into fusion proteins in stably transfected HEK293 cells, including MYH9-EIF3D and LDLR-RPL31P11, which were specific identified or up-regulated in the docetaxel resistant DU145 cells. A panel of 615 gene transcripts was identified to have significantly changed expression profile in the docetaxel resistant cells. These transcriptional changes have potential for further study as predictive biomarkers and as targets of docetaxel treatment.

  • 32.
    Makela, Johanna
    et al.
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.;Minerva Fdn, Inst Med Res, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland..
    Tselykh, Timofey V.
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.;Minerva Fdn, Inst Med Res, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland..
    Maiorana, Francesca
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.;Univ Palermo, Div Human Physiol, Dept Expt Biomed & Clin Neurosci, I-90134 Palermo, Italy..
    Eriksson, Ove
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland..
    Do, Hai Thi
    Mudo, Giuseppa
    Univ Palermo, Div Human Physiol, Dept Expt Biomed & Clin Neurosci, I-90134 Palermo, Italy..
    Korhonen, Laura T.
    Linköping University. Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.;Minerva Fdn, Inst Med Res, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland..
    Belluardo, Natale
    Univ Palermo, Div Human Physiol, Dept Expt Biomed & Clin Neurosci, I-90134 Palermo, Italy..
    Lindholm, Dan
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed Biochem & Dev Biol, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.;Minerva Fdn, Inst Med Res, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland..
    Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1 alpha in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-12014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, article id 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mitochondrial dysfunctions accompany several neurodegenerative disorders and contribute to disease pathogenesis among others in Parkinson's disease (PD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is a major regulator of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis, and was suggested as a therapeutic target in PD. PGC-1 alpha is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational events involving also the action of growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the body but little is known about its action in the brain. We show here that FGF21 increased the levels and activity of PGC-1 alpha and elevated mitochondrial antioxidants in human dopaminergic cells in culture. The activation of PGC-1 alpha by FGF21 occurred via the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) subsequent to an increase in the enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). FGF21 also enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human dopaminergic neurons as shown in real-time analyses of living cells. FGF21 is present in the brain including midbrain and is expressed by glial cells in culture. These results show that FGF21 activates PGC-1 alpha and increases mitochondrial efficacy in human dopaminergic neurons suggesting that FGF21 could potentially play a role in dopaminergic neuron viability and in PD.

  • 33.
    Niyonzima, Théophile
    et al.
    Department of Geography, National University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda.
    Stage, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Uwera, Claudine
    Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The value of access to water: livestock farming in Nyagatare district, Rwanda2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Rwanda, access to water is seen as a significant constraint to development in both urban and rural areas. The government and foreign donors give priority to improving access to water for agricultural use. In this paper we study whether and, if so, to what extent the revenue generated by livestock farming in the Nyagatare District is affected by the distance that cattle need to go in order to reach the nearest water point. Our findings suggest that this distance does not affect the revenue from livestock farming much, indicating that  improved access to water is not a major constraint to livestock farming at present. Therefore, other water needs can be given greater weight.

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  • 34.
    Niyonzima, Théophile
    et al.
    Department of Geography, National University of Rwanda.
    Stage, Jesper
    Department of Business, Economics and Law, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall.
    Uwera, Claudine
    Department of Economics, National University of Rwanda, Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg.
    The value of access to water: livestock farming in the Nyagatare District, Rwanda2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, article id 644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Rwanda, access to water is seen as a significant constraint to development in both urban and rural areas. The government and foreign donors give priority to improving access to water for agricultural use. In this paper we study whether and, if so, to what extent the revenue generated by livestock farming in the Nyagatare District is affected by the distance that cattle need to go in order to reach the nearest water point. Our findings suggest that this distance does not affect the revenue from livestock farming much, indicating that improved access to water is not a major constraint to livestock farming at present. Therefore, other water needs can be given greater weight.

  • 35.
    Pettersson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Philosophy, Ethics and Social Philosophy.
    The intuition of neutrality and consequentialist thinking: potential antinatalist implications2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, article id 99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many people seem to share some version of what has been called the “intuition of neutrality” aboutcreating new people, which, roughly, says that there exists a certain range of levels of well-beingsuch that creating people within this range is, in itself, morally neutral, but creating people with alevel of well-being outside this range is not morally neutral. In this paper, I will discuss differentinterpretations of this intuition, and specifically distinguish between what I will call counterfactualinterpretations and Do-interpretations of the intuition. I will argue that it is hard to interpret theintuition in a way that does not give rise to antinatalist moral reasons, i.e. reasons favoring an emptyfuture population, when it comes to choices of social policy. In particular, this holds if we assume aconception of relevant outcomes of actions reflecting consequentialist moral intuitions. In the end, I will formulate a normative principle of welfare promotion which I argue respects the most plausiblecounterfactual version of the neutrality intuition.

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  • 36.
    Pyykko, Ilmari
    et al.
    University of Tampere, Finland.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Disability Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research. Lamar University, TX 77710 USA; Audiol India, India.
    Levo, Hilla
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Kentala, Erna
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Impact evaluation and association with EuroQol 5D health-related utility values in Menieres disease2015In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 4, no 717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study was aimed at evaluating the validity of impact measures among patients with Menieres disease (MD) with outcome variables of EuroQol generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures (i.e., EQ-5D) by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and EQ-5D index values. 183 members (out of 200 contacted) of the Finish Meniere Association returned the questionnaires that they had filled out. Various open-ended and structured questionnaires focusing on diagnostic aspects of symptoms and impairment caused by the disease were used. For activity limitation and participation restriction, standardized questionnaires were used. Open-ended questions on impact of the disease were asked, and subsequently classified based on the WHO-ICF classification. The general HRQoL was evaluated with EQ-5D index value and EQ VAS instruments. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between HRQoL and other aspects. Based on the explanatory power of different models the disease specific semeionic model provides the most accurate prediction in EQ-5D index calculations (38 % of the variance explained). In EQ VAS scores, HRQoL is most accurately determined by participation restriction (53 % of the variance explained), but the worst prediction was in ICF-based limitations (8 % of the variance explained). Interestingly, attitude and personal trait explained the reduction of HRQoL somewhat better than ICF-based variables. Activity limitation and participation restrictions are significant components of MD, but are less frequently recognized as significant factors in self-evaluating the effect of MD on the quality of life. The current study results suggest that MD patients seem to have problem identifying factors causing activity limitation and participation restrictions and hence use the semiotic description focusing on complaints.

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  • 37.
    Rodling Wahlström, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Olivecrona, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Ahlm, Clas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases.
    Bengtsson, Anders
    The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Naredi, Silvana
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Hultin, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology.
    Effects of prostacyclin on the early inflammatory response in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomised clinical study2014In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 3, article id 98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: A prospective, randomised, double-blinded, clinical trial was performed at a level 1 trauma centre to determine if a prostacyclin analogue, epoprostenol (Flolan®), could attenuate systemic inflammatory response in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

    SUBJECTS: 46 patients with severe TBI, randomised to epoprostenol (n = 23) or placebo (n = 23).

    TREATMENT: Epoprostenol, 0.5 ng · kg(-1) · min(-1), or placebo (saline) was given intravenously for 72 hours and then tapered off over the next 24 hours.

    METHODS: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels were measured over five days. Measurements were made at 24 h intervals ≤24 h after TBI to 97-120 h after TBI.

    RESULTS: A significantly lower CRP level was detected in the epoprostenol group compared to the placebo group within 73-96 h (p = 0.04) and within 97-120 h (p = 0.008) after trauma. IL-6 within 73-96 h after TBI was significantly lower in the epoprostenol group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.04). ADMA was significantly increased within 49-72 h and remained elevated, but there was no effect of epoprostenol on ADMA levels. No significant differences between the epoprostenol and placebo groups were detected for IL-8 or sICAM-1.

    CONCLUSIONS: Administration of the prostacyclin analogue epoprostenol significantly decreased CRP and, to some extent, IL-6 levels in patients with severe TBI compared to placebo. These findings indicate an interesting option for treatment of TBI and warrants future larger studies.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT01363583.

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  • 38.
    Sandvig, Axel
    et al.
    Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Neurosci, Div Neurosurg & Clin Neurophysiol, Umea, Sweden.;Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, Trondheim, Norway..
    Jonsson, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Ortoped, Spinal Unit, Umea, Sweden.
    Spontaneous chronic epidural hematoma in the lumbar spine associated with Warfarin intake: a case report2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 1832Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas are rare. However, in patients on anticoagulant treatment the risk may increase. Symptomatically patients may present with radiculopathy and even progressive neurological deficits. Case description: We present a case of a warfarin treated patient with left L5 radiculopathy. MRI was evaluated as showing a lumbar disc prolapse or synovial cyst at L4-L5 level. The patient was operated and an organized material was removed and analysed as a hematoma. No prolapsed disc or synovial cyst was found. The patient was neurologically restored following the operation. Discussion and Evaluation: This case illustrates how spontaneous epidural spinal hematomas can present with symptoms of radiculopathy and radiologically be misinterpreted as a protruding disc or cyst. Conclusion: Warfarin treated patients may have an increased risk of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas.

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  • 39.
    Strand, Carina
    et al.
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Bak, Martin
    Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
    Borgquist, Signe
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Chebil, Gunilla
    Unilabs, Mammography, Helsingborg, Sweden.
    Falck, Anna-Karin
    Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden.
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Grabau, Dorthe
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Hedenfalk, Ingrid
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Jirström, Karin
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Klintman, Marie
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Malmström, Per
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Ryden, Lisa
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Bendahl, Pär-Ola
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Fernö, Mårten
    Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    The combination of Ki67, histological grade and estrogen receptor status identifies a low-risk group among 1,854 chemo-naïve women with N0/N1 primary breast cancer2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, no 111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The aim was to confirm a previously defined prognostic index, combining a proliferation marker, histological grade, and estrogen receptor (ER) in different subsets of primary N0/N1 chemo-naïve breast cancer patients.

    METHODSDESIGN:

    In the present study, including 1,854 patients, Ki67 was used in the index (KiGE), since it is the generally accepted proliferation marker in clinical routine. The low KiGE-group was defined as histological grade 1 patients and grade 2 patients which were ER-positive and had low Ki67 expression. All other patients made up the high KiGE-group. The KiGE-index separated patients into two groups with different prognosis. In multivariate analysis, KiGE was significantly associated with disease-free survival, when adjusted for age at diagnosis, tumor size and adjuvant endocrine treatment (hazard ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.6-4.7, P<0.0001).

    DISCUSSION:

    We have confirmed a prognostic index based on a proliferation marker (Ki67), histological grade, and ER for identification of a low-risk group of patients with N0/N1 primary breast cancer. For this low-risk group constituting 57% of the patients, with a five-year distant disease-free survival of 92%, adjuvant chemotherapy will have limited effect and may be avoided.

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  • 40.
    Strand, Carina
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Bak, Martin
    Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark..
    Borgquist, Signe
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Chebil, Gunilla
    Unilabs, Mammog, SE-25223 Helsingborg, Sweden..
    Falck, Anna-Karin
    Helsingborg Hosp, Dept Surg, SE-28185 Helsingborg, Sweden..
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology.
    Grabau, Dorthe
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Hedenfalk, Ingrid
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Jirström, Karin
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Pathol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Klintman, Marie
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Malmström, Per
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.;Skane Univ Hosp, Skane Dept Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Olsson, Hans
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Cty Council Ostergotland,Mol & Immunol Pathol, Dept Clin Pathol & Clin Genet,Dept Clin & Expt Me, SE-58191 Linkoping, Sweden..
    Rydén, Lisa
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Surg, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Stål, Olle
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Cty Council Ostergotland, Dept Clin & Expt Med,Div Oncol, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden..
    Bendahl, Pär-Ola
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    Fernö, Mårten
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Div Oncol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden..
    The combination of Ki67, histological grade and estrogen receptor status identifies a low-risk group among 1,854 chemo-naive women with N0/N1 primary breast cancer2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, article id 111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim was to confirm a previously defined prognostic index, combining a proliferation marker, histological grade, and estrogen receptor (ER) in different subsets of primary N0/N1 chemo-naive breast cancer patients. Methods/design: In the present study, including 1,854 patients, Ki67 was used in the index (KiGE), since it is the generally accepted proliferation marker in clinical routine. The low KiGE-group was defined as histological grade 1 patients and grade 2 patients which were ER-positive and had low Ki67 expression. All other patients made up the high KiGE-group. The KiGE-index separated patients into two groups with different prognosis. In multivariate analysis, KiGE was significantly associated with disease-free survival, when adjusted for age at diagnosis, tumor size and adjuvant endocrine treatment (hazard ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.6-4.7, P<0.0001). Discussion: We have confirmed a prognostic index based on a proliferation marker (Ki67), histological grade, and ER for identification of a low-risk group of patients with N0/N1 primary breast cancer. For this low-risk group constituting 57% of the patients, with a five-year distant disease-free survival of 92%, adjuvant chemotherapy will have limited effect and may be avoided.

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  • 41.
    Svedin, Dick
    et al.
    Department of Business, Economics and Law, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Stage, Jesper
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Social Sciences.
    Impacts of foreign direct investment on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, article id 614Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of studies have found that foreign direct investment (FDI) can have positive impacts on productivity. However, while FDI has clearly positive impacts on technology transfers, its effects on resource use within firms is less clear and, in principle, efficiency losses might offset some of the productivity gains associated with improved technologies. In this paper, we study the impacts of FDI on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing. We find that foreign ownership has positive impacts on efficiency, supporting the earlier findings on productivity.

  • 42.
    Svedin, Dick
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Stage, Jesper
    Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå.
    Impacts of foreign direct investment on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing2016In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 5, no 614Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of studies have found that foreign direct investment (FDI) can have positive impacts on productivity. However, while FDI has clearly positive impacts on technology transfers, its effects on resource use within firms is less clear and, in principle, efficiency losses might offset some of the productivity gains associated with improved technologies. In this paper, we study the impacts of FDI on efficiency in Swedish manufacturing. We find that foreign ownership has positive impacts on efficiency, supporting the earlier findings on productivity.

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  • 43.
    Svennebring, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Wikberg, Jarl E. S.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Net present value approaches for drug discovery2013In: SpringerPlus, E-ISSN 2193-1801, Vol. 2, article id 140Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three dedicated approaches to the calculation of the risk-adjusted net present value (rNPV) in drug discovery projects under different assumptions are suggested. The probability of finding a candidate drug suitable for clinical development and the time to the initiation of the clinical development is assumed to be flexible in contrast to the previously used models. The rNPV of the post-discovery cash flows is calculated as the probability weighted average of the rNPV at each potential time of initiation of clinical development. Practical considerations how to set probability rates, in particular during the initiation and termination of a project is discussed.

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