The arrival of AI and machine learning in the archiving world implies a reconceptualization of archival institutions from consisting of archives as records to be read towards archives as data to be mined. This thesis aims to survey and analyse the arrival of AI and machine learning within the Swedish archival sector.

Through the analyses of four archival institutions and semi-structured interviews with archive professionals, this study illuminates the current state of AI in the Swedish archival sector, opportunities and obstacles of AI implementations, and the impact of AI on the Swedish archival profession. Swedish archival institutions have interest in and expectations of AI implementation. Yet, the current level of AI implementation is generally on experimental instead of an operational level. The findings show that collaboration and knowledge exchange are key drivers to accelerate the implementation of AI in the archival sector. The study concludes with practical rec-ommendations for archival institutions and archive professionals.

Inom bild- och bildkonstämnet har sparsamhet och återvinning ständigt varit en grundläggande del. På grund av de globala klimatfrågorna har hållbar utveckling blivit aktuellt inom alla livsområden, utbildningsnivåer och läroämnen. Denna studie fokuserar på värdet av bild- och bildkonstutbildning som ett komplext verktyg för att lyfta fram hållbar utveckling och dess miljöaspekter. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka möjligheter två bild- och bildkonstlärare, från Sverige och Finland, ser på ämnet i relation till miljöundervisning. Studien fokuserar på två lärares uppfattningar om bild- och bildkonstämnets möjligheter samt de värderingar som styr urvalet för innehållet. Resultatet visar att ämnet bild- och bildkonst har många olika möjligheter när det gäller undervisning inom hållbarhet som ett verktyg för att få fram de nya perspektiv som konst kan erbjuda. Avslutningsvis visade studien att lärares intresse för miljöfrågor ger dem mer inspiration, dock påverkar detta inte direkt innehållet i undervisningen.

This study aims to research the implications of Afro-Swedish women's relationship with their hair and how it pertains to their view of femininity and beauty. Four one-on-one semi-structured interviews with Afro-Swedish women were conducted to collect relevant material. During these interviews, the women shared their relationship with their hair, experiences relating to their hair in Sweden, and how and if it has affected their perception of their beauty and level of femininity.

The findings of this study demonstrate that Afro-Swedish women relate femininity to hair that is associated with whiteness, which means hair that is smoother and straighter but also longer than the afro-textured hair associated with black people. The results showed how representations of black women in relation to beauty and femininity were seen as limited by the informants, as those were rarely there to begin with and/or only inclusive of lighter-skinned black women with wigs, weaves, straightened or relaxed hair. All the informants shared experiences of their hair being touched, with or without consent. Through comparison to earlier research, it was found that the experiences and opinions of these Afro-Swedishwomen were more similar than different to black women from the USA for example.

To conclude, this study disproves the notion of Swedish exceptionalism in relation to the racialization and discrimination of afro-textured hair, as well as the not so colorblind representations of beauty and femininity. These results also show that there is a vast amount of information concerning the lived experiences of Afro-Swedish women, relating to hair and other themes, to be uncovered by researchers in gender studies.

The article reflects, in a critical mode, on the cultural basis of modern Sudanese visual art as perceived by Zein Alabdin, the late Sudanese art historian.

Domestic work and care tasks have historically been assigned to women and have never been considered as real work, as they happen within the private scene of the home in both its forms, salaried and unpaid. Due to this conception, dating back from the servitude and slavery systems of the colonial era, and rooted in the patriarchal structure of societies, domestic workers have struggled, and still struggle today in many countries to see their rights recognised. They face stigma and lack an institutional back up. In this sphere, Uruguay sets an example, with one of the most advanced legislations on domestic work in the world after a tripartite negotiation that happened in 2006 between representatives of domestic workers and employers as well as the mediation of the executive power. This research aims to see how the change in legislation changed domestic workers lives and what impact these changes had in the social shared thought. It also looks at the collective identity building of domestic workers in Uruguay through the conduction of interviews with members of the domestic workers’ union, the SUTD. Did the legislative change bring about a cultural change? What lessons can we learn from the Uruguayan case?

This study has aimed to examine how Världsnaturfonden WWF communicates trust in various communication channels. We also wanted to see if there are any differences in the different channels on how WWF communicates trust. It is a qualitative study that uses critical rhetoric analysis as method. We choose to analyze the communication channels sponsored facebookposts, personalized letters and two sites from WWF:s website. The empirical data has been analyzed with the aid of theories of strategic communication, non-profit organizations, rhetoric and media specificity. The results show that WWF uses various communication strategies to communicate trust in all of the examined channels. The most important aspects of trust is communicated through presenting what WWF:s collected money has contributed to, that the organization appears to be knowledgeable and engaged in the various areas they work for. In all of the channels we have examined, we have also seen that WWF uses a personal address to the reader. In the sponsored facebookposts and in the personalized letters, we find that WWF communicates more trust than on the website by using more emotions. WWF express more gratitude for donors and more concern for the various animals and the environment affected. Other differences we have seen between the channels are that they differ in how they are designed, but these differences are mainly due to different norms relating to the specific channels. This study has contributed with knowledge of how a non-profit organization such as WWF rhetorically communicates trust to different target groups through different communication channels. This study has also contributed to knowledge of the differences and similarities regarding how WWF communicates trust through the three different communication channels.

Utifrån tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv och metoder, hämtade från etnologin och kulturgeografin, och med en empirisk utgångspunkt i tre kulturmiljöer som förvaltas av Statens fastighetsverk (SFV) i Sverige, analyserar artikeln historiebruk i form av kulturarvsproduktion och föreslår ett applicerbart normkritiskt samt i förlängningen normkreativt angreppssätt för att möjliggöra alternativa, varierade och mer inkluderande historieskildringar kring kulturmiljöer. Genom att utveckla och integrera dessa synsätt och verktyg vill artikeln argumentera för att man får tillgång till nya berättelser om platsen; berättelser som går utöver den traditionella, „normala“ historien om staten, enskilda byggnaders materiella utformning och den sociokulturella och ekonomiska eliten. En långsiktig effekt blir att det möjliggör ökad mångfald och inkludering både i fråga om förmedling och representation av platser som komplexa rumsliga och sociokulturella helheter.

Utifrån tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv och metoder, hämtade från etnologin och kulturgeografin, och med en empirisk utgångspunkt i tre kulturmiljöer som förvaltas av Statens fastighetsverk (SFV) i Sverige, analyserar artikeln historiebruk i form av kulturarvsproduktion och föreslår ett applicerbart normkritiskt samt i förlängningen normkreativt angreppssätt för att möjliggöra alternativa, varierade och mer inkluderande historieskildringar kring kulturmiljöer. Genom att utveckla och integrera dessa synsätt och verktyg vill artikeln argumentera för att man får tillgång till nya berättelser om platsen; berättelser som går utöver den traditionella, „normala“ historien om staten, enskilda byggnaders materiella utformning och den sociokulturella och ekonomiska eliten. En långsiktig effekt blir att det möjliggör ökad mångfald och inkludering både i fråga om förmedling och representation av platser som komplexa rumsliga och sociokulturella helheter.

The fields of music, health, and technology have seen significant interactions in recent years in developing music technology for health care and well-being. In an effort to strengthen the collaboration between the involved disciplines, the workshop “Music, Computing, and Health” was held to discuss best practices and state-of-the-art at the intersection of these areas with researchers from music psychology and neuroscience, music therapy, music information retrieval, music technology, medical technology (medtech), and robotics. Following the discussions at the workshop, this article provides an overview of the different methods of the involved disciplines and their potential contributions to developing music technology for health and well-being. Furthermore, the article summarizes the state of the art in music technology that can be applied in various health scenarios and provides a perspective on challenges and opportunities for developing music technology that (1) supports person-centered care and evidence-based treatments, and (2) contributes to developing standardized, large-scale research on music-based interventions in an interdisciplinary manner. The article provides a resource for those seeking to engage in interdisciplinary research using music-based computational methods to develop technology for health care, and aims to inspire future research directions by evaluating the state of the art with respect to the challenges facing each field.

In this article we approach a case of intersemiotic translation as a paradigmatic example of Boden’s ‘transformational creativity’ category. To develop our argument, we consider Boden’s fundamental notion of ‘conceptual space’ as a regular pattern of semiotic action, or ‘habit’ (sensu Peirce). We exemplify with Gertrude Stein’s intersemiotic translation of Cézanne and Picasso’s proto-cubist and cubist paintings. The results of Stein’s IT transform the conceptual space of modern literature, constraining it towards new patterns of semiosis. Our association of Boden’s framework to describe a cognitive creative phenomenon with a philosophically robust theory of meaning results in a cognitive semiotic account of IT.

The mathematical study of genealogies has yielded important insights in population biology, such as the ability to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of genetic sequences or of a group of individuals. Here we introduce a model of cultural genealogies that is a step toward answering similar questions for cultural traits. In our model individuals can inherit from a variable, potentially large number of ancestors, rather than from a fixed, small number of ancestors (one or two) as is typical of genetic evolution. We first show that, given a sample of individuals, a cultural common ancestor does not necessarily exist. We then introduce a related concept: the most recent unique ancestor (MRUA), i.e., the most recent single individual who is the earliest cultural ancestor of the sample. We show that, under neutral evolution, the time to the MRUA can be staggeringly larger than the time to MRCA in a single ancestor model, except when the average number of learning opportunities per individuals is small. Our results point out that the properties of cultural genealogies may be very different from those of genetic genealogies, with potential implications for reconstructing the histories of cultural traits.

För de gamla fängelsebyggnaderna och deras bevarande finns ett stort allmänt intresse, som bl a kommit i dagen genom de lokala debatter som uppstår vid nedläggning och rivningshot. Riksantikvarieämbetets inventering av äldre kriminalvårds­anstalter, påbörjad vintern 1984/85, har uppmärksammats i massmedia: i riksradions "Vetandets värld", lokalradio och dagspress; tidskriften Byggnadskultur nr 1/87 är ett tema­nummer om fängelser. Inom kriminalvårdsorganisationen finns ett uttalat intresse för de historiska aspekterna på äm­net. Om arbetet med inventering av denna speciella kategori byggnader skriver här Nils Ahlberg, byggnadsinventerare vid byggnadsavdelningen. 

League of Legends (Riot Games, 2009) and Valorant (Riot Games, 2020) are both team-based competitive multiplayer games that do not feature any form of story-based game mode, but both feature a large cast of fleshed-out playable characters, each with their own design, backstory, and set of abilities. This study focuses on comparing both games’ approaches to characterization to understand how they incorporate elements of characterization in theircharacter design. This was done with the hope of informing future developers of multiplayer hero games, as well as identifying similarities in their character design despite how different both games are. This study compared two sets of two characters, one from each game, which featured similarities with each other. These similarities served as this study’s starting point to analyze, and then compare both games’ approach to characterization. Many similarities were found between both games in their approach to characterization, despite their core gameplay differences. But it also found many differences, both gameplay-dependent, and dependent on other factors.

Is literary experience of any practical relevance to the clinician? This is the overall question addressed by this investigation, which starts by tracing the historical roots of scientific medicine. These are found to be intimately linked to a form of rationality associated with the scientific revolution of the 17th century and with “modernity”. Medical practice, however, is dependent also on another form of rationality associated with what Stephen Toulmin calls “the epistemology of the biographical”. The very core of clinical medicine is shown to be the clinical encounter, an interpretive meeting where the illness experience is at the centre of attention. The physician can reach the goals of medicine only by developing clinical judgement. Clinical judgement is subjected to close analysis and is assumed to be intimately connected to the form of knowledge Aristotle called phronesis.

In order to explore how literature – drama, novels, poetry – may be related to clinical judgement, a view of literature is presented that emphasizes literature as an invitation to the reader, to be met responsibly and responsively. Literature carries a potential for a widened experience, for a more nuanced perception of reality – and this potential is suggested to be ethically relevant to the practice of medicine. The “narrative rationality” of a literary text constitutes a complement to the rationality pervading scientific medicine.

The final step in my analysis is a closer exploration of the potential of the literary text to contribute to the growth of clinical judgement, in relation to the challenges of everyday clinical work. Some of the conditions that may facilitate such growth are outlined, but it is also shown that full empirical evidence for the beneficial effects of reading on the clinician reader is beyond reach.

Bakgrund: ett följeprojekt

Tre svenska museiorganisationer - Malmö museer, Göteborgs stadsmuseum och Tekniska museet - ingick 2018 en överenskommelse om att under tre år dela erfarenheter och lära av varandra i sitt utforskande av Tingens metod. Riksantikvarieämbetet följde deras arbete som ett särskilt projekt under det första året. Tanken var att samla mer kunskap om Tingens metod genom att ta del av de tre museernas erfarenheter och reflektioner för att sedan eventuellt sprida information om metoden vidare. Det som intresserade mig och andra kollegor som arbetar med museifrågor på Riksantikvarieämbetet var kombinationen av öppenhet och inkludering i relation till museernas kärnverksamheter forskning, bevarande och förmedling. I Riksantikvarieämbetets uppdrag ingår uppgiften att främja utveckling och samarbete på museiområdet. Kunde tingens metod vara ett stöd i en tid då museernas roll som kunskapsinstitutioner förändras och ifrågasätts? [...]

Sustainability and cultural heritage are both wide fields affecting people in the past, presence and future, on both local and global levels. Since they affect so many people it is difficult for the individual to make a change, instead working together is key. One way to work together is cooperation but how does one find projects/organisations/etc, to connect and collaborate with? Perhaps by using a form of collaboration platform? LAB190 is a just that, a collaboration platform meaning it is a non-physical tool for actors to use when reaching out to find others to either exchange ideas or trade services with. LAB190 focuses on an area surrounding a 70 km long road (road 190), reaching over four municipalities, Gothenburg, Lerum, Alingsås and Essunga. Involved actors vary from locals, pushing for changes they desire in the area, to officials in charge of possible changes. The goal of LAB190 is to make the territory around road 190 into an model area for sustainable development. To reach that goal three work groups has been created; Food (Green industries), Tourism (hospitality industry) and Infrastructure. The idea with the work-groups is to find projects and/or activities, relating to the field of focus for the work group. For example, the Tourism-group focuses on projects/ activities relating to the development of tourism. After reviewing LAB190 using the pilot-study, development plans and interviewing people involved, a conclusion was made. The physical area of LAB190, the landscape reaching out from road 190, is big and hard to manage single-handedly and therefore a collaboration platform is a usable tool and something that should be considered in future plans regarding the three fields, cultural heritage, sustainability and (regional) development. It is a way to come together, exchange knowledge and face challenges, both now and in the future.

The three oldest manuscripts of Sancta Birgitta, Revelationes, were written and illuminated in Naples in the last decades of the 14th century. At the same time panel paintings depicting the saint were produced by Niccolò di Tommaso. The history of the manuscripts is discussed, the artistic work is analysed.

Denna undersökning söker ett svar på hur den relativt vana lyssnarens bedömning av ljudkvalitet påverkas av ett så kallat öppet test, där det som bedöms är känd för lyssnaren, jämfört med ett blindtest, där detta objekt är okänt. Frågan appliceras på kvalitetsbedömningen av digitala kodningstekniker, d.v.s. hur lyssnaren påverkas av att valet av kodningsteknik som avlyssnas är känd eller inte. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes ett lyssningstest med nio deltagare. Deltagarna fick betygssätta perceptuellt kodade ljudfiler mot en känd referens, både som ett blindtest samt i ett öppet test. Resultatet är mångtydigt och inga generella slutsatser för hur lyssnaren påverkas av ett öppet test jämfört med ett blindtest går att uppfatta. Resultatet visar dock att påverkan ett öppet test har på lyssnarens bedömning är högst individuell. Lyssningstest i form av blindtest bör därför användas för att uppnå pålitligast resultat. 

Since the last century, many wars and violations of Human Rights were direct reasons that set the pace to develop Human Rights laws, especially after the end of World War II and the holocausts associated with it. One of the critical Human Rights is that ‘to life’, relating to the right ‘to health’, hence the fundamental accessibility to healthcare services and products. Nonetheless, the last decades have witnessed a significant growth in pharmaceutical patents leading to increased drug prices. Overshoots in prices prohibit access to medicine. Disputes between States, pharmaceutical corporations, patients, and investors have occurred, some of which were not purely related to monetary aspects but also to Human Rights, such as the right to ‘access to medicine’. These disputes are controversial. The applicable legal regimes are patent laws (e.g., the TRIPS Agreement) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) including the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), European Social Charter, and more. However, it is up to the courts to decide on whether to consider IHRL in the legal decision process. The question turns to whether they consider the two regimes to be intersecting or independent. This thesis tackles the area of intersection between patent law and the right to ‘access to medicine’ in cases of pandemics such as inter alia HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. It investigates whether the right to ‘access to medicine’ exists as a human right by law, to jump to examine whether solutions like Compulsory Licenses (CLs) and patent exceptions are suitable. Then it answers the question whether there should be defragmentation of laws or not. The work analyzes available caselaw to seek a balance between patent laws and the human right to ‘access to medicine’ during pandemics. Caselaw shows that the conflict makes the overlap of laws confusing and in need of determining the set of relevant provisions in the applicable norms. The question on defragmentation in answered by focusing on Section 5 of the TRIPS Agreement and some provisions in IHRL instruments. The thesis proposes a defragmentation of applicable laws that aids in looking at previous solutions to reach the sought balance, and it sheds the light to give recommendations. The work finally recommends being proactive, for times of pandemics like the COVID-19 outbreak, and working on the realization of a unified and harmonized EU patent law to keep up to the objective of delivering quality vaccines/antivirals, on time, within budget, and with supporting applicable laws. 

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate from a constructivist perspective, what protective measures managers take against violence and threats for social workers. The focus will be on two occupations: Social Services and Health and Care services. Also, to compare their protective measures and investigate if there are other protective measures to improve the safety of social workers. The method that has been used is the qualitative method, because the constructivist theory is best achieved by a method that goes in-depth and searches for context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by using a strategic selection. The selection was homogenous, consisting of three managers from each occupation. The results show a constructed image made by the managers of a low rate of threats on the two occupations. The results also show similar constructed protective measures. For instance, a social worker can speak with the manager, have a personal alarm at home, or speak with a safety coordinator. Other common measures include contacting the occupational health service and handing over the matter to another employee. There is the possibility of bodyguard protection and taking a taxi from and to work in times of discomfort. Some differences are found as well, such as there are always two social workers for home visits in social services while there are only two social workers for first-time visits in Health and Care services. In conclusion, there are differences and similarities regarding the constructed protective measures employed in both occupations. Another conclusion is to develop and introduce new protective measures. There is a lack of research on how social workers experience the protective measures against violence and threats in the working places. Therefore, more research must be done on their experiences.

Denna undersökning syftar till att ta reda på vad avgångsstudenter på det fyraåriga sjökaptensprogrammet har för syn på sin egen ledarstil utifrån sina erfarenheter från sin fartygsförlagda utbildning, sin tidigare arbetslivserfarenhet och utifrån teoretiska kunskaper som de inhämtat från den ledarskapskurs som ligger i programmet. Metoden för denna undersökning är kvalitativ, med semistrukturerade intervjuer och litteraturstudier. I undersökningen intervjuades tio sjökaptensstudenter. En intervjuguide användes, som stöd för intervjuaren, vid intervjuerna. Svaren på intervjuerna analyserades utifrån teorin om tre klassiska ledarskapsstilar; auktoritär, demokratisk och passiv. Resultatet visar att sjökaptensstudenter har, utifrån sin fartygsförlagda utbildning och sin tidigare arbetslivserfarenhet, en syn på sin egen ledarstil som stämmer mest överens med en demokratisk ledarstil och delvis med en auktoritär ledarstil. Utifrån sina inhämtade teoretiska kunskaper från ledarskapskursen anser sjökaptensstudenterna att det är viktigt att situationsanpassa sitt ledarskap och att vara flexibel i sin ledarstil. Resultatet tyder på att denna flexibilitet i ledarstil ligger mellan demokratisk och auktoritär ledarstil.

Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på hur lärare använder sig av läsprojekt och litteratur i sin undervisning i grundskolans senare år. Frågeställningarna som är utgångspunkt för studien är:-Hur argumenterar lärare för användningen av litteratur i grundskolans senare år?-Vilka likheter eller skillnader mellan lärares användning av litteratur och läsprojekt finns i olika skolor?-Vilken effekt har läsprojekten, enligt lärarna, haft på eleverna?

Undersökningen innefattar 3 stycken intervjuer gjorda med fyra lärare och en bibliotekarie på skolor i Jönköpings kommun. Lärarna har svarat på frågor rörande arbetsmetoder, målbeskrivning, litteraturval och effekter rörande de läsprojekt de arbetat med. Alla lärare arbetar på liknande sätt med litteraturen i sina läsprojekt och har mål som liknar varandra. Det som mest skiljer sig åt mellan lärarna är bakgrunden till att de startat läsprojekt. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkat lärarna till att starta projekten. En av lärarna hade startat sitt projekt på grund av att hennes elever hade dåligt självförtroende och dåliga resultat i svenskan. En annan för att hon tyckte det skulle vara kul att samarbeta med någon med ett litteraturintresse. En skola hade sedan en längre tid haft läsprojektet som ett stående moment i undervisningen. Studien visar att effekterna av läsprojekten var något lärarna inte reflekterat närmare över. En av lärarna hade dock sett en skillnad i elevernas beteende och självförtroende i klassrummet. Effekterna av ett läsprojekt är dock något som kan vara svårt att mäta.

In this essay, an interdisciplinary group of researchers sets out to address the period 1780–1840 in Sweden in a new way, by placing nature at its centre. With the help of ecocritical and transcultural theory, combined with renewed attention to the Swedish fine arts, learned discourses, and practices, we suggest a new approach to these revolutionary decades. The perceived dissonance, the interplay between climatic conditions and cultural template in early modern and modern Sweden, has not been fully addressed in current research, despite the fact that the relationship between humankind and the environment is a central issue in contemporary society and scholarship. Representations of nature situate the nation, they negotiate the relationship between a sensed reality and an ideal, between human and more-than-human beings. We suggest a focus on the unpredictable space created by negotiations of nature in Swedish representations during this crucial period, and, furthermore, on the ways in which this creative space is charged with utopian possibilities in the early Anthropocene. This is the background and the driving force of the planned research project ‘Cool Nature: Utopian Landscapes in Sweden 1780–1840’.

This thesis aims to explore how illustrative storytelling can challenge the western stigma of Arab women in areas of conflict. This exploration will be done through an analysis on the history and the current visualization of Arab women in the west and a series of illustrations I will be creating that propose a narrative opposing this visualization. My study will show how the visual references used for my research have had a major effect in shaping the image of the Arab women in the west. The aim of this project is to use the same characteristics that fall under the stereotypical visualizations of Arab women to challenge the stigma of classifying these women as; the terrorist, the exotic, and/or the oppressed. The purpose of my project is to create a change in the way the western audience perceives Arab women in areas of conflict. I will therefore analyze in this essay how western media and art have shaped the collective view the west has on Arab women. Furthermore, the essay will explain how storytelling proposes a rejection to the static depiction of Arab women in western media and introduces instead an element of an evolving story. This project proposes a sustainable way of looking at gender and conflict in the Arab world provoking questions around the visualization of these women and creating discussions about the accuracy of the perception the west has created. This in turn re-contextualizes the visualization of the identity of Arab women in the west with the aim of breaking the objectification these women.

Uppsala universitet Campus Gotland producerar årligen en sammanställning av svensk forskning om vindkraft i serien Ny och pågående forskning om vindkraft i Sverige. Syftet med dessa publikationer är att intresserade ska få en lättillgänglig överblick av vad som skett under året inom vindkraftsforskningen i landet. Sammanställningen är indelad i två avsnitt. Det första är en presentation av de forskningsprogram och forskningscentra som är verksamma inom vindkraftsforskning i Sverige med fokus på deras pågående projekt. Därefter följer en ämnesindelad förteckning över publicerad forskning om vindkraft under aktuellt år vid svenska universitet, högskolor och institutioner. Där ingår vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter, doktors- och licentiatavhandlingar samt uppsatser på kandidat-, magister- och mastersnivå samt sammanfattningar med statistik och jämförelser med tidigare år.

I denna magisterstudie är bildämnet i fokus för elevers motivation vid integrationen mellanämnena bild och svenska. Studien syftar till att ge fördjupade kunskaper om hur elever iskolans yngre åldrar upplever motivation vid ämnesintegrering. Begreppet ämnesintegrationinnebär att olika ämnen samverkar med varandra i syfte att sammanfoga skilda delar till enhelhet.Undersökningen inspireras av en fenomenologisk och hermeneutisk forskningsansats. Genom kvalitativa semistukturerade intervjuer synliggörs ett elevperspektiv med fokus på känslor ochupplevelser av motivation vid ämnesintegrerad undervisning. Empirin består avgruppintervjuer, som är riktade mot fenomenologins livsvärldsintervju med 15 elever i åk 2,samt analyser av data från deltagande observationer och fältanteckningar frånämnesintegrerade lektionstillfällen.Fyra huvudteman kring motivation visar sig tydligt framträdande i studien utifrånresultatanalysen. Vikten av att lärandet sätts i ett sammanhang, Vinsten med att det finns entydlig mottagare, Möjligheten att som elev få vara medbestämmande, Ett helhetsperspektiv pålärande. Med hjälp av dessa tematiseringar kan resultatet från forskningsstudien svara på deämnesdidaktiska frågorna kring vad, hur och varför elever och deras motivation kan påverkasav ämnesintegrering genom bild i undervisningssituationer. Undersökningens slutliga utfallvisar på att elevers upplevelser av motivation kan innefatta ett starkt samband mellan, känslor,rörelse och kommunikation. Studien ger läsaren även vidare kunskaper om hur motivation kanupplevas och kännas ur elevernas synvinkel. Min förhoppning har varit att med hjälp av dettaperspektiv finna och tillföra ny kunskap, vilket den har visat sig göra.

I denna uppsats undersöks ljudberättande inom radiodraman och fokuserar särskilt på radioproduktion till barn. Undersökningens syfte är att fördjupa kunskapen om radiodramats ljudberättande och mediets beståndsdelar inom radiodraman riktade till barn, genom att undersöka hur radiodraman anpassade till olika åldersgrupper påverkas av ljuddesign, dialog, musik, manus och regi. Empiriskt material har samlats in en enkätundersökning och kvalitativa intervjuer med ljuddesigners, kompositörer, manusförfattare, regissörer, producenter och dramaturger som alla har gedigen erfarenhet av arbete med radiodrama. Undersökningsdeltagarna har delat med sig av sina yrkeserfarenheter och ger i undersökningen sina synvinklar på vilka beståndsdelar som är viktiga för ljudberättandet. Dessa beståndsdelar är huvudsakligen: dialog, musik, atmosfärsljud, tramp- och ljudeffekter. Vilka funktioner sådana beståndsdelar har för att bidra till radiodramats helhet har analyserats och sammantaget visar analysen att alla dessa beståndsdelar lyfter fram berättelsen, som är radiodramats viktigaste komponent. Utan en berättelse finns det inget radiodrama att framföra. Men även ljuddesign, ljudeffekter och musik behövs för att framföra berättelsen och kan även påverka lyssnarnas upplevelser eller leda deras känslor i en tilltänkt riktning. Analysen visar att radiodraman bör anpassas till sin tilltänka publiks ålder men också att barn både förstår och kan ta del av djupare ämnen i radiodraman än vad vuxna nog ofta tror. Därför är en viktig slutsats att vi bör lyssna och lita på barnpubliken vid framtida produktion av radiodaraman. 

This article explores the views on medical knowledge and its circulation from the perspective of a privileged group – the scientists themselves who are the main actors in producing medical knowledge. The concept of sharing knowledge helps to highlight how knowledge circulation is affected by digitalisation, which changes scientific working conditions and sometimes makes sharing problematic. It reveals the underlying idea of knowledge as an exclusive property and the frictions that occur when this idea is challenged.

By shedding light on accounts from unaccompanied Afghan asylum-seeking minors in Sweden who were child soldiers in Syria, this thesis explores and examines their narratives and their involvement in the civil war in Syria. The research aims to create a deeper understanding of how these children themselves made sense of their participation in the war by answering the following questions: How were the children approached by the recruiters?

What kind of reasons for joining the war are put forward by the recruiters and what strategies do the children encounter: a) economic; b) identity formation; c) social deprivation; d) feeling of vulnerability; e) militarization; f) mental development; g) ideology/ religious-sectarian; or all together?

How do the children perceive these encounters and make sense of their recruitment to the Shiite Fatemiyoun Brigade? To which extent has the ideology of Shi’ism played an important role for them in joining the Syrian War? This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews which combines procedures from two approaches and techniques: an ethnographic approach and a narrative approach that explores the interviewees’ experiences in a period of time and also generates detailed insights.

Despite the fact that none of the respondents testified for being recruited at gunpoint or having been ill-treated, the respondents emphasized that they were forced to join due to the bad circumstances they were living in. In addition, many similarities with other cases regarding child soldiering in several countries have been explored in this thesis, for instance factors related to the socio- economic context and the experiences that are related to the children’s development processes.

Differences can be located in various details regarding ideologies and indoctrination since the respondents did not share the politico-religious purposes of the recruiters. 

This essay aims at explaining how the cultural identity of Kurds has changed in regard to patriotism and ethnonationalism in connection with the Arab Spring and the emergence of IS/Da’ish in Syria and Iraq. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind the growth of ethnonationalism among Kurds under the threat of armed conflict. The study’s main theoretical arguments rests upon a base of previous anthropological research made on the subjects nationalism and identity, and is additionally joined by theoretical arguments on ethnicity from the field of peace and conflict studies. By examining critical moments in the past and present history of Kurdish ethnonationalism as well as investigating the use of symbols representing Kurdish identity, I conclude that the emergence of the Arab Spring and the rise of IS/Da’ish has boosted Kurdish identity in regard to patriotism and ethnonationalism. Nonetheless, further research might still have to be made in order to completely understand the possibly even more detailed mechanisms behind the effects of conflicts, as well as other surrounding factors, on identity, patriotism and ethnonationalism.

Since the second half of the 20th century the Philippines have supplied the world with migrant workers. Today, almost one tenth of the population is residing abroad. Labour migration has become an important source of revenue to both state and private actors through remittances, for the Philippines, and a source of cheap labour battling labour shortage, in the receiving countries. Today, the global labour market is a distinct and important part of what we call globalisation. This is portrayed in this thesis through the lens of Philippine-Korean labour migration.

The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the emergence of migrants as a commodity for export, the institutionalised creation of migrants, the normalisation of labour migration, and containment of migrants through legal and spatial constraints, in Manila and in Seoul.

This thesis look at the ways in which labour migration, as an economic policy, is internalised and transformed into a culture of migration. I argue that the effects of a culture of migration is felt not just by the labour migrants themselves, but also by their families and by the Philippines as a whole. As such, the reliance on remittances as a source of income has transformed domestic and global infrastructures as well as norms and social behaviour. Moreover, this thesis aims to add to the discussion on migration and remittances by exploring social dimensions and consequences of the globalisation of the labour market.

En tecknad film skapad av Pennfilm med Per Åhlin, Alicja Björk och Lasse Persson som regissörer. Filmen består av tre historier av Astrid Lindgren med karaktärerna Emil och Ida i Lönneberga. Astrids egen röst används. 

Filmen är producerad av Filmlance International AB och fick 8 miljoner i produktionsstöd från Svenska Filminstitutet. Den distribueras av SF Film och finns tillgänglig på flera plattformar. Första gången var biopremiär 25 december 2013. Den senaste plattformen var visning i SVT med påföljande tid tillgänglig i SVT Play under hösten 2016. Både tecknandet och inspelningen av musiken gjordes på ett äldre traditionellt sätt. D.v.s. alla bildrutor har tecknats för hand. Musiken har spelats in i akustisk studio under Georg Riedels ledning med hjälp musiker och musiktekniker. Till den större delen har musikernas insatser skett tillsammans och utan pålägg. Därefter har musiktekniker och Georg Riedel mixat materialet för filmmediet. 

Georg Riedel - musik

Jon Allan - ljudproducent/ljudtekniker

Filmlance International AB - producent

Pennfilm - teckning av film

SF film - distributör

Discrepancies in loudness (i.e. sensation of audio intensity) has been of great concern within the broadcast community. For television broadcast, disparities in audio levels have been rated the number one cause to annoyance by the audience. Another problem area within the broadcast and music industry is the loudness war. The phenomenon is about the strive to produce audio content to be at least as loud or louder to any other audio content that it can easily be compared with. This mindset, when deciding for audio level treatment, inevitably leads to an increase in loudness over time, and also, as a technical consequence, a decrease of utilized dynamics. The effects of the loudness war is present in both terrestrial radio transmissions as well as in music production and in music distribution platforms.

The two problems, discrepancies in loudness and the loudness war, both emanate from the same source; regulations of audio levels and the design of measurement gear have not been amended to cope with modern production techniques. At the time when the work on this thesis started, the ruling technical recommendations for audio level alignment were based on peak measurement. This measured entity has poor correspondence to loudness. To counter the above described problems, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has developed new recommendations for audio alignment, EBU R 128 and ITU-R BS.1770. The new definitions for loudness measurement constitutes simplified models on the human perception of audio intensity. When using the new recommendations in production, the problems have been shown to diminish.

For an engineer in a live broadcast scenario, measurement equipment also need to be updated in real-time to illustrate a time-variant loudness of the signal. EBU and ITU also has regulated how this type of measurement gear should behave. EBU Tech 3341 and ITU-R BS.1771 define properties for live loudness meters. These recommendations has since the time of publication been implemented in measurement equipment from manufacturers and become available in production facilities.

This thesis investigates the conceptions that have led up to the present recommendations for live loudness meters. It maps out the (at the time) present ways to evaluate the same. Emanating from this knowledge, a new methodology to evaluate loudness meters is proposed that combines qualities from former methods to achieve an alternative balance between ecological validity and control in the experiment design. The methodology includes a procedure to capture data from engineers’ actions and the resulting audio levels from simulated broadcast scenarios. The methodology also incorporates a way to process this type of data into different parameters to be more accessible for interpretation. It presents an approach to model the data, by the use of linear mixed models, to describe different effects in the parameters as the result of the meters’ characteristics. In addition, a review on publications that examine the engineers’ own requests for beneficial qualities in a loudness meter has been condensed and revised into a set of meter criteria that specifically is designed to be applied on the outcome of the mixed models. The outcome of the complete evaluation yields statements on meter quality that are different and complementary to formerly proposed methods for meter evaluation.

The methodology has been applied in two different studies, which also are accounted for in the thesis. The conclusions from these studies has led to an increased understanding of how to design live loudness meters to be satisfactory tools to the engineer. Examples of findings are: the effect of the speed of the meter, as being controlled by one or several time constants, on the readability of the meter and the dispersion in output levels – some tested candidates, with higher speed than the present recommended ones, has been shown to be adequate as tools; the three-second integration time has been shown to generate a smaller dispersion in output levels than the 400 ms integration time; the effect of the gate in BS.1771 on the resulting output levels– the gate generally leading to an increase in output levels. The acquired knowledge may be used to improve the present recommendations for audio level alignment, from EBU and ITU.