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  • 1.
    Alonso-Rasgado, Teresa
    et al.
    University of Manchester.
    Thompson, G.
    University of Manchester.
    Elfström, Bengt-Olof
    The design of functional (total care) products2004In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 15, no 6, p. 515-540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Total care products (functional products) are integrated systems comprising hardware and support services. The functional product supplier provides all the support systems that are required to keep the hardware operable. The support systems are often referred to as 'services'. The success of total care products depends upon both hardware and services. Well established methods exist for the design of hardware. In comparison, design processes and methods for services are not so well developed. This paper is concerned with the definition and design of functional products, in particular design of services in the context of total care products. Literature from the service sector is reviewed extensively to identify the principal components of service design. The information required for the execution of each component of the process, and outputs of each component, are considered with respect to the design of total care products. Of particular interest is the customer-supplier relationship throughout the design process. The design of a total care product may involve the creation of a new service system or there may be an existing system that may be adapted or developed. Similarly, hardware may be mature or be a completely new product. There are therefore number of permutations of novelty and maturity in the hardware and service components of a new total care product. The design processes and methods employed must take into account the required degree of novelty in each component. Typically a customer will be given a guarantee of a certain level of availability of the total care product. This brings into sharp focus the reliability and maintainability of the total system. Further research directions in total care product design are identified especially related to functional reliability

  • 2.
    André, Samuel
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Product Development. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Product Development - Computer supported engineering design.
    Elgh, Fredrik
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Product Development. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Product Development - Computer supported engineering design.
    Johansson, Joel
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Product Development. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Product Development - Computer supported engineering design.
    Stolt, Roland
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Product Development. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Product Development - Computer supported engineering design.
    The design platform – a coherent platform description of heterogeneous design assets for suppliers of highly customised systems2017In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 28, no 10-12, p. 599-626Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Companies developing highly customised products are continuously faced with fluctuating requirements during the early and late stages of the product development (PD) process. This differs from companies that develop end-consumer products, which uses fixed specifications and where product platforms have been a successful enabler for efficient customisation. However, in the past, product platforms have not been able to fully support companies working in an engineer-to-order business environment. This article outlines the results from a three-year collaborative research project between academics within the area of engineering design and practitioners from the engineer-to-order industry. The research introduces a design platform (DP) that aims to support the development of customised products when traditional platform concepts do not suffice. The platform approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous design assets to be used in PD by supporting both the design activity and the finished solutions. The needs and abilities regarding such a platform were investigated through a series of interviews and workshops at four companies. Then, the DP was modelled and support tools were developed. Finally, company representatives evaluated the complete DP and its applications, reporting promising results.

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  • 3.
    Arjomandi Rad, Mohamma
    et al.
    Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Cenanovic, Mirza
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Industrial Product Development, Production and Design, JTH, Production development. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Industrial Product Development, Production and Design, JTH, Product design and development (PDD).
    Salomonsson, Kent
    School of Engineering Science, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
    Image regression-based digital qualification for simulation-driven design processes, case study on curtain airbag2023In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 1-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today digital qualification tools are part of many design processes that make them dependent on long and expensive simulations, leading to limited ability in exploring design alternatives. Conventional surrogate modelling techniques depend on the parametric models and come short in addressing radical design changes. Existing data-driven models lack the ability in dealing with the geometrical complexities. Thus, to address the resulting long development lead time problem in the product development processes and to enable parameter-independent surrogate modelling, this paper proposes a method to use images as input for design evaluation. Using a case study on the curtain airbag design process, a database consisting of 60,000 configurations has been created and labelled using a method based on dynamic relaxation instead of finite element methods. The database is made available online for research benchmark purposes. A convolutional neural network with multiple layers is employed to map the input images to the simulation output. It was concluded that the showcased data-driven method could reduce digital testing and qualification time significantly and contribute to real-time analysis in product development. Designers can utilise images of geometrical information to build real-time prediction models with acceptable accuracy in the early conceptual phases for design space exploration purposes.

  • 4.
    Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad
    et al.
    Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Cenanovic, Mirza
    Department of Product Development, Production and Design, Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Salomonsson, Kent
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment.
    Image regression-based digital qualification for simulation-driven design processes, case study on curtain airbag2023In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 1-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today digital qualification tools are part of many design processes that make them dependent on long and expensive simulations, leading to limited ability in exploring design alternatives. Conventional surrogate modelling techniques depend on the parametric models and come short in addressing radical design changes. Existing data-driven models lack the ability in dealing with the geometrical complexities. Thus, to address the resulting long development lead time problem in the product development processes and to enable parameter-independent surrogate modelling, this paper proposes a method to use images as input for design evaluation. Using a case study on the curtain airbag design process, a database consisting of 60,000 configurations has been created and labelled using a method based on dynamic relaxation instead of finite element methods. The database is made available online for research benchmark purposes. A convolutional neural network with multiple layers is employed to map the input images to the simulation output. It was concluded that the showcased data-driven method could reduce digital testing and qualification time significantly and contribute to real-time analysis in product development. Designers can utilise images of geometrical information to build real-time prediction models with acceptable accuracy in the early conceptual phases for design space exploration purposes.

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  • 5.
    Axeborn, M.
    et al.
    Trollhättan-Uddevalla Univ., Box 957, S-46129 Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Gould, A.
    Trollhättan-Uddevalla Univ., Box 957, S-46129 Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Stig
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Dynamic product development of rain protection for vans2004In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 229-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a successful development of a new accessory rain protection for vans for which the principles of Dynamic Product Development (DPD) was used. The development was done and documented during 10 weeks. The result of the project is a prototype model for Opel Combo that unfolds automatically when the doors are opened (see figure 1). The work resulted in a Unigraphic model that makes it possible to easily make rain protections for other types of vans. What characterizes the new rain protection is that it is easy to mount, easy to use, possible to open doors 180° and that it takes a limited space when folded. Due to the materials recommended, it is environmental friendly.

  • 6.
    Björk, Eva-Stina
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), Centre for Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Learning Research (CIEL).
    Ottosson, Stig
    Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
    Aspects of consideration in product development research2007In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 195-207Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One reason for conducting research on product development processes is to improve the usability in methods and tools for companies to be more competitive and efficient. However, the transfer of research findings over to industry has been shown to be slow and incremental, which could be seen as a result of bad usability and/or low acceptability in research findings from studies on industrial product development processes.

    According to our research and practice experience, we have found that, to grasp what really happens on a daily basis in a development project, to get the opportunity to reflect upon it, and to understand the complex nature of a development process, it is necessary to conduct insider action research (IAR), which is a qualitative approach. So far, the traditional outsider perspective using a quantitative research approach has been dominant. Conducting IAR means that the researcher is present and intervenes most of the time in a development project either as project leader, team member or observer.

    To improve the opportunities for implementation of research findings (which is an important issue for society as a whole) and to guarantee trust in presented research findings, IAR has proved to be efficient in the studied projects. As the research situation becomes unique for each product development process, trust in the research findings is strongly related to the presence of the researcher in the development process. Reliability and credibility in terms of provable data can be filed in diaries, email communications, and so on, and saved to be available if required.

  • 7.
    Björnfot, Anders
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Structural and Construction Engineering.
    Stehn, Lars
    A design structural matrix approach displaying structural and assembly requirements in construction: a timber case study2007In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 113-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A fundamental demand of construction design is human safety from structural failure. As a consequence, buildings generally tend to be structurally optimized with cost as the main target parameter. However, a cost-suboptimized structural design often leads to poor constructability decisions with subsequent waste. This paper presents initial research in the development of a design structural matrix (DSM) method able to identify constructability obstacles between structural design and assembly and thus eliminate waste. Empirical data based on a case study of long-span timber structures is used in the development and analysis of the method. The DSM was found to be a holistic tool for systematic consideration of structural design and constructability requirements by providing a standardized system view, a detailed element view, and physical and functional interactions among elements and modules. The DSM was also shown to aid in detailed design and production management through the use of simple matrix tools.

  • 8.
    Cash, Philip J.
    et al.
    Department of Management Engineering, DTU Technical University of Denmark.
    Storga, Mario
    University of Zagreb.
    Multifaceted assessment of ideation: using networks to link ideation and design activity2015In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 26, no 10-12, p. 391-415Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ideation is core to the innovation process, and has been the subject of study across a range of fields, from psychology to engineering. However, despite substantial progress in outcome-based descriptions of idea generation, research has often resulted in more questions than answers. For example, open questions remain with respect to the differences in behaviour related to ideation between novices and experts, the change in rates of ideation over time in different design teams, and the changing role of ideation from conceptual to detailed design. In each of these cases, robust explanation has proved elusive due to difficulties in characterising the ideation process itself. This paper discusses a major new approach for elucidating ideation and its related design processes through direct observation. A novel network visualisation approach is demonstrated in practice for the first time. This uses network analysis to link ideas dynamically to both the engineering context and the wider design process. This linking analysis gives a substantial new insight into what drives ideation and how previously inscrutable results can potentially be explained by linking ideation into other design processes.

  • 9.
    Cronemyr, P.
    et al.
    ALSTOM Power, SE-612 82 Finspong, Sweden.
    Ohrwall, Ronnback A.
    Eppinger, S.D.
    Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
    A decision support tool for predicting the impact of development process improvements2001In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 177-199Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a method for simulating the impact of improvements to the engineering design process. The method can be used by managers and teams to prioritize the most valuable process improvements among several suggested ones, before they actually take place. The method is based on the design structure matrix (DSM) developed by Steward (1981), and an extension of DSM called the work transformation model developed by Smith and Eppinger (1997). We introduce two new concepts, total process time and simulated to-be/as-is ratio. Two applications are presented. The first, a gas turbine blade development process, illustrates the estimated gain of a process improvement, and evaluates the actual implementation. The second application, a buyer-supplier product development project, shows how the method could be used as a decision support tool in an inter-organizational context. Input to the process simulation comes from process descriptions and estimates of anticipated effects of process change at the activity level. Output shows the effect of such a change on a total process level.

  • 10.
    Dagman, Andreas
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Söderberg, Rikard
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Lindkvist, Lars
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Split-line design for given geometry and location schemes2007In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 373-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The spatial relations between parts in an assembly can be critical for the functional and aesthetic quality of a product. In the case of the automobile, these relations can be between doors, fenders, hood, panels, and so on. Variation in these relations, caused by part and assembly variation, influences the output variation, which is what the customer sees and judges. This paper presents a computer-aided tolerancing tool that supports and improves split-line design with respect to geometrical variation. A split-line is the relation between two mating parts over a distance. The design and placement of a split-line in an automobile body are influenced by several aspects such as design language, geometrical dimensioning, crash safety, and so on. In this paper only the geometrical dimensioning aspects have been considered. The research has been carried out using simulations and analyses in a computer-aided tolerancing software. The tool presented describes a way to calculate and visualize the geometrically most robust area and split-line between two parts. The findings from the research show that it is difficult to calculate and visualize the result in flush and gap directions in the same way. The tool gives insight into how the configuration of the locating schemes influences the geometrical robustness of the design.

  • 11.
    Derelöv, Micael
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Assembly technology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Identification of Potential Failure: On Evaluation of ConceptualDesign2009In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    ldentifying and attending to faults and shortcomings in the design before it reaches the market is crucial in order to achieve a profitable product. Letting the customer detect the shortcomings in the design is not an acceptable approach today, and will inevitably lead to unsatisfied costumers. Activities aimed at identifying faults in the product may becarried out during the entire design process, but faults identified late in the design process will require more resources to put right, and may affect the performance negatively to a higher degree than faults identified upstream in the process. This article aims to develop the theory and methodology regarding identification of potential failures in a system upstream from the design process. The result presented in this article comprises a method for modelling failuresand a process for identirying potential failures in conceptual solutions. The result is based onqualitative system modelling, where the known physical phenomena are compared to the system in order to evaluate the potential of different behaviour occurring. The effects the behaviour emits determine its impact on the system, and thus the potential for a failure. The article concludes with a comprehensive example demonstrating, and to some extend verirying, the method of identifying potential failures.

  • 12.
    Derelöv, Micael
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Assembly technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Qualitative Modelling of Potential Failure: On Evaluation ofConceptual Design2008In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 19, no 3, p. 201-225Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Decisions made during the conceptual phase of the design process are crucial for long-term economic success. The correction of late-identified failure is often both difficult and time consuming, and may have a negative effect on performance. In the prevalent design methodologies, there are shortages concerning systematic and objective methods to evaluate solutions with respect to weak spots and errors, especially early in the design process. The objective of this article is to strengthen the evaluation methodology by examining the possibilities to identify potential problems within conceptual solutions, and to develop a means that facilitates the evaluation regarding this matter. The results presented in this article may be divided into two parts: a descriptive part where a generic approach of modelling the failure behaviour is proposed and a prescriptive part where a foundation of a methodology for identification of potential failure is outlined.

  • 13.
    Elgh, Fredrik
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Mechanical Engineering. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Computer Supported Engineering Design.
    Cederfeldt, Mikael
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Mechanical Engineering. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH. Research area Computer Supported Engineering Design.
    Cost-based Producibility Assessment: Analysis and Synthesis Approaches through Design Automation2008In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 113-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The demand on high levels of reliability and accuracy of cost estimation increases in a competitive environment and as the products are getting more optimised. When different courses of action are to be evaluated, changes in customer requirements, design features and parameters, and production properties have to be handled with caution. Even small changes can imply: low level of conformability with the production system, highly increased cost, and extended manufacturing lead-time. It is of paramount importance for the product success and the company’s profit that a system for automated producibility assessment is sensitive and can reflect these effects. Two central tasks in the development of such a system are the definition of a cost model and the modelling of producibility rules. Each organisation is very different and therefore has to define their individual cost model and set of producibility rules. This work presents an approach that provides a framework for the development of company specific automated producibility estimation systems. Further, the concepts of analysis driven and synthesis driven producibility estimations are described and some examples of their use are given.

  • 14. Eres, Murat Hakki
    et al.
    Bertoni, Marco
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Kossman, Mario
    Scanlan, James
    Mapping customer needs to engineering characteristics: an aerospace perspective for conceptual design2014In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 25, no 1-3, p. 64-87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Designing complex engineering systems, such as an aircraft or an aero-engine, is immensely challenging. Formal systems engineering practices are widely used in the aerospace industry throughout the overall design process to minimise the overall design effort, corrective re-work, and ultimately overall development and manufacturing costs. Incorporating the needs and requirements from customers and other stakeholders into the conceptual and early design process is vital for the success and viability of any development programme. This paper presents a formal methodology, the value-driven design (VDD) methodology that has been developed for collaborative and iterative use in the extended enterprise (EE) within the aerospace industry, and that has been applied using the concept design analysis (CODA) method to map captured customer needs into engineering characteristics and to model an overall ‘design merit’ metric to be used in design assessments, sensitivity analyses, and engineering design optimisation studies. Two different case studies with increasing complexity are presented to elucidate the application areas of the CODA method in the context of the VDD methodology for the EE within the aerospace sector.

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  • 15.
    Fellini, Ryan
    et al.
    University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    Kokkolaras, Michael
    Papalambros, Panos Y,
    University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    Quantitative platform selection in optimal design of product families, with application to automotive engine design2006In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 17, no 5, p. 429-446Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product variants with similar architecture but different functional requirements may have common parts. We define a product family to be a set of such products, and refer to the set of common parts as the product platform. Product platforms enable rapid adjustment to changing market needs while keeping development costs and time-cycles low. In many cases, however, the individual product requirements are conflicting when designing a product family. The designer must balance the tradeoff between maximizing commonality and minimizing individual product performance deviations. The design challenge is to select the product platform that will generate family designs with minimum deviation from individual optima. We propose a methodology that combines two previous approaches developed for making commonality decisions. In the first approach optimal values and sensitivity information from the individually optimized variants are used to indicate components that are probable candidates for sharing. In the second approach a relaxed combinatorial problem is formulated to maximize sharing among variants subject to bounds on performance reduction for the individually optimized values. In the combined methodology the first approach is used to identify an initial set of shared components and define the candidate platform to be considered by the second approach. The computational load is reduced significantly and the platform-selection problem is solved in a more robust manner. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on the design of an automotive engine family.

  • 16.
    Hoffenson, Steven
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, University of Michigan.
    Dagman, Andreas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Söderberg, Rikard
    Department of Product and Production Development, Chalmers University of Technology, Institutionen för produkt- och produktionsutveckling, produktutveckling.
    Tolerance optimisation considering economic and environmental sustainability2014In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 25, no 10-12, p. 367-390Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the development of new product and production solutions, and the eco-design movement stresses the importance of environmental considerations in all design phases and activities. One such design activity in the embodiment design phase of product development is the specification of dimensional tolerances, where designers seek to ensure high functionality at low costs. A traditional approach to this decision-making process is to minimise economic losses to the manufacturer and the consumer through a process known as tolerance optimisation. This paper presents a new approach for tolerance optimisation that considers sustainability not only in the context of economic costs but also environmental impacts, which are shown to be significantly affected by manufacturing and product quality. This new framework is formulated as a bi-objective optimisation problem to minimise economic and environmental costs, and important modelling considerations for these two types of costs are outlined and discussed. The proposed approach is explored using two example cases of design assemblies, which demonstrate the trade-offs between economic and environmental design objectives as a result of tolerances and other quality-related design decisions.

  • 17. Hovmark, S
    et al.
    Norell Bergendahl, Margareta
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    The GAPT model: Four approaches to the application of design tools1994In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Isaksson, Ola
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Keski-Seppälä, Sven
    Kungliga tekniska högskolan, KTH.
    Eppinger, Steven D.
    MIT, Sloan School of Management.
    Evaluation of design process alternatives using signal flow graphs2000In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 11, no 3, p. 211-224Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The introduction of new design activities into an established product development process may involve more work in the initial stages of development, yet this extra effort may reduce the need for more expensive and time-consuming redesign activities later in the project. Wehave studied a case where more intensive use of computational simulations in the early design phase means that fewer hardware tests are needed because the designs can be analytically evaluated in advance of physical testing. Total development lead time and cost can thus be significantly reduced. This paper addresses how to evaluate alternative design strategies and methods with respect to their impact on the development process time. This is achieved by analysing the design process using signal flow graphs. The technique has been applied to jet engine component development projects at Volvo Aero Corporation in Sweden. We have found that evaluating alternative processes using signal flow graphs not only is helpful to assess the effect of introduction of new or improved design activities on the development process, but also is a means to facilitate the discussion of process improvement alternatives and trade-offs for an organization.

  • 19. Isaksson, Ola
    et al.
    Larsson, Tobias C.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design.
    Rönnbäck, Anna Öhrwall
    Linköping University.
    Development of product-service systems: challenges and opportunities for the manufacturing firm2009In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 329-348Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product-Service Systems (PSS) raise interesting opportunities for the manufacturing firm as the function is provided to meet customer needs rather than the physical hardware itself. PSS offerings based on the manufacturer's knowledge about the product and the technology can increase its status as problem-solver and solution-provider, reduce life cycle cost and produce high revenue. However, PSS including, e.g. hardware, services, software and electronics are efficient and competitive only if developed for the specific purpose with features such as easy to maintain, upgradeable, with built-in sensors for collecting in-use and service data, and easy to use. This changes the requirements on the manufacturing firm's development process. Looking back historically, the last century gives an interesting changing landscape of the rationale for the product-development methods used in manufacturing firms. This article, based on the previous research in the product- and service-development fields, and on empirical results from studies at several manufacturing firms, looks into how the engineering work is affected by PSS and how it can be enhanced for PSS, especially in terms of required competencies and other capabilities. It results in recommendations for a new, functional product-development process.

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  • 20.
    Isaksson, Ola
    et al.
    Volvo Aero Corporation , Trollhättan, Sweden and Division of Functional Product Development, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden.
    Larsson, Tobias C
    Division of Functional Product Development, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Industrial Economics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Development of product-service systems: challenges and opportunities for the manufacturing firm2009In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 329-348Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product-Service Systems (PSS) raise interesting opportunities for the manufacturing firm as the function is provided to meet customer needs rather than the physical hardware itself. PSS offerings based on the manufacturers knowledge about the product and the technology can increase its status as problem-solver and solution-provider, reduce life cycle cost and produce high revenue. However, PSS including, e.g. hardware, services, software and electronics are efficient and competitive only if developed for the specific purpose with features such as easy to maintain, upgradeable, with built-in sensors for collecting in-use and service data, and easy to use. This changes the requirements on the manufacturing firms development process. Looking back historically, the last century gives an interesting changing landscape of the rationale for the product-development methods used in manufacturing firms. This article, based on the previous research in the product- and service-development fields, and on empirical results from studies at several manufacturing firms, looks into how the engineering work is affected by PSS and how it can be enhanced for PSS, especially in terms of required competencies and other capabilities. It results in recommendations for a new, functional product-development process.

  • 21. Isaksson, Ola
    et al.
    Larsson, Tobias
    Division of Functional Product Development, Luleå University of Technolog.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna
    Development of product-service systems - challenges and opportunities for the manufacturing firm2009In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, ISSN 0954-4828, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 329-348Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Product-Service Systems (PSS) raise interesting opportunities for the manufacturing firm as the <em>function</em> is provided to meet customer needs rather than the physical hardware itself. PSS offerings based on the manufacturer's knowledge about the product and the technology can increase its status as problem-solver and solution-provider, reduce life cycle cost and produce high revenue. However, PSS including, e.g. hardware, services, software and electronics are efficient and competitive only if developed for the specific purpose with features such as easy to maintain, upgradeable, with built-in sensors for collecting in-use and service data, and easy to use. This changes the requirements on the manufacturing firm's development process. Looking back historically, the last century gives an interesting changing landscape of the rationale for the product-development methods used in manufacturing firms. This article, based on the previous research in the product- and service-development fields, and on empirical results from studies at several manufacturing firms, looks into how the engineering work is affected by PSS and how it can be enhanced for PSS, especially in terms of required competencies and other capabilities. It results in recommendations for a new, functional product-development process.

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  • 22.
    Lindwall, Angelica
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Dordlofva, Christo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology. Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University och Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
    Törlind, Peter
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Humans and Technology.
    Innovation in a box: exploring creativity in design for additive manufacturing in a regulated industry2022In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 33, no 8-9, p. 567-586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive Manufacturing (AM) is often considered to increase opportunities for creativity in design compared to traditional manufacturing methods. At the same time, it is suggested that regulated work can have a negative effect on engineers’ creative abilities, which are linked to three components of creativity (expertise, motivation, and creative thinking skills). Due to the ‘newness’ of AM, engineers need to broaden their expertise to fully exploit their creative potential while using AM. Previous research has presented support tools to assist engineers to understand the complexity of AM. A majority of such studies focus on novice engineers, rather than providing an understanding of how AM is involved in industrial practices. This paper follows three case studies from the space industry, a regulated industry, that aims to re-design a product for AM over a 21-month time period. The purpose is to explore how restrictions affect engineers’ opportunities to build AM expertise for creativity in a regulated industry. Results show the importance that case-specific aspects have on an engineer’s learning path for adopting AM. Engineers find themselves in a complex situation, with a conflict between being ‘safe’ or innovative, where innovation within such regulated industries is often compared to innovating ‘in a box’.

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  • 23.
    López-Mesa, Belinda
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
    Mulet, Elena
    Universitat Jaume I, Castellon.
    Vidal, Rosario
    Universitat Jaume I, Castellon.
    Thompson, Graham
    University of Manchester.
    Effects of additional stimuli on idea-finding in design teams2011In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 31-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studying the effects of idea-finding design methods experimentally can provide some light into their degree of usability. An experiment was carried out to study the effects that different stimuli proposed in idea-finding methods have on the design process and outcomes of four design teams, and to compare these effects with those produced by the problem-solving characteristic of the team members. Protocol analysis and outcome-based analysis were carried out. The results of the analysis show that stimuli can have a greater effect on the design activity than the influence of the designers' problem-solving styles in the conditions of the experiment. Stimulus with SCAMPER questions favours refinement of solutions, by using a solution as a frame and the questions as sub-frames. Stimulus with images (related in shape and function with the designed object, and displayed in intervals of time) leads teams to be in a continuous flux of generation of partial solutions.

  • 24.
    López-Mesa, Belinda
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Thompson, G.
    University of Manchester.
    On the significance of cognitive style and the selection of appropriate design methods2006In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 371-386Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper considers the role of the person, process (including methods), product and design climate (press) to achieve effective, appropriate design solutions. It is insufficient to recruit ‘good' people; other attributes including their problem-solving style are also important to achieve competitive design solutions. It is important that engineering design methods are selected correctly by designers in industry, otherwise inappropriate or invalid results may be obtained. This paper reports the experiences of engineers in industry who use design methods and the problems they encountered. The concept of problem-solving style is then explored as a principle on which to base method selection in order to match the solution generation characteristics of the methods with the desired solution requirement characteristics. Finally, a brief comment is made on the elements that make for a creative design environment.

  • 25.
    Ottosson, S.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Dynamic product development: Findings from participating action research in a fast new product development process1996In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 151-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article brings hands-on knowledge from the integrated development process of a new advanced product that had to be launched on to the market in an extremely short time. Quick, effective development was accomplished through product reviewing or benchmarking, user and subcontractor involvement, dynamic and parallel activities, active, motivating leadership and consensus among those involved. The development process proved to be a winding journey with many problems to be overcome in a flexible and innovative way. No breaks were allowed and formal board meetings, stage-gate and other bureaucratic systems were avoided. Thorough cash-flow analyses were continuously carried out. The hectic pace created problems for and tension in the company seen from both short and long perspectives. Theoretical models of integrated product development did not match well to reality which is why the new concept, dynamic product development, is launched here. The article is based on participating action research.

  • 26.
    Ottosson, S.
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Qualified product concept design needs a proper combination of pencil-aided design and model-aided design before product data management1998In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 107-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Working with computer-aided design (CAD) tools is not the optimal way of working during the initial stages of new product development, re-engineering product development or production tool development. This is due to the fact that CAD programs force engineers to build the products up from exactly defined details and not from the totality of the concept down to the details. To save time and money malting creative products the engineers instead should gradually proceed from greater roughness in dimensions and shape towards smaller tolerances and well-defined surfaces as the end result captured in product data management (PDM) format. An ideal engineering pathway from project start to production-ready product is rough sketching (pencil-aided design-PAD), rough physical modeling (model aided design-MAD) before different computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools are finally used.

  • 27.
    Ottosson, Stig
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Virtual reality in the product development process2002In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 159-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of virtual reality (VR) in the product development process was discussed. It was found that using VR technology, prototypes and products were tested 'virtually' before final verification with physical prototypes. The analysis suggested to perform brain-aided design and pencil-aided design followed by model-aided design (MAD) before VR was used.

  • 28.
    Sandberg, Stefan
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics.
    Lundin, Michael
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Näsström, Mats
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
    Lindgren, Lars-Erik
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Mechanics of Solid Materials.
    Berglund, Daniel
    Gestamp Hardtech AB, Luleå.
    Supporting engineering decisions through contextual, model-oriented communication and knowledge-based engineering in simulation driven product development: an automotive case study2013In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 45-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Modern manufacturers rely increasingly on overlapping activities and frequent, bilateral exchange of preliminary information, adding to the complexity of information exchange and general reuse. The approach presented in this paper relies on a reuse process, embedded in the design environment already used, to avoid disrupting the design process and to increase the foundation upon which decisions are made. The proposed approach relies on Knowledge Based Extensions to commercial CAE systems and 3D CAE models to enable and ensure Simulation Driven Design capabilities and contextual communication within the early stages of product development. The approach has been shown to increase the simulation-driven capabilities in a business-to-business scenario, and in extension, increase the foundation upon which decisions are made and the likelihood of reaching a feasible and optimal final design. In conclusion, a simulation-driven design approach to product development has to be more than enabled to truly make a difference in the development process. Investigation and evaluations show that supporting tools and relevant information must be made readily available, intuitive, integrated into the environment where they are needed and, ultimately, be perceived as a natural part of daily development in order for them to be accepted and used.

  • 29. Thevenot, Henri
    et al.
    Simpson, Timothy
    Jiao, Roger
    Kenger, Patrick
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Mechanical Engineering.
    Product platforming for a global marketplace2008In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 19, no 6, p. 461-463Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Wlazlak, Paraskeva
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Industrial Product Development, Production and Design. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Supply Chain and Operations Management.
    Eriksson, Yvonne
    School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Johansson, Glenn
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Supply Chain and Operations Management. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Industrial Product Development, Production and Design. School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Ahlin, Peter
    Husqvarna AB, Huskvarna, Sweden.
    Visual representations for communication in geographically distributed new product development projects2019In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 30, no 8-9, p. 385-403Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study addresses the role of visual representations in supporting communication between an R&D team and geographically distributed suppliers for a new product development (NPD) project. It specifically focuses on the design and use of visual representations as a feasible way for communication between the distributed actors when they face communication challenges originating from differences in skills in the English language, but also from differences in work experiences. Relying on empirical materials from a Swedish manufacturing company in the mechanical engineering industry, this paper makes the following contributions to the literature. First, it shows that visual representations are effective boundary objects able to support process-oriented and product-oriented communication in distributed NPD projects. Second, it illustrates that visual representations do not necessarily have to follow graphic design principles, but can still be effective if distributed actors share the same project context. Finally, it highlights the need for a dynamic and context-dependent perspective on communication in NPD projects. 

  • 31.
    Wlazlak, Paraskeva
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Yvonne
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation.
    Johansson, Glenn
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation.
    Peter, Ahlin
    Husqvarna AB, Sweden.
    Visual representations for communication in geographicallydistributed new product development projects2019In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, ISSN 0954-4828, Vol. 30, no 8/9, p. 385-403Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study addresses the role of visual representations in supporting communication between an R&D team and geographically distributed suppliers for a new product development (NPD) project. Itspecifically focuses on the design and use of visual representationsas a feasible way for communication between the distributed actorswhen they face communication challenges originating from differences in skills in the English language, but also from differences inwork experiences. Relying on empirical materials from a Swedishmanufacturing company in the mechanical engineering industry,this paper makes the following contributions to the literature. First,it shows that visual representations are effective boundary objectsable to support process-oriented and product-oriented communication in distributed NPD projects. Second, it illustrates that visualrepresentations do not necessarily have to follow graphic designprinciples, but can still be effective if distributed actors share thesame project context. Finally, it highlights the need for a dynamic andcontext-dependent perspective on communication in NPD projects.

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  • 32.
    Ölvander, Johan
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design .
    Robustness considerations in multi-objective optimal design2005In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 16, no 5, p. 511-523Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In real-world engineering design problems we have to search for solutions that simultaneously optimize a wide range of different criteria. Furthermore, the optimal solutions also have to be robust. Therefore, this paper presents a method where a multi-objective genetic algorithm is combined with response surface methods in order to assess the robustness of the identified optimal solutions. The design example is two different concepts of hydraulic actuation systems, which have been modelled in a simulation environment to which an optimization algorithm has been coupled. The outcome from the optimization is a set of Pareto optimal solutions that elucidate the trade-off between energy consumption and control error for each system. Based on these Pareto fronts, promising regions could be identified for each concept. In these regions, sensitivity analyses are performed and thus it can be determined how different design parameters affect the system at different optimal solutions.

  • 33.
    Škec, Stanko
    et al.
    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
    Cash, Philip
    Department of Management Engineering, Technology Innovation Management, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
    Štorga, Mario
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Innovation and Design. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineeirng and Naval Architecture.
    A dynamic approach to real-time performance measurement in design projects2017In: Journal of engineering design (Print), ISSN 0954-4828, E-ISSN 1466-1837, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 255-286Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent developments in engineering design management point to the need for more dynamic, fine-grain measurement approaches able to deal with multi-dimensional, cross-level process performance in product design. Thus, this paper proposes a new approach to the measurement and management of individual and teamwork performance in engineering design projects. This integrates multiple, previously disparate, aspects of design management and performance measurement theory in a single framework. Further, a fully realised performance measurement approach is developed, which complements existing management strategies. This framework is synthesised from an extensive review and illustrated via an in-depth case study. As such, this work contributes to performance measurement theory in engineering design and has significant implications for both engineering design research and industry.

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