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  • 1.
    Aasa, Jenny
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry.
    Vryonidis, Efstathios
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry.
    Abramsson-Zetterberg, Lilianne
    Törnqvist, Margareta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry.
    Internal Doses of Glycidol in Children and Estimation of Associated Cancer Risk2019In: Toxics, E-ISSN 2305-6304, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The general population is exposed to the genotoxic carcinogen glycidol via food containing refined edible oils where glycidol is present in the form of fatty acid esters. In this study, internal (in vivo) doses of glycidol were determined in a cohort of 50 children and in a reference group of 12 adults (non-smokers and smokers). The lifetime in vivo doses and intakes of glycidol were calculated from the levels of the hemoglobin (Hb) adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine in blood samples from the subjects, demonstrating a fivefold variation between the children. The estimated mean intake (1.4 mu g/kg/day) was about two times higher, compared to the estimated intake for children by the European Food Safety Authority. The data from adults indicate that the non-smoking and smoking subjects are exposed to about the same or higher levels compared to the children, respectively. The estimated lifetime cancer risk (200/10(5)) was calculated by a multiplicative risk model from the lifetime in vivo doses of glycidol in the children, and exceeds what is considered to be an acceptable cancer risk. The results emphasize the importance to further clarify exposure to glycidol and other possible precursors that could give a contribution to the observed adduct levels.

  • 2. Abbas, S
    et al.
    Linseisen, J
    Rohrmann, S
    Beulens, JWJ
    Buijsse, B
    Amiano, P
    Ardanaz, E
    Balkau, B
    Boeing, H
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Fagherazzi, G
    Franks, Paul W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Gavrila, D
    Grioni, S
    Kaaks, R
    Key, TJ
    Khaw, KT
    Kuehn, T
    Mattiello, A
    Molina-Montes, E
    Nilsson, PM
    Overvad, K
    Quiros, JR
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Sacerdote, C
    Saieva, C
    Slimani, N
    Sluijs, I
    Spijkerman, AMW
    Tjonneland, A
    Tumino, R
    van der A, DL
    Zamora-Ros, R
    Sharp, SJ
    Langenberg, C
    Forouhi, NG
    Riboli, E
    Wareham, NJ
    Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: the EPIC-InterAct study2014In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 68, no 2, p. 196-202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study in a heterogeneous European population including eight countries with large geographical variation.

    SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using a case-cohort design, 11 245 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and a representative subcohort (N = 15 798) were included in the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes were calculated using a Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders. Twenty-four-hour diet-recall data from a subsample (N = 2347) were used to calibrate habitual intake data derived from dietary questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 10.8 years. Dietary vitamin D intake was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. HR and 95% CIs for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of uncalibrated vitamin D intake was 1.09 (0.97-1.22) (P-trend = 0.17). No associations were observed in a sex-specific analysis. The overall pooled effect (HR (95% CI)) using the continuous calibrated variable was 1.00 (0.97-1.03) per increase of 1 mg/day dietary vitamin D.

    CONCLUSIONS: This observational study does not support an association between higher dietary vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes incidence. This result has to be interpreted in light of the limited contribution of dietary vitamin D on the overall vitamin D status of a person.

  • 3.
    Abdelmenan, Semira
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, 26751/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, 196 Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Berhane, Hanna Y.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, 26751/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Jirström, Magnus
    Trenholm, Jill
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Worku, Alemayehu
    Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, 26751/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Berhane, Yemane
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, 26751/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    The Social Stratification of Availability, Affordability, and Consumption of Food in Families with Preschoolers in Addis Ababa: The EAT Addis Study in Ethiopia2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 10, article id 3168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to understand the quality of diet being consumed among families in Addis Ababa, and to what extent social stratification and perceptions of availability and affordability affect healthy food consumption. Data were collected from 5467 households in a face-to-face interview with mothers/caretakers and analyzed using mixed effect logistic regression models. All family food groups, except fish were perceived to be available by more than 90% of the participants. The food groups cereals/nuts/seeds, other vegetables, and legumes were considered highly affordable (80%) and were the most consumed (>75%). Households with the least educated mothers and those in the lowest wealth quintile had the lowest perception of affordability and also consumption. Consumption of foods rich in micronutrients and animal sources were significantly higher among households with higher perceived affordability, the highest wealth quintile, and with mothers who had better education. Households in Addis Ababa were generally seen to have a monotonous diet, despite the high perceived availability of different food groups within the food environment. There is a considerable difference in consumption of nutrient-rich foods across social strata, hence the cities food policies need to account for social differences in order to improve the nutritional status of the community.

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  • 4.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Principles of nutritional assessment2006In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition, ISSN 1748-2976, E-ISSN 1748-2984, Vol. 50, no 4, p. 177-177Article, book review (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 5.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences. kost.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences. Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Becker, Wulf
    Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Klinisk nutrition och metabolism.
    Nilsson, Gerd
    Näringslära för högskolan2006Book (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 6. Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Nilsson, Gerd
    Näringslära för högskolan: Från grundläggande till avancerad nutrition2013 (ed. 6)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 7.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences.
    Ekblad, Jenny
    Behov under livscykeln och varianter av kost2006In: Näringslära för högskolan, Liber AB, Stockholm , 2006, p. 356-393Chapter in book (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 8.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Institutionen för kostvetenskap, Uppsala universitet.
    Hörnell, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition.
    Ekblad, Jenny
    FoU Malmö stad, Malmö.
    Nutrition under livscykeln2013In: Näringslära för högskolan: från grundläggande till avancerad nutrition / [ed] Abrahamsson Lillemor, Andersson Agneta, Nilsson Gerd, Stockholm: Liber, 2013, 6, p. 379-403Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Abrahamsson, Lillemor
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Domestic Sciences.
    Löf, Marie
    Proteiner2006In: Näringslära för högskolan, Liber AB, Stockholm , 2006, p. 131-165Chapter in book (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 10.
    Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Reumark, Anna
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cederholm, Tommy
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Vessby, Bengt
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    What is a healthy Nordic diet? Foods and nutrients in the NORDIET study2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Reumark, Anna
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cederholm, Tommy
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Vessby, Bengt
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Johansson, Gunnar
    Halmstad University, School of Health and Welfare, Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI).
    What is a healthy Nordic diet? Foods and nutrients in the NORDIET study2012In: Food & Nutrition Research, ISSN 1654-6628, E-ISSN 1654-661X, Vol. 56, article id 18189Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: A healthy Nordic diet (ND), a diet based on foods originating from the Nordic countries, improves blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure and body weight in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare food and nutrient composition of the ND in relation to the intake of a Swedish reference population (SRP) and the recommended intake (RI) and average requirement (AR), as described by the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR).

    DESIGN: The analyses were based on an estimate of actual food and nutrient intake of 44 men and women (mean age 53±8 years, BMI 26±3), representing an intervention arm receiving ND for 6 weeks.

    RESULTS: The main difference between ND and SRP was the higher intake of plant foods, fish, egg and vegetable fat and a lower intake of meat products, dairy products, sweets and desserts and alcoholic beverages during ND (p<0.001 for all food groups). Intake of cereals and seeds was similar between ND and SRP (p>0.3). The relative intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates during ND was in accordance with RI. Intake of all vitamins and minerals was above AR, whereas sodium intake was below RI.

    CONCLUSIONS: When compared with the food intake of an SRP, ND is primarily a plant-based diet. ND represents a balanced food intake that meets the current RI and AR of NNR 2004 and has a dietary pattern that is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality.

    © 2012 Viola Adamsson et al.

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  • 12.
    Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Reumark, Anna
    Marklund, Matti
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Role of a prudent breakfast in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized controlled trial2015In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 20-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS:

    It is unclear whether advising a prudent breakfast alone is sufficient to improve blood lipids and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight hypercholesterolemic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a prudent low-fat breakfast (PB) rich in dietary fiber lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels.

    METHODS:

    In a parallel, controlled, 12-week study, 79 healthy overweight subjects (all regular breakfast eaters) were randomly allocated to a group that received a PB based on Nordic foods provided ad libitum or a control group that consumed their usual breakfast. The primary outcome was plasma LDL-C. Secondary outcomes were other blood lipids, body weight, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 [TNF-R2]), and blood pressure. The PB was in accordance with national and Nordic nutrition recommendations and included oat bran porridge with low-fat milk or yogurt, bilberry or lingonberry jam, whole grain bread, low-fat spread, poultry or fatty fish, and fruit.

    RESULTS:

    No differences were found in LDL-C, other blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism, but SAD, plasma CRP, and TNF-R2 decreased more during PB compared with controls (p < 0.05). In the overall diet, PB increased dietary fiber and β-glucan compared with controls (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Advising a prudent breakfast for 3 months did not influence blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism but reduced markers of visceral fat and inflammation. The trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials database (http://www.controlled-trials.com); International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 84550872.

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  • 13.
    Adolfsson, Päivi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation.
    Ek, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Umb-Carlsson, Õie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation.
    Dietitians’ challenges when consulting to adults with intellectual disabilities2019In: Tizard Learning Disability Review, ISSN 1359-5474, E-ISSN 2042-8782, ISSN ISSN 1359-5474,, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 153-162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate registered dietitians' (RDs) experiences in consulting to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Sweden.

    Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive study using a study-specific web-based questionnaire was administered, comprising both multiple-choice questions with a space for comments and open-ended questions. The open-ended answers and comments from 53 respondents were analysed with systematic text condensation.

    Findings: Four categories were identified: RDs' experiences from the first meeting; explanations for late initial contact; the actions taken by RDs; and necessary measures for more sustainable nutrition care. Ten sub-categories described the challenges that RDs experience in more detail.

    Practical implications: It is necessary to provide adults with ID and their supporting staff with individually tailored nutritional information. Individuals with ID must be actively involved in lifestyle changes that affect their everyday life. The RD must be included in the interdisciplinary team supporting adults with ID. If a new practice is to be implemented, it should be compatible with the existing values of adults with ID and their staff and must be feasible to implement in the everyday life of the individual.

    Originality/value: This paper identified several barriers that should be overcome in relation to the preparation of RDs for consultation with adults with ID about nutritional health issues. A systematic structure, knowledge about nutrition and knowledge about adults with ID and their living situations are needed. An assessment instrument may meet health promotion needs and facilitate longitudinal follow-ups of nutritional problems.

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  • 14.
    Adolfsson, Päivi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation.
    Ek, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Umb-Carlsson, Öie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation.
    Challenges for registered dietitians working with food related health promotion for adults with IDD in supported housing2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Adolfsson, Päivi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hysing, Jennie
    City of Stockholm, Sweden..
    Ek, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Dietitians’ endeavor to contribute to the nutritional health of children and youth with intellectual disability and autism2023In: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, ISSN 2047-3869Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of registered dietitians (RD) who consult children and youth with intellectual disability (ID) and autism. Another aim was to investigate how knowledge and working methods were transferred to RDs working with adults with ID and autism. Twenty-six RDs completed a web-based study-specific questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The respondents’ comments and responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed using systematic text condensation. The analyses resulted in four categories: Reachability and accessibility of RDs, Clients do not comply with RDs’ dietary advice, RD finds individual solutions and Better collaboration for better knowledge. It was noteworthy that RDs’ undergraduate education did not prepare them for clients with ID and autism. Instead, they learned by doing and from other professionals at the clinic if they collaborate with them or were part in teams around the client. The RDs reported a lack of national routines for the transition process of nutrition support from young to adult.

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  • 16.
    Adolfsson, Päivi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Centrum för forskning om funktionshinder, Centre for Disability research.
    Lewin, Barbro
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Mattsson Sydner, Ylva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Fjellström, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Food habits among persons with intellectual disabilities (ID)2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Afeiche, Myriam C.
    et al.
    Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Iroz, Alison
    Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Thielecke, Frank
    Department of Health Promotion, Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences, Regendorf, Switzerland; T2 Bene Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland.
    De Castro, Antonio C.
    SAS Institute Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.
    Lefebvre, Gregory
    Crown Bioscience, CA, San Diego, United States.
    Draper, Colleen F.
    PhenomX Health LaForge, Fondation EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Martínez-Costa, Cecilia
    Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
    Haaland, Kirsti
    Department of Global Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Marchini, Giovanna
    Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Agosti, Massimo
    Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Woman and Child Department, Del Ponte Hospital, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Rakza, Thameur
    Department of Obstetrics, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
    Costeira, Maria José
    Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) and Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics (3B’s), PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Neonatology, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, Guimarães, Portugal.
    Vanpee, Mireille
    Department of Pediatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Billeaud, Claude
    Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
    Picaud, Jean-Charles
    Division of Neonatology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CarMen Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 69221, INSA Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
    Hian, Daryl Lim Kah
    Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
    Liu, Guimei
    Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
    Shivappa, Nitin
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, SC, Columbia, United States; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, SC, Columbia, United States.
    Hébert, James R.
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, SC, Columbia, United States; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, SC, Columbia, United States.
    Samuel, Tinu M.
    Nestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Vevey, Switzerland.
    The dietary inflammatory index is associated with subclinical mastitis in lactating european women2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 22, article id 4719Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory state of the lactating mammary gland, which is asymptomatic and may have negative consequences for child growth. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and SCM and (2) assess the differences in nutrient intakes between women without SCM and those with SCM. One hundred and seventy-seven women with available data on human milk (HM) sodium potassium ratio (Na:K) and dietary intake data were included for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between nutrient intake and the DII score in relation to SCM. Women without SCM had a lower median DII score (0.60) than women with moderate (1.12) or severe (1.74) SCM (p < 0.01). A one-unit increase in DII was associated with about 41% increased odds of having SCM, adjusting for country and mode of delivery, p = 0.001. Women with SCM had lower mean intakes of several anti-inflammatory nutrients. We show for the first time exploratory evidence that SCM may be associated with a pro-inflammatory diet and women with SCM have lower intakes of several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients.

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  • 18. Afshin, Ashkan
    et al.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Sur, Patrick
    Estep, Kara
    Lee, Alex
    Marczak, Laurie
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Vos, Theo
    Abate, Kalkidan H.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Ahmed, Muktar B.
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Amberbir, Alemayehu
    Amegah, Adeladza K.
    Amini, Erfan
    Amrock, Stephen M.
    Anjana, Ranjit M.
    Arnlov, Johan
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Banerjee, Amitava
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Baye, Estifanos
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Beyene, Addisu S.
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Biryukov, Stan
    Bjertness, Espen
    Boneya, Dube J.
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Cecilio, Pedro
    Cercy, Kelly
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Damtew, Solomon A.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Eshrati, Babak
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Furst, Thomas
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye T.
    Gold, Audra
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Goto, Atsushi
    Habtewold, Tesfa D.
    Hadush, Kokeb T.
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Hay, Simon I.
    Horino, Masako
    Islami, Farhad
    Kamal, Ritul
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa V.
    Kengne, Andre P.
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan N.
    Khader, Yousef S.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Kim, Daniel
    Kim, Yun J.
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Ku, Tiffany
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Leinsalu, Mall
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Liu, Patrick
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Majeed, Azeem
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Malta, Deborah C.
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    McAlinden, Colm
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Mengistu, Desalegn T.
    Mensah, George A.
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Mezgebe, Haftay B.
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Noubiap, Jean J.
    Obermeyer, Carla M.
    Ogbo, Felix A.
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Patton, George C.
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rafay, Anwar
    Rai, Rajesh K.
    Ranabhat, Chhabi L.
    Reinig, Nikolas
    Safiri, Saeid
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Sanabria, Juan R.
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Sartorius, Benn
    Sawhney, Monika
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    Schmidt, Maria I.
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Shamsizadeh, Moretza
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Shiri, Rahman
    Shiue, Ivy
    Roba, Hirbo S.
    Silva, Diego A. S.
    Silverberg, Jonathan I.
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Stranges, Saverio
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Tadese, Fentaw
    Tedla, Bemnet A.
    Tegegne, Balewgizie S.
    Terkawi, Abdullah S.
    Thakur, J. S.
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Vaezghasemi, Masoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    Vlassov, Vasiliy V.
    Vollset, Stein E.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wesana, Joshua
    Westerman, Ronny
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yonga, Gerald
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Zenebe, Zerihun M.
    Zipkin, Ben
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years2017In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 377, no 1, p. 13-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. 

  • 19. Agborsangaya, Calypse
    et al.
    Toriola, Adetunji T
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Surcel, Heljia-Marja
    Holl, Katsiaryna
    Parkkila, Seppo
    Tuohimaa, Pentti
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Lehtinen, Matti
    The effects of storage time and sampling season on the stability of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and androstenedione2010In: Nutrition and Cancer, ISSN 0163-5581, E-ISSN 1532-7914, Vol. 62, no 1, p. 51-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Knowledge of the stability of serum samples stored in large biobanks is pivotal for reliable assessment of hormone-dependent disease risks. We studied the effects of sample storage time and season of serum sampling on the stability of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) and androstenedione in a stratified random sample of 402 women, using paired sera from the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Serum samples selected were donated between 6 and 24 yr ago. The storage time did not affect serum 25-OHD and androstenedione levels. However, there was a significant mean difference in the 25-OHD levels of sera withdrawn during winter (first sample) vs. during summer (second sample; -18.4 nmol/l, P ≤ 0.001). Also at the individual level, there were significant differences in average 25-OHD levels between individuals with the paired sera taken at winter–winter compared with other alternatives (summer–winter, winter–summer, and summer–summer). The androstenedione levels showed no such differences. Long-term storage does not affect serum 25-OHD and androstenedione levels, but sampling season is an important determinant of 25-OHD levels. Stored serum samples can be used to study disease associations with both hormones. However, sampling season needs to be taken into account for 25-OHD by considering matching and stratification and, if possible, serial sampling.

  • 20. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Murphy, Neil
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nicolas, Genevieve
    Pischon, Tobias
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Severi, Gianluca
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fournier, Agnès
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Agudo, Antonio
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Huerta, José Maria
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Martimianaki, Georgia
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    May, Anne
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Hellstrand, Sophie
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Skeie, Guri
    Brustad, Magritt
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Ward, Heather
    Riboli, Elio
    Norat, Teresa
    Chajes, Veronique
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort2020In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ISSN 1542-3565, E-ISSN 1542-7714, p. 654-666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs.

    RESULTS: Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18-1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026).

    CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.

  • 21. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Mayén, Ana-Lucia
    Knaze, Viktoria
    Freisling, Heinz
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Hughes, David J.
    Jiao, Li
    Eriksen, Anne Kirstine
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Rothwell, Joseph A.
    Severi, Gianluca
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Katzke, Verena
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Birukov, Anna
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Santucci de Magistris, Maria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Skeie, Guri
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Sandanger, Torkjel
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Luján-Barroso, Leila
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Schalkwijk, Casper G.
    Jenab, Mazda
    Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 9, article id 3132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intakes of three major dAGEs: Nε-carboxy-methyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were estimated in 450,111 participants (median follow-up = 13 years, with 6162 CRC cases) by matching to a detailed published European food composition database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dAGEs with CRC were computed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Inverse CRC risk associations were observed for CML (HR comparing extreme quintiles: HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00) and MG-H1 (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00), but not for CEL (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89-1.05). The associations did not differ by sex or anatomical location of the tumor. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, our findings suggest an inverse association between dAGEs and CRC risk. More research is required to verify these findings and better differentiate the role of dAGEs from that of endogenously produced AGEs and their precursor compounds in CRC development.

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  • 22. Agogo, George O.
    et al.
    van der Voet, Hilko
    van 't Veer, Pieter
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Muller, David C.
    Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
    Bamia, Christina
    Braaten, Tonje
    Knuppel, Sven
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    van Eeuwijk, Fred A.
    Boshuizen, Hendriek C.
    A method for sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of measurement error in multiple exposure variables using external validation data2016In: BMC Medical Research Methodology, E-ISSN 1471-2288, Vol. 16, article id 139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Measurement error in self-reported dietary intakes is known to bias the association between dietary intake and a health outcome of interest such as risk of a disease. The association can be distorted further by mismeasured confounders, leading to invalid results and conclusions. It is, however, difficult to adjust for the bias in the association when there is no internal validation data. Methods: We proposed a method to adjust for the bias in the diet-disease association (hereafter, association), due to measurement error in dietary intake and a mismeasured confounder, when there is no internal validation data. The method combines prior information on the validity of the self-report instrument with the observed data to adjust for the bias in the association. We compared the proposed method with the method that ignores the confounder effect, and with the method that ignores measurement errors completely. We assessed the sensitivity of the estimates to various magnitudes of measurement error, error correlations and uncertainty in the literature-reported validation data. We applied the methods to fruits and vegetables (FV) intakes, cigarette smoking (confounder) and all-cause mortality data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Results: Using the proposed method resulted in about four times increase in the strength of association between FV intake and mortality. For weakly correlated errors, measurement error in the confounder minimally affected the hazard ratio estimate for FV intake. The effect was more pronounced for strong error correlations. Conclusions: The proposed method permits sensitivity analysis on measurement error structures and accounts for uncertainties in the reported validity coefficients. The method is useful in assessing the direction and quantifying the magnitude of bias in the association due to measurement errors in the confounders.

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  • 23. Agudo, Antonio
    et al.
    Cayssials, Valerie
    Bonet, Catalina
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Affret, Aurélie
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Katzke, Verena
    Schübel, Ruth
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Karakatsani, Anna
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Palli, Domenico
    Grioni, Sara
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Skeie, Guri
    Nøst, Theresa H.
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel
    Amiano, Pilar
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Dias, Joana A.
    Nilsson, Lena M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Myte, Robin
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Gunter, Marc
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Tsilidis, Kostas
    Riboli, Elio
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study2018In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 107, no 4, p. 607-616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the 2 major types of gastric cancer. Several foods, nutrients, and nonnutrient food components seem to be involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation. We assessed the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the risk of gastric carcinoma, overall and for the 2 major subsites: cardia cancers and noncardia cancers. A total of 476,160 subjects (30% men, 70% women) from the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were followed for 14 y, during which 913 incident cases of gastric carcinoma were identified, including 236 located in the cardia, 341 in the distal part of the stomach (noncardia), and 336 with overlapping or unknown tumor site. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed by means of an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD), calculated with the use of 28 dietary components and their corresponding inflammatory scores. The association between the ISD and gastric cancer risk was estimated by HRs and 95% CIs calculated by multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for confounders. The inflammatory potential of the diet was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. The HR (95% CI) for each increase in 1 SD of the ISD were 1.25 (1.12, 1.39) for all gastric cancers, 1.30 (1.06, 1.59) for cardia cancers, and 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) for noncardia cancers. The corresponding values for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of the ISD were 1.66 (1.26, 2.20), 1.94 (1.14, 3.30), and 1.07 (0.70, 1.70), respectively. Our results suggest that low-grade chronic inflammation induced by the diet may be associated with gastric cancer risk. This pattern seems to be more consistent for gastric carcinomas located in the cardia than for those located in the distal stomach. This study is listed on the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN12136108.

  • 24.
    Ahlgren, Christina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Hammarström, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Social medicine.
    Sandberg, Susanne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Olsson, Tommy
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Larsson, Christel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Fjellman-Wiklund, Anncristine
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS).
    Engagement in New Dietary Habits: Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention2016In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 1070-5503, E-ISSN 1532-7558, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 84-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.

    METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.

    RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".

    CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.

  • 25.
    Ahlin, Rebecca
    et al.
    Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nørskov, Natalja P.
    Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, Tjele, Denmark.
    Nybacka, Sanna
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Landberg, Rikard
    Department of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skokic, Viktor
    Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Stranne, Johan
    Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Josefsson, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology. Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Steineck, Gunnar
    Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hedelin, Maria
    Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Regional Cancer Center West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Effects on serum hormone concentrations after a dietary phytoestrogen intervention in patients with prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial2023In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 15, no 7, article id 1792Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Phytoestrogens have been suggested to have an anti-proliferative role in prostate cancer, potentially by acting through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and modulating several hormones. We primarily aimed to investigate the effect of a phytoestrogen intervention on hormone concentrations in blood depending on the ERβ genotype. Patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, scheduled for radical prostatectomy, were randomized to an intervention group provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/d) added to their diet until their surgery, or a control group that was not provided with any food items. Both groups received official dietary recommendations. Blood samples were collected at baseline and endpoint and blood concentrations of different hormones and phytoestrogens were analyzed. The phytoestrogen-rich diet did not affect serum concentrations of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, we found a trend of decreased risk of increased serum concentration of estradiol in the intervention group compared to the control group but only in a specific genotype of ERβ (p = 0.058). In conclusion, a high daily intake of phytoestrogen-rich foods has no major effect on hormone concentrations but may lower the concentration of estradiol in patients with prostate cancer with a specific genetic upset of ERβ.

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  • 26.
    Ahlman, B.
    et al.
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andersson, K.
    Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Leijonmarck, C. E.
    Department of Surgery, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ljungqvist, Olle
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedenborg, L.
    Department of Pathology, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wernerman, J.
    St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Short-term starvation alters the free amino acid content of human intestinal mucosa1994In: Clinical Science, ISSN 0143-5221, E-ISSN 1470-8736, Vol. 86, no 6, p. 653-662Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    1. The effects of short-term starvation and refeeding on the free amino acid concentrations of the intestinal mucosa were characterized in male subjects (n=6), using endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the duodenum and from all four segments of the colon.

    2. The alterations in the amino acid concentrations in response to short-term starvation were overall uniform in both duodenal and colonic mucosa as well as in plasma. Most amino acids decreased, whereas branched-chain amino acids increased.

    3. In the colon, glutamic acid and glutamine decreased during the starvation period, whereas they remained unaltered in the duodenum. This was the major difference in response to short-term starvation between the amino acid concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum and colon.

    4. Refeeding for 3 days normalized the amino acid concentrations except for glutamic acid, asparagine and histidine, which remained low in the colon, and threonine, which showed an overshoot in both parts of the intestine. S. The changes in mucosal amino acid concentrations seen in response to starvation and refeeding were uniform in the four segments of the colon. This suggests that sampling from the rectum/sigmoid colon will give representative values for the free amino acid concentrations of the entire large intestine.

  • 27.
    Ahlman, B.
    et al.
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ljungqvist, Olle
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Andersson, K.
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wernerman, J.
    Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital and Metabolic Research Laboratory, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Free amino acids in the human intestinal mucosa: Impact of surgical trauma and critical illness1995In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 54-55Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Ahlström, My
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Hendriksson, Sanna
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Stevic, Bojan
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Den hälsosamma kosten: uppfattningar, resonemang och livsmedelsval2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Most consumers today are very health conscious and wish to eat a healthy diet, but they are faced with several problems in their everyday lives. Food and product choices can be about taking a stance and showing your identity, whether that is as a price conscious or environmentally conscious customer. As such many factors are in play when the consumer decides what a healthy diet is. The choice of diet and food thus becomes a complex everyday challenge. This is influenced by the debate around food and health in what is termed the mass media. The purpose of the study was to show how a sample of Swedish consumers percieve a healthy diet, the relation of said perception to comming nutrition reccommendations and the consumers’ views of diet and health. The study used semi-structured interviews as well as a web-based food frequency questionnaire with fourhundred respondents. Interviews centered on concepts of healthy diet and unhealthy diet, as well as the meaning of words frequently used in the debate around diet and health in mass media. The consumer’s view of a healthy diet mainly coincides with Swedish Nutritional Recommendations from 2004 and the proposal for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from June, 2012. There are differences in the opinions of male and female subjects between self-estimated food consumption, the view of what a healthy diet should look like and on how often the defined food items should be consumed. A higher frequency of consumption of food items that the proposal for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations have recommended be reduced, such as sausages, snacks and sweets was more acceptable to men than to women. Women’s perception of a healthy diet included a higher frequency of consumption of food items that the proposal for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations have recommended be increased, such as fruits, berries and vegetables. Over all, the subjects were well informed and knowledgeable about what constitutes a healthy diet.

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    Ahlström, Hendriksson, Stevic - Den hälsosamma kosten
  • 29. Ahmad, S
    et al.
    Poveda, A
    Shungin, Dmitry
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Barroso, I
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Franks, Paul W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Established BMI-associated genetic variants and their prospective associations with BMI and other cardiometabolic traits: the GLACIER Study2016In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1346-1352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Recent cross-sectional genome-wide scans have reported associations of 97 independent loci with body mass index (BMI). In 3541 middle-aged adult participants from the GLACIER Study, we tested whether these loci are associated with 10-year changes in BMI and other cardiometabolic traits (fasting and 2-h glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures).

    METHODS: A BMI-specific genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated effect alleles at each locus. Trait-specific cardiometabolic GRSs comprised only the loci that show nominal association (P⩽0.10) with the respective trait in the original cross-sectional study. In longitudinal genetic association analyses, the second visit trait measure (assessed ~10 years after baseline) was used as the dependent variable and the models were adjusted for the baseline measure of the outcome trait, age, age(2), fasting time (for glucose and lipid traits), sex, follow-up time and population substructure.

    RESULTS: The BMI-specific GRS was associated with increased BMI at follow-up (β=0.014 kg m(-2) per allele per 10-year follow-up, s.e.=0.006, P=0.019) as were three loci (PARK2 rs13191362, P=0.005; C6orf106 rs205262, P=0.043; and C9orf93 rs4740619, P=0.01). Although not withstanding Bonferroni correction, a handful of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was nominally associated with changes in blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels.

    CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, established BMI-associated loci convey modest but statistically significant time-dependent associations with long-term changes in BMI, suggesting a role for effect modification by factors that change with time in this population.

  • 30.
    Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology. Harvard Medical School; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
    Demler, O. V.
    Sun, Q.
    Moorthy, M. V.
    Li, C.
    Lee, I.-M.
    Ridker, P. M.
    Manson, J. E.
    Hu, F. B.
    Fall, Tove
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology.
    Chasman, D. I.
    Cheng, S.
    Pradhan, A.
    Mora, S.
    Association of the Mediterranean Diet With Onset of Diabetes in the Women’s Health Study2020In: JAMA Network Open, E-ISSN 2574-3805, Vol. 3, no 11, article id e2025466Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Importance  Higher Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, but underlying biological mechanisms are unclear.

    Objective  To characterize the relative contribution of conventional and novel biomarkers in MED-associated type 2 diabetes risk reduction in a US population.

    Design, Setting, and Participants  This cohort study was conducted among 25 317 apparently healthy women. The participants with missing information regarding all traditional and novel metabolic biomarkers or those with baseline diabetes were excluded. Participants were invited for baseline assessment between September 1992 and May 1995. Data were collected from November 1992 to December 2017 and analyzed from December 2018 to December 2019.

    Exposures  MED intake score (range, 0 to 9) was computed from self-reported dietary intake, representing adherence to Mediterranean diet intake.

    Main Outcomes and Measures  Incident cases of type 2 diabetes, identified through annual questionnaires; reported cases were confirmed by either telephone interview or supplemental questionnaire. Proportion of reduced risk of type 2 diabetes explained by clinical risk factors and a panel of 40 biomarkers that represent different physiological pathways was estimated.

    Results  The mean (SD) age of the 25 317 female participants was 52.9 (9.9) years, and they were followed up for a mean (SD) of 19.8 (5.8) years. Higher baseline MED intake (score ≥6 vs ≤3) was associated with as much as a 30% lower type 2 diabetes risk (age-adjusted and energy-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79; when regression models were additionally adjusted with body mass index [BMI]: hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96). Biomarkers of insulin resistance made the largest contribution to lower risk (accounting for 65.5% of the MED–type 2 diabetes association), followed by BMI (55.5%), high-density lipoprotein measures (53.0%), and inflammation (52.5%), with lesser contributions from branched-chain amino acids (34.5%), very low-density lipoprotein measures (32.0%), low-density lipoprotein measures (31.0%), blood pressure (29.0%), and apolipoproteins (23.5%), and minimal contribution (≤2%) from hemoglobin A1c. In post hoc subgroup analyses, the inverse association of MED diet with type 2 diabetes was seen only among women who had BMI of at least 25 at baseline but not those who had BMI of less than 25 (eg, women with BMI <25, age- and energy-adjusted HR for MED score ≥6 vs ≤3, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.33; P for trend = .92; women with BMI ≥25: HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.87; P for trend < .001).

    Conclusions and Relevance  In this cohort study, higher MED intake scores were associated with a 30% relative risk reduction in type 2 diabetes during a 20-year period, which could be explained in large part by biomarkers of insulin resistance, BMI, lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammation.

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  • 31.
    Ahorsu, Daniel K.
    et al.
    Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
    Lin, Chung-Ying
    Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
    Imani, Vida
    Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
    Griffiths, Mark D.
    International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
    Su, Jian-An
    Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
    Latner, Janet D.
    Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
    Marshall, Rachel D.
    Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
    Pakpour, Amir H.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Nursing Science. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
    A prospective study on the link between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating: Role of food addiction and psychological distress2020In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, ISSN 0276-3478, E-ISSN 1098-108X, Vol. 53, no 3, p. 442-450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: This prospective study investigated the link between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating by (a) examining the temporal association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating; (b) investigating the mediating role of food addiction in the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating; and (c) examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating.

    METHOD: Participants comprised 1,497 adolescents (mean = 15.1 years; SD = 6.0). Body mass index and weight bias were assessed at baseline; psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) assessed and food addiction at 3 months; and binge eating at 6 months. The mediation model was analyzed using Model 4 in the PROCESS macro for SPSS with 10,000 bootstrapping resamples.

    RESULTS: There was no significant direct association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. However, food addiction and psychological distress significantly mediated the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating.

    DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the indirect association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating via food addiction and psychological distress. Consequently, intervention programs targeting food addiction and psychological distress among adolescents may have significant positive effects on outcomes for weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. The findings will be beneficial to researchers and healthcare professionals working with adolescents during this critical developmental period.

  • 32.
    Ahrén, Jennie C.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Chiesa, Flaminia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Koupil, Ilona
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Dalman, Christina
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Goodman, Anna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
    We are family - parents, siblings, and eating disorders in a prospective total-population study of 250,000 Swedish males and females2013In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, ISSN 0276-3478, E-ISSN 1098-108X, Vol. 46, no 7, p. 693-700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We examined how parental characteristics and other aspects of family background were associated with the development of eating disorders (ED) in males and females.

    Method: We used register data and record linkage to create the prospective, total-population study the Stockholm Youth Cohort. This cohort comprises all children and adolescents who were ever residents in Stockholm County between 2001 and 2007, plus their parents and siblings. Individuals born between 1984 and 1995 (N = 249, 884) were followed up for ED from age 12 to end of 2007. We used Cox regression modeling to investigate how ED incidence was associated with family socioeconomic position, parental age, and family composition.

    Results: In total, 3,251 cases of ED (2,971 females; 280 males) were recorded. Higher parental education independently predicted a higher rate of ED in females [e.g., adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.02) for degree-level vs. elementary-level maternal education], but not in males [HR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.28), p < 0.001 for gender interaction]. In females, an increasing number of full-siblings was associated with lower rate of ED [e.g., fully adjusted HR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97) per sibling], whereas an increasing number of half-siblings was associated with a higher rate [HR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09) per sibling].

    Discussion: The effect of parental education on ED rate varies between males and females, whereas the effect of number of siblings varies according to whether they are full or half-siblings. A deeper understanding of these associations and their underlying mechanisms may provide etiological insights and inform the design of preventive interventions

  • 33. Ajenikoko, Adefunke
    et al.
    Ide, Nicole
    Shivashankar, Roopa
    Ge, Zeng
    Marklund, Matti
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Anderson, Cheryl
    Atun, Amy
    Thomson, Alexander
    Henry, Megan E
    Cobb, Laura K
    Core Strategies to Increase the Uptake and Use of Potassium-Enriched Low-Sodium Salt.2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 9, p. 3203-, article id 3203Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Excess sodium consumption and insufficient potassium intake contribute to high blood pressure and thus increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. In low-sodium salt, a portion of the sodium in salt (the amount varies, typically ranging from 10 to 50%) is replaced with minerals such as potassium chloride. Low-sodium salt may be an effective, scalable, and sustainable approach to reduce sodium and therefore reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular disease at the population level. Low-sodium salt programs have not been widely scaled up, although they have the potential to both reduce dietary sodium intake and increase dietary potassium intake. This article proposes a framework for a successful scale-up of low-sodium salt use in the home through four core strategies: availability, awareness and promotion, affordability, and advocacy. This framework identifies challenges and potential solutions within the core strategies to begin to understand the pathway to successful program implementation and evaluation of low-sodium salt use.

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  • 34.
    Akbaraly, Tasmine
    et al.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Montpellier, MMDN, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France; UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England; Hosp & Univ Res Ctr Montpellier, Dept Psychiat, Montpellier, France; Hosp & Univ Res Ctr Montpellier, Autism Resources Ctr, Montpellier, France.
    Sexton, Claire
    Univ Oxford, FMRIB Ctr, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford, England.
    Zsoldos, Eniko
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Neurobiol Ageing Grp, Oxford, England.
    Mahmood, Abda
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Neurobiol Ageing Grp, Oxford, England.
    Filippini, Nicola
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Neurobiol Ageing Grp, Oxford, England.
    Kerleau, Clarisse
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Montpellier, MMDN, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France.
    Verdier, Jean-Michel
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Montpellier, MMDN, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France.
    Virtanen, Marianna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Public Health.
    Gabelle, Audrey
    Univ Montpellier, Memory Resources & Res Ctr Alzheimers Dis & Relat, Dept Neurol, Gui de Chauliac Hosp, INSERM, U1183, Montpellier, France.
    Ebmeier, Klaus
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Neurobiol Ageing Grp, Oxford, England.
    Kivimäki, Mika
    UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England.
    Association of Long-Term Diet Quality with Hippocampal Volume: Longitudinal Cohort Study2018In: American Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0002-9343, E-ISSN 1555-7162, Vol. 131, no 11, p. 1372-1381.e4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diet quality is associated with brain aging outcomes. However, few studies have explored in humans the brain structures potentially affected by long-term diet quality. We examined whether cumulative average of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) score during adult life (an 11-year exposure period) is associated with hippocampal volume.

    Methods: Analyses were based on data from 459 participants of the Whitehall II imaging sub-study (mean age [standard deviation] (SD) = 59.6 [5.3] years in 2002-2004, 19.2% women). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed at the end of follow-up (2015-2016). Structural images were acquired using a high-resolution 3-dimensional T1-weighted sequence and processed with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library (FSL) tools. An automated model-based segmentation and registration tool was applied to extract hippocampal volumes.

    Results: Higher AHEI-2010 cumulative average score (reflecting long-term healthy diet quality) was associated with a larger total hippocampal volume. For each 1 SD (SD = 8.7 points) increment in AHEI-2010 score, an increase of 92.5 mm3 (standard error = 42.0 mm3) in total hippocampal volume was observed. This association was independent of sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, physical activity, cardiometabolic health factors, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms, and was more pronounced in the left hippocampus than in the right hippocampus. Of the AHEI-2010 components, no or light alcohol consumption was independently associated with larger hippocampal volume.

    Conclusions: Higher long-term AHEI-2010 scores were associated with larger hippocampal volume. Accounting for the importance of hippocampal structures in several neuropsychiatric diseases, our findings reaffirm the need to consider adherence to healthy dietary recommendation in multi-interventional programs to promote healthy brain aging.

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  • 35.
    Akesson, Agneta
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Donat-Vargas, Carolina
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Berglund, Marika
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Glynn, Anders
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biomed Sci & Vet Publ Hlth, Box 7028, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Wolk, Alicja
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kippler, Maria
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of heart failure - A population-based prospective cohort study2019In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 126, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Beneficial effects of fish consumption on heart failure (HF) may be modified by contaminants in fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of particular concern as they have been associated with well-established risk factors of HF, but current data are limited. Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between dietary PCB exposure and risk of HF, accounting for dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids. Design: We used the prospective population-based research structure SIMPLER (previously the Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men) comprising 32,952 women and 36,546 men, free from cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline in 1997. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of HF were ascertained through register linkage. Results: During an average of 12 years of follow-up, we ascertained 2736 and 3128 incident cases of HF in women and men, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted models, mutually adjusted for PCBs and EPA-DHA, the relative risk (RR) for dietary PCB exposure was 1.48 (95% CI 1.12-1.96) in women and 1.42 (95% CI 1.08-1.86) in men, comparing extreme quintiles. Corresponding RRs for EPA-DHA intake were 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.93) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.63-1.07), respectively. Conclusions: Dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased risk of HF in both women and men. EPA-DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of HF in women, with a similar tendency in men.

  • 36. Akesson, Agneta
    et al.
    Weismayer, Christoph
    Newby, P. K.
    Wolk, Alicja
    Combined effect of low-risk dietary and lifestyle behaviors in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in women2007In: Archives of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0003-9926, E-ISSN 1538-3679, Vol. 167, no 19, p. 2122-2127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Limited data are available on the benefit of combining healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors in the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) in women. Methods: We used factor analysis to identify a lowrisk behavior - based dietary pattern in 24 444 postmenopausal women from the population- based prospective Swedish Mammography Cohort who were free of diagnosed cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus at baseline (September 15, 1997). We also defined 3 low- risk lifestyle factors: nonsmoking, waist- hip ratio less than the 75th percentile (< 0.85), and being physically active (at least 40 minutes of daily walking or bicycling and 1 hour of weekly exercise). Results: During 6.2 years (151 434 person- years) of followup, we ascertained 308 cases of primary MI. Two major identified dietary patterns, "healthy" and "alcohol," were significantly associated with decreased risk of MI. The low- risk diet (high scores for the healthy dietary pattern) characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fish, and legumes, in combination with moderate alcohol consumption (>= 5 g of alcohol per day), along with the 3 low-risk lifestyle behaviors, was associated with 92% decreased risk (95% confidence interval, 72%- 98%) compared with findings in women without any low-risk diet and lifestyle factors. This combination of healthy behaviors, present in 5%, may prevent 77% of MIs in the study population. Conclusion: Most MIs in women may be preventable by consuming a healthy diet and moderate amounts of alcohol, being physically active, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight.

  • 37.
    Akner, Gunnar
    Örebro University ; Karolinska Institutet.
    Klinisk nutrition har svag ställning i vårdsystemet2015In: Äldre i centrum, ISSN 1653-3585, no 1, p. 15-17Article, review/survey (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    »Många studier genom åren har visat att inte ens en så enkel och lätt bestämd variabel som kroppsvikt registreras och analyseras tydligt över tid.«

    Man försöker trycka in kvalitet i klinisk nutrition i ett vårdsystem som inte är förberett på saken. Detta i en situation med a) brist på infrastruktur i vården, b) brist på utbildning/träning i klinisk nutrition hos personalen och c) avsaknad av en medicinsk specialitet för klinisk nutrition. Det skriver professor Gunnar Akner i en debatterande översiktsartikel.

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  • 38.
    Akner, Gunnar
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Klinisk nutrition har svag ställning i vårdsystemet2015In: Äldre i centrum, ISSN 1653-3585, no 1, p. 15-17Article, review/survey (Other academic)
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  • 39.
    Akner, Gunnar
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
    Orsaker till mat- och nutritionsproblem inom äldrevården samt förslag till utveckling och förbättringsarbete2006In: Nordisk Geriatrik, no 4, p. 36-41Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 40.
    Akner, Gunnar
    et al.
    Örebro University ; Karolinska Institutet.
    Boström, Anne-Marie
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Krachler, Benno
    Kalix sjukhus.
    Orrevall, Ylva
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Rundgren, Åke
    University of Gothenburg.
    Sahlin, Nils-Eric
    Lund University.
    Kosttillägg för undernärda äldre: en systematisk litteraturöversikt2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 41.
    Akner, Gunnar
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences. Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Boström, Anne-Marie
    Inst. NVS, sektionen för omvårdnad, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Krachler, Benno
    Medicinkliniken, Kalix sjukhus, Kalix, Sverige.
    Orrevall, Ylva
    Dietistkliniken, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sverige.
    Rundgren, Åke
    Enheten för geriatrik Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg, Sverige.
    Sahlin, Nils-Eric
    Avd. för medicinsk etik, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Gyllensvärd, Harald
    Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Kosttillägg för undernärda äldre: en systematisk litteraturöversikt.2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 42.
    Akner, Gunnar
    et al.
    Örebro University Hospital.
    Ellegård, Lars
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital ; Swedish Society for Clinical Nutrition.
    Klinisk nutrition bör återinföras som medicinsk specialitet2011In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 108, p. 1770-1770Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Akner, Gunnar
    et al.
    Örebro universitet.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet. Kristianstad University, Resrarch environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Humanvetenskap.
    Multisjuka och bräckliga äldre2015In: Mat och hälsa: en klinisk handbok, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2015, p. 105-108-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Akpan, Edifofon
    et al.
    Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia..
    Hossain, Sheikh Jamal
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Child Health and Nutrition. Bangladesh Icddr B, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.;Uppsala Univ, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Devine, Angela
    Univ Melbourne, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Div Global & Trop Hlth, Darwin, NT, Australia..
    Braat, Sabine
    Univ Melbourne, Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Populat Hlth & Immun Div, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Peter Doherty Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia..
    Hasan, Mohammed, I
    Bangladesh Icddr B, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Tipu, S. M. Mulk Uddin
    Bangladesh Icddr B, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Bhuiyan, Mohammad Saiful Alam
    Bangladesh Icddr B, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Hamadani, Jena D.
    Bangladesh Icddr B, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Biggs, Beverley-Ann
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Peter Doherty Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia..
    Pasricha, Sant-Rayn
    Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Populat Hlth & Immun Div, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Royal Melbourne Hosp, Diagnost Hematol, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Peter MacCallum Canc Ctr, Clin Hematol, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Royal Melbourne Hosp, Parkville, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia..
    Carvalho, Natalie
    Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia..
    Cost-effectiveness of universal iron supplementation and iron-containing micronutrient powders for anemia among young children in rural Bangladesh: analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial2022In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 116, no 5, p. 1303-1313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Universal provision of iron supplements or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is widely used to prevent anemia in young children in low- and middle-income countries. The BRISC (Benefits and Risks of Iron Interventions in Children) trial compared iron supplements and MNPs with placebo in children <2 y old in rural Bangladesh. Objectives: We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of iron supplements or iron-containing MNPs among young children in rural Bangladesh. Methods: We did a cost-effectiveness analysis of MNPs and iron supplements using the BRISC trial outcomes and resource use data, and programmatic data from the literature. Health care costs were assessed from a health system perspective. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in terms of US$ per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. To explore uncertainty, we constructed cost-effectiveness acceptability curves using bootstrapped data over a range of cost-effectiveness thresholds. One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses tested the impact of varying key parameter values on our results. Results: Provision of MNPs was estimated to avert 0.0031 (95% CI: 0.0022, 0.0041) DALYs/child, whereas iron supplements averted 0.0039 (95% CI: 0.0030, 0.0048) DALYs/child, over 1 y compared with no intervention. Incremental mean costs were $0.75 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.77) for MNPs compared with no intervention and $0.64 ($0.62, $0.67) for iron supplements compared with no intervention. Iron supplementation dominated MNPs because it was cheaper and averted more DALYs. Iron supplementation had an ICER of $1645 ($1333, $2153) per DALY averted compared with no intervention, and had a 0% probability of being the optimal strategy at cost-effectiveness thresholds of $200 (reflecting health opportunity costs in Bangladesh) and $985 [half of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita] per DALY averted. Scenario and sensitivity analyses supported the base case findings. Conclusions: These findings do not support universal iron supplementation or micronutrient powders as a cost-effective intervention for young children in rural Bangladesh.

  • 45.
    Al-Adili, Lina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics. uppsala university.
    The evaluation process of nutrition interventions for patients at risk of malnutrition: From a person-centred perspective2023Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is aimed at exploring the process of evaluating nutrition interventions for patients at risk of malnutrition from a person-centred perspective. 

    An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the International Nutrition Care Process and Terminology Implementation Survey (INIS). Associations between the reported documentation of goals and outcomes and the reported implementation of the nutrition care process and its terminology, demographic factors, and factors associated with the workplace were explored. Responses were received from 347 Scandinavian dietitians. Strong associations were found between the implementation of nutrition monitoring and evaluation terminology and the documentation of goals and outcomes. Standardisation may support the documentation of goals and outcomes, and improve nutrition monitoring and evaluation. 

    Focus group interviews were held with Swedish dietitians working in hospital and primary healthcare settings. The dietitians’ reflections on the process of nutrition monitoring and evaluation (Paper II) and the goal-setting process (Paper III) with patients at risk of malnutrition in nutrition intervention were explored. A lack of routine and structure in the process of evaluation and a lack of shared decision-making (SDM) in goal-setting was found. Dietitians described qualitative subjective outcomes as being most important to patients but that these are only implied in the nutrition intervention. They highlighted discrepancies between their clinically oriented goals and the patients’ own goals. The clarification of patients’ perspectives in the evaluation process is necessary to promote person-centredness, improve communication, and support the evidence-informed practice of nutrition intervention.

    An interview study with patients at risk of malnutrition was conducted. Patients’ experiences, perspectives and needs concerning goals in nutrition intervention were explored. Patients rarely reflected on goals in nutrition interventions, instead they described striving towards increased strength and energy. Goal-setting is part of the dietitian’s structured way of working, while the patient’s life-world is complex and unstructured. Elucidating patients’ goals may counteract the discrepancies between the dietitians’ clinically oriented goals and patients’ perspectives.

    In summary, this thesis highlights the need for tools and strategies for the improvement of the evaluation process in nutrition intervention. The person-centred practice of the evaluation process is described in this thesis as key to improving this process. This can be achieved through exploring what matters to patients in terms of perspectives, goals, and priorities, creating partnerships through involving patients in goal-setting and communicating feedback, and documenting and evaluating outcomes that are meaningful to patients.  

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  • 46.
    Al-Adili, Lina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Boström, Anne‐Marie
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden;Theme Inflammation and Aging Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden;Research and Development Unit Stockholms Sjukhem Stockholm Sweden;Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden.
    Orrevall, Ylva
    Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden;Medical Unit Clinical Nutrition Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden.
    Lang, Nanna R.
    Department of Nutrition and Health VIA University College Denmark.
    Peersen, Charlotte
    Department of Unit for Service and Intern Control Department of Service and Quality, Trondheim Municipality Trondheim Norway.
    Persson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Thoresen, Lene
    Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway.
    Lövestam, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Self‐reported documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care: A cross‐sectional survey study of Scandinavian dietitians2023In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 472-485Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care in Electronic Health Records is insufficient making further exploration of this of particular interest. Identifying common features in documentation practice among Scandinavian dietitians might provide information that can support improvement in this area.

    Aims

    To explore the associations between clinical dietitians' self-reported documentation of patients' goals and outcomes and demographic factors, self-reported implementation of the systematic framework the Nutrition Care Process 4th step (NCP) and its associated terminology, and factors associated with the workplace.

    Methods

    Data from a cross-sectional study based on a previously tested web-based survey (INIS) disseminated in 2017 to dietitians in Scandinavia (n = 494) was used. Respondents were recruited through e-mail lists, e-newsletters and social media groups for dietitians. Associations between countries regarding the reported documentation of goals and outcomes, implementation levels of the NCP 4th step, demographic information and factors associated with the workplace were measured through Chi-square test. Associations between dependent- and independent variables were measured through logistic regression analysis.

    Results

    Clinically practicing dietitians (n = 347) working in Scandinavia, Sweden (n = 249), Norway (n = 60), Denmark (n = 38), who had completed dietetic education participated. The reported documentation of goals and outcomes from nutrition intervention was highly associated with the reported implementation of NCP 4th step terminology (OR = 5.26; p = 0.009, OR = 3.56; p = 0.003), support from the workplace (OR = 4.0, p < 0.001, OR = 8.89, p < 0.001) and area of practice (OR = 2.02, p = 0.017). Years since completed dietetic training and educational level did not have any significant associations with documentation practice regarding goals and outcomes.

    Conclusion

    Findings highlight strong associations between the implementation of the NCP 4th step terminology and the documentation of goals and outcomes. Strategies to support dietitians in using standardized terminology and the development of tools for comprehensive documentation of evaluation of goals and outcome are required.

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  • 47.
    Al-Adili, Lina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    McGreevy, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland. Nyköping Hosp, Dept Dietet, S-61185 Nyköping, Sweden..
    Orrevall, Ylva
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Med Unit Clin Nutr, Womens Hlth & Allied Hlth Profess Theme, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nydahl, Margaretha
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Bostrom, Anne-Marie
    Karolinska Inst, Div Nursing, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Huddinge, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Theme Inflammat & Aging, Huddinge, Sweden.;Stockholms Sjukhem, Res & Dev Unit, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lövestam, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Setting goals with patients at risk of malnutrition: A focus group study with clinical dietitians2022In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 105, no 7, p. 2103-2109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Setting goals collaboratively with patients is a key aspect in shared decision-making (SDM) in malnutrition interventions. The aim, therefore, was to gain an understanding of clinical dietitians' reflections regarding the process of goal-setting with patients at risk of malnutrition.

    Methods: Six semi-structured audio-recorded focus group discussions were held with registered dietitians (n = 29) from primary healthcare and hospitals in Sweden. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically to find patterns in the data and identify themes.

    Results: Dietitians expressed striving to explore patients' narratives, capabilities, and resources before deciding on goals. They described different strategies in counseling patients and a lack of patient participation in the goal setting. They emphasized the difficulties of setting feasible goals due to discrepancies between their clinically oriented goals and patients' personal goals.

    Conclusion: Findings highlight a gap in the process of setting goals for patients at risk of malnutrition, where patients' participation was lacking. Education in SDM, and strategies and tools to support dietitians in involving patients in goal-setting, are required to bridge the gap and promote person-centeredness. Practice implications: Findings may be further used to develop tools and strategies, and design studies on the implementation of and education in SDM and goal-setting for malnutrition interventions.

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  • 48.
    Al‐Adili, Lina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics.
    Nordgren, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland.
    Ylva, Orrevall
    McGreevy, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics.
    Lövestam, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics.
    Nutrition intervention goals from the perspectives of patients at risk of malnutrition; a qualitative study.Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Nutrition counselling is characterized by a collaborative approach whereby the patient and the dietitian establish goals that promote health and self-management.  Little is known about goal-setting in nutrition interventions of patients at risk of malnutrition. This study describes the perspectives and needs of patients at risk of malnutrition regarding goals of nutrition interventions.

    Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients from three primary care centres and one hospital in mid-Sweden. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify themes and patterns in the data. 

    Results: Findings highlight that the participants rarely reflected on their personal goals of the nutrition intervention. Instead, they strived to maintain strength and energy, with the nutrition counselling being seen as supportive in managing nutrition impact symptoms. They described discrepancies between their perspectives and the dietitian’s regarding weight goals and the diet prescribed to gain weight.

    Conclusion: Elucidating patients’ goals is key to counteracting the discrepancies between the dietitians’ clinically oriented goals and patients’ perspectives. New strategies and tools that support collaborative goal-setting in nutrition interventions are needed to provide person-centred nutrition care.

  • 49.
    Al-Adili, Lina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Orrevall, Ylva
    McGreevy, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics. Department of Dietetics, Nyköping Hospital, Nyköping, Sweden.
    Nydahl, Margaretha
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Boström, Anne-Marie
    Lövestam, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Discrepancy in the evaluation of explicit and implicit nutrition care outcomes for patients at risk of malnutrition: A qualitative study2022In: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics, ISSN 0952-3871, E-ISSN 1365-277X, Vol. 35, no 3, p. 494-503Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Nutrition care plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, although the challenge to establish the precise impact of a nutrition intervention on patient outcomes remains. Malnutrition can be associated with diverse underlying diseases and an increased risk of complications, which increases the difficulty of monitoring and evaluating the nutrition intervention. The aim is to gain an understanding of dietitians' reflections concerning nutrition care outcomes of interventions in patients at risk of malnutrition.

    METHODS: Six semi-structured audio-recorded focus group discussions with registered dietitians from primary healthcare and hospitals (n = 29) in Sweden were held at the dietitians' place of work or at the University. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically to reveal patterns in the data and identify themes and subthemes.

    RESULTS: The dietitians described an approach to nutrition monitoring and evaluation of patients at risk of malnutrition that was categorised into three themes: (i) quantitative explicit outcomes, based on objective measures and described as rigorous; (ii) quantitative estimated outcomes, based on estimates and described as less rigorous and (iii) qualitative implicit outcomes, based on patients' subjective perceptions and experiences of their health and described as difficult to measure.

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the need for new strategies to promote systematic and comprehensive nutrition monitoring and evaluation.

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  • 50.
    Albenny, Dimah
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Reducing meat consumption: a mixed methods study investigating attitudes of young adult omnivores2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Meat is one of the most nourishing and highly consumed foods, but the controversy around theconsumption of meat products, and the negative effects around the consumption of meatproducts led to increased scholarly attention on the user willingness to alter their meatconsumption. In Sweden, a guideline by the Livsmedelsverket (The Swedish National Food Agency) in 2015 encouraged people to consume less red and processed meat. This was because 72 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women in Sweden have individual consumption levels that exceed the 500 grams per week of red and processed meats as recommended by the World Cancer Research Fund.

    Objective

    This planned mixed-methods study inquires about the attitudes of young adult omnivorestowards the reduction of meat intake, their expected liking of changing dietary habits, andmotivation towards the reduction of meat consumption in Sweden. Changing dietary habits inthe current context refers to the participant’s willingness to favour meat alternatives.

    Methods

    The current study is a convergent mixed method design using both a quantitative survey andqualitative interviews to collect primary data.

    Results and conclusion

    The participants from both the qualitative and quantitative study are broadly worried about thehealth problems associated with high meat consumption and motivation for reducing meatconsumption was based on health as well as ethical issues. Being opposed to reducing meatconsumption is a common position for young adult omnivores. 

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