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  • 1.
    Abbasi, Mazhar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Dawit Ghebreigziabher, Kibret
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Objektklassificerad modellering och effektivisering avmängduttag2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The lack of fluent communication in the building industry has caught people’s attention because of

    time-based costs appearing in 2D and 3D modelling and takeoffs. These costs emerge in construction

    when miscommunication takes place between professionals in different projects.

    A research study of the subject has revealed the reason behind the current days’ miscommunication

    issues. The study shows that although the professionals tend to have an efficient way of working, the

    result isn’t very beneficial for the next man. Therefore a conclusion of the issue creates a demand for a

    mutual language in modelling and better softwares for takeoffs.

    This report’s results, with regards to optimization of modeling, has brought to light the use for the

    objectclassificationsystem BIP. These BIP-codes are used for branding objects in models of which the

    branding consists of unique codes. The code of every individual object has the purpose of being

    recognized by every project member and remain the same throughout the project.

    The proposal for the optimization of takeoffs is a software called VICO Office. The software contains

    well-advised methods for the import of models and close to automated takeoffs of these models.

    In conclusion, the study implies that there is sufficient motive to question the old ways of working and

    that light should be shed on new approaches. Technology and the industry face a constant change and

    the efficiency of current methods are never far away.

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  • 2.
    Abbasi, Mozaffer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Analys och implementering av VSL-System i FEM-Design för kontroll av stabiliserande effekt: En undersökning i syfte att fastlägga effekten av VSL-kablar i FEM-Design för att utvärdera dess stabiliserande påverkan.2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 3.
    Abdali, Yasser
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Holm, Lovisa
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    En jämförelse mellan Tekla Structures och Civil 3D i krökta betongkonstruktioner2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Within the construction industry, there is a lot of discussion around BIM (Building InformationModelling). There is a need to move away from customized 2D-drawings and instead focus oninformative models which can be used throughout the whole cycle of construction. This developmenthas been ongoing within house construction, but this approach is harder to implement within thefacility sector.The difficulty in implementing a more BIM-oriented approach within construction is partly due tosoftware currently not being fully developed to create informative and reliable models of constructionswith complex geometries, such as bridges.Since Trafikverket, the largest construction developer within Sweden, has started to place a largerdemand on 3D there is a need for both technology and human resource to develop.The aim of this dissertation is to present a case study investigating the suitability of the software TeklaStructure and AutoCAD Civil 3D to perform a 3D-model of a double-curved bridge. The two pieces ofsoftware will be contrasted in a final comparison whereby both pros and cons will be presented.The study has made it clear that BIM is not just about creating an informative model, but it is alsoabout an approach which has the ability to completely change the construction sector to work morecollaboratively and effectively.The comparison between the two relevant software in this study shows that they both have strengthsand weaknesses and are suitable for our purpose. However, they differ in how detailed models theycan create and how well they have the ability to work with BIM to a greater extent.

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  • 4.
    Abdeljaber, Osama
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Dorn, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Brandt, Anders
    University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Scaling an OMA Modal Model of a Wood Building Using OMAH and a Small Shaker2020In: Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing: Volyme 8 / [ed] Dilworth B., Mains M., Springer, 2020, p. 151-157Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Operational modal analysis, OMA, results in unscaled mode shapes, since no forces are measured. Yet, obtaining a scaled modal model, i.e. knowing the modal mass of each mode (assuming proportional damping), is essential in many cases for structural health monitoring and load estimation. Several methods have therefore recently been developed for this purpose. The so-called OMAH method is a recently developed method for scaling OMA models, based on harmonic excitation of the structure. A number of frequencies are excited, one by one, and for each frequency, one or more frequency response values are calculated, that are then used for estimation of the modal masses of each mode, and residual effects of modes outside the frequency of interest. In the present paper, measurements were made on a four-story office building which was excited with a small, 200 N sine peak electrodynamic shaker. It is demonstrated that this small shaker was sufficient to excite the building with a force level of approx.. 1.8 N RMS close to the first eigenfrequency of the building, which was sufficient to produce harmonic response across the building. Reliable modal masses were possible to obtain within an accuracy of 6%. This demonstrates the feasibility of the OMAH method.

  • 5.
    Abdinasser, Ahmed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tabatabaei, Sara
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Samverkan av jord och ovanliggande struktur i FEM-program: En studie av nya jordmodeller I FE-programmet 3D- Structure2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    De senaste åren har det funnits olika företag som har tillverkat avancerade mjukvaror inom byggbranschen. En del av mjukvaror är avsedd att skapa 2D ritningar och 3D modeller. Med hjälp av dessa verktyg har ingenjörer och arkitekter snabbt och enkelt skapat ritningar och modeller för projektering av konstruktioner. Utvecklingen inom detta område kallas BIM. Byggnadsinformationsmodellering, BIM, stödjer design av en byggnad genom alla faser och möjliggör bättre konstruktions-, tillverknings- och inköpsaktiviteter.

    Andra mjukvaror är tilltänkt att förutse hur en struktur reagerar på verkliga laster, vibrationer, värme och andra fysiska effekter. För detta används finita elementmetod, där kommer strukturen analyseras i element för ett noggrannare resultat. En utveckling inom detta område har också skett. Företaget Strusoft AB utvecklar FE-verktyg för analys av struktur. Den senaste nyheten är modul för beräkning av samverkan mellan struktur, grundläggning och undergrunden i form av jord. Modulen kallas 3D-Soil och används enligt Strusoft för modellering och analys av geokonstruktioner.

    I denna rapport redovisas modellering av en struktur och underliggande jord med finit elementanalysprogrammet, FEM-Design som är försett med den nya modulen 3D-Soil för geotekniska beräkningar.

    Målet är att jämföra resultat för moment utifrån samverkanskrafter mellan jord och struktur i FEM-Design med ett annat FEM-program, Lusas. Till skillnad från FEM-Design appliceras jord- och vattentryck som utbredd last i Lusas.

    Resultaten visar att det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan resultaten från analysprogrammen och det finns begränsningar i modelleringsverktyget som behöver utvecklas vidare.

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  • 6.
    Abdula, Sham
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Oksman, Dan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Attefallshus som komplementbostadshus: Drömhus eller mardröm?2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den 2 juli 2014 blev det enligt lag tillåtet för en- och tvåbostadshusägare att uppföra en bygglovsbefriad komplementbyggnad på max 25 kvadratmeter på den egna fastigheten. Rapporten undersöker vilket genomslag lagändringen har haft i Stor-Stockholm, Stor-Göteborg och Stor-Malmö. Undersökningen visar att lagändringen ännu inte har haft något stort genomslag. I rapporten undersöks även en utvald del av marknadsaktörers utbud av attefallshus avsett som komplementbostadshus. 

    Ett attefallshus utformas med miljövänligt hållbara material och inspireras av Vitruvius tre principer för god arkitektur. Huset konstrueras med avsikt att uppfylla kraven som ställs i PBL, PBF, BBR och EKS. Målet med de framtagna bygghandlingarna är att få startbesked från byggnadsnämnden i Växjö. 

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  • 7.
    Abdulkareem, Rawa
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering and Lighting Science.
    Gherghiceanu, Marian
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering and Lighting Science.
    Evaluations of Product Data Template initiatives2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry has been undergoing a significant digitaliza-tion process in the last years. This transformation implies new challenges and adaptation concerning the ex-change of data between different software applications. Therefore, in response to this problem the benefits of IFC as a solution for the exchange of data have been investigated. However, the current versions of IFC cannot achieve semantic clarity in mapping entities and relationships. Therefore, there have been several attempts to develop solutions and optimizing methods to improve the exchange of information of product data. This paper aims to identify and investigate the challenges of using product data templates (PDT) for exchange of infor-mation and different PDT has been evaluated and compared. The necessary data was collected through literature review and document analysis. Five challenges and five initiatives were identified during the literature review. The five initiatives are Semantic web and linked data, CoClass, Buildingsmart, COBie and Cobuilder. The result showed how these initiatives could solve the identified challenges. 

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  • 8.
    Abdulkhalik, Lauko
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Samuelsson, Paula
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Ekonomiska konsekvenser vid stambyten som berör skyddsrum: -en förtydligande studie av fyra typfall2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det här examensarbetet behandlar stambyten som passerar skyddsrum.Skyddsrum användas som skyddsutrymme för människor vid behov under nödsituationer. Deflesta skyddsrummen byggdes under 1951-1974 och de är i behov av underhåll ochrenovering.På grund av strikta lagar blir alla renoveringar som berör skyddsrum väldigt kostsamma förfastighetsägare.Studien undersöker fyra typfall av renoveringar och reder ut lagar. Förhoppningsvis blir deanvändbart för fastighetsägare för att förstå kostnaderna kring stambyten som berörskyddsrum.

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  • 9.
    Abdullah, Sara
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Al Qarghulli, Ahmed
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Majzoub, Nour Eddin
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kommunikation på en byggarbetsplats2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a great need for a well-functioning communication in the construction industry, with the reason that it is an extensive industry where many different professional roles are involved. Communication can be lacking in many areas and can turn into negative effects on a project. In the construction industry, unpredictable changes often occur, which can make effective communication more difficult to achieve.

    This study is about understanding how communication can be challenging and affect construction projects during production. The purpose of this study is to find measures to prevent lack of communication and carefully study whether it can increase involvement, community, and motivation on a construction site, by examining and analyzing how information is disseminated among involved parties in a project under production.

    The study answers the following questions:

    • How do you communicate on a construction site?
    • Does communication increase involvement, community, and motivation on a construction site?
    • Can you save money by increasing communication skills at the construction site?

    Qualitative interviews were conducted on some employees at GH Olofsson Bygg & Entreprenad AB to create an idea of how communication works and is experienced in their workplace.

    The result of the interviews showed that communication was in some cases less good and that misunderstandings arose many times. The study delves into how communication is experienced and processed and how to make it more efficient. It also delves into which communication methods are used and which are most suitable in different situations. The results indicate that the most appreciated way to communicate is face-to-face meetings. However, it turned out that this method of communication is not always appropriate as factors such as time pressure or sudden changes may occur.

    One measure that is discussed in the study is, among other things, that all employees at the company must complete a course that deals with the value of communication and how it can be applied in a way to reduce misunderstandings. By implementing that measure, communication deficiencies can be prevented from the beginning. As a result of this measure, money can be saved in the long run even though it can be costly in the beginning.

  • 10.
    Abdulle, Adan
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Ali Ahmed, Adnan
    DIGITALISERINGENS EFFEKT PÅ BYGGPRDUKTIONEN: En studie om fördelarna och utmaningar med digitalisering i produktionsmiljö samt hur digitaliseringen kan påskyndas.2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the positive impact of digitization on the production environment and challenges that may come along with digitalization. This study goes further on to looking into how to increase the use of digital tools. Method: The method used in this study is mainly based on an interview study, where interviews are carried out with expertise of the field of digitization. Literature study was used to compliment the interview study with previous scientific studies on the field. The literature used is based on scientific articles, reports, government reports and relevant previous studies related to the subject. Results: The results from the interview study showed that the use of digital tools had positive impact on the construction stage. The most important benefit of digitization is the information management. There are also economical and work environmental benefits as well as higher work productivity. However, there are no exact figures showing these profits. The result also shows what challenges can be encountered and how these challenges can be best avoided. In addition, this study highlights how the industry should go about increasing the use of digital tools. Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn are that digitization has positive impact in construction, but challenges can arise. These challenges can be avoided through cooperation between companies and participantes to achieve a more digitized construction stage.

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  • 11.
    Abed, Mohamad Samir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Hosseinzade, Azita
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Parameterstyrd projektering av broar: Koppling mellan Rhinoceros-Grasshopper och Tekla Structures2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    New methods for project designing in the building construction industry have been developed by introducing modern and powerful BIM tools. Several of today’s constructions are designed according to three-dimensional principles.Tekla Structures is a powerful BIM tool that is capable of managing both house and infrastructure constructions. Despite this, the program cannot handle bridges with a horizontal and vertical curvature efficiently. The designers must instead rely on several other applications to manage complex bridge constructions.In order to use the advantages of Tekla Structures, the software needs to be evolved or complimented by other third party softwares. This project aims to integrate new working technics and introduce a method based on parametric design in Tekla Structures. Such form of modeling enables the modification of parameters to a desired model for the user.A script is created through a visual programming extension that generates a parametric based bridge models. The bridge type in this project was designed, is an integral bridge.The project has proved that parametric based design is more effectively and a solution to manage bridges with horizontal and vertical curvature.

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  • 12.
    Abi-Khalil, Pierre
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Abdulahad, Zuhair
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Stadsutveckling i mellanstora städer: En studie om förtätning i centrala Norrköping ur ett socialt och ekologiskt perspektiv2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Planners in Norrköping municipality today facing a challenge to meet Norrköping'sneeds in the housing market, while at the same time achieving demand for public places and areas such as parks, squares and nature areas. When existing areas within the city's borders are built, so-called densification takes place in the city, whichcan have both positive and negative consequences. The aim of this study is to investigatehow the densification has affected Norrköping's inner city from a social and ecologicalperspective with a focus on free space, and present proposals for measures forbetter management of the densification in central Norrköping.

    This study has mainly been carried out using a qualitative research method.A qualitative study is based on soft data such as interviews, document analysis and literature studies. The interviews have been conducted with respondents from Norrköpings municipality and the document analysis consists of steering documents obtained from Norrköpings municipality and Pontarius AB. Some data is obtained from documents and studies where results are presented in the form of tables, diagrams, figures and GIS analysis, which means that quantitative methods are also applied.

    To perform a safer densification, it is important that the municipality establishes safe guidelines and steering documents to relate to. These control documents should be used as a framework for efficient exploitation and ensure that the city's freeareas are developed from a sustainable perspective and that a good quality is includedin the development.

    It is advantageous that the development of the densification takes placeaccording to guidelines and documentation prepared by the municipality. To ensure maximum efficiency in exploitation, these guidelines should be followed at an early stage. It is also important that there is a balance of free space size and their quality. Too small a surface leads to a higher load and larger surfaces can be perceived as superfluousand a feeling of unsecure. It is recommended to study how the densification developsin connection with the infrastructure and how it will affect free and green areas in the long run.

    This study is limited to only the inner city of Norrköping. The study also delimits economic and political factors that can influence the planning of the densification and the development of the city’s infrastructure and public transport.

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  • 13.
    Abkar, Mahdi Mohammed Abdullah
    et al.
    Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
    Yunus, Riduan
    Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
    Al-Shameri, Ahmed Saleh Ahmed Saif
    Faculty of Technology Management & Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
    Harouache, Ahmed
    Faculty of Technology Management & Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Parit Raja, Malaysia.
    Gamil, Yaser
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Structural and Fire Engineering. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
    An empirical investigation of automation technology as material waste mitigation measure at Johor construction sites2023In: Frontiers in Built Environment, E-ISSN 2297-3362, Vol. 9, article id 1232195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Automation technology in the construction industry is the use of advanced tools, devices, and processes that reduce manual labor and enhance efficiency in various construction activities. Automation technology can minimize waste, optimize resource utilization, and reduce the environmental impact of construction processes. This study aims to examine the relationship between automation technology adoptions (ATAs) utilizing reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R), building information modeling (BIM), industrialized building systems (IBSs), green building index (GBI), and Internet of Things (IoT) practices toward construction site performance (CSP) to measure their influences on material waste mitigation measures at Johor construction sites. To achieve these goals, five hypotheses were developed to explore the association between ATA and CSP. Data were gathered utilizing an online survey. The participants were contractors and expert practitioners in the Johor construction industry, including architects, project managers, and academicians/researchers. A total of 257 valid responses were used to investigate the assumptions. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) procedure was used. The findings revealed that ATA utilizing 3R, BIM, IBS, GBI, and IoT as material mitigation measures positively enhances CSP.

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  • 14. Aboona, Yousi
    et al.
    Tummings, Alexander
    Effektivisering inom bygglogistik: En fallstudie över bygglogistiksproblem under produktionsprocess2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the construction sector there are currently high demands regarding short project times. As a result of this, the constructer demands lower costs, which in itself leads to challenges to meet the requirements. Other contributing factors to difficult-to-achieve requirements are changed project conditions and varying material flows. As a result, the majority of all recent reports have been identified as logistics-related problems.

    In order to streamline the production process and meet the planned requirements, it is required to logistically plan the project at an early stage by having good planning, good communication and cooperation at the construction site. A large part of logistics is covered by planning and utilizing transport and material deliveries in an efficient way.

    The purpose of this degree project is to investigate how construction logistics work at Veiddekkke's workplaces, where one of their ongoing projects includes OKQ8 in Karlstad. This is to be able to identify the logistics problems that may arise during the project and for what reasons.

    After identifying the logistical problems that may arise at the construction site, the goal is to develop proposals and implement these proposal solutions in order to avoid these problems recurring in future construction projects.

    At the beginning of this thesis, an extensive literature study was conducted based on various books, reports and research articles to obtain as much knowledge as possible in the field. To gather the necessary information about the OKQ8 project, a case study was conducted at the construction site. The methods used for data collection were surveys, interviews, observations, and work diaries. Site manager and supervisor were interviewed, and different types of observations were made at the workplace.

    The results show that the construction logistics at Veidekke work well in general, but sometimes problems arise during the production process which can affect the project. The two major types of problems identified are transport and material deliveries. However, there are also other types of factors that can affect construction logistics, such as poor communication and poor planning.

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    Effektivisering inom bygglogistik
  • 15.
    Abou Khalil, Basel
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics (MTM).
    Tokovic, Samir
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics (MTM).
    Jämförelse mellan betong och klimatförbättrad betong: Livscykelanalys inkluderande byggskede A1-5 och driftsenergi B6 i flerbostadshus2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Concrete is a leading building material due to its durability, strength and carrying capacity etcetera. A weakness of concrete is it´s relatively large carbon dioxide emissions that are released during the production process. At this current time cement production accounts to 5% of the world's GHG emissions. Boverket has set a specific requirement that new buildings must be climate declared as a guide to more sustainable construction.

    This  study  aims  to  investigate  and  use  a  model-based  LCA-assessments  where climate- improved concrete is compared to a traditional concrete. This was done by examining a BIM- model.

    The  possibility  of  improving  the  environmental  impact  is  answered  by  producing carbon dioxide emissions equivalent for concrete in this property and comparing it with carbon dioxide emissions  equivalent  for  a  climate-improved  concrete  to  show  a potential  carbon  dioxide saving.

    A quantitative method is selected for this study using LCA. LCA-assessment is performed using several computer-based BIM programs to be able to produce simulations and calculations. A reference building that represents an ordinary apartment building in Sweden forms the basis of the assessment.

    LCA is based on only one environmental indicator which is carbon dioxide emissions. LCA assessment for the two types of concrete include the construction phase A1-A5 as well as the phase B6 operating energy according to Swedish standard SS-EN 15978: 2011. No account is taken of any differences in strength, fire class and sound class when exchanging materials. LCC limits to utility calculation.

    Results shows the total price increases by approximately SEK 49,000 if the ordinary concrete is replaced with a climate-improved concrete, and the carbon dioxide emissions is reduced by approximately 57,000 kgCO2e.

    Reduction in the climate-impact of concrete partly helps in the climate policy framework 2045 for a climate-neutral Sweden. Climate-improved  concrete  has  limits  within exposure  and  strength  classes.  Surroundingenvironment must therefore be considered.

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  • 16.
    Abrahamsson, Caroline
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Mechanics, Byggteknik.
    Waltersson, Johanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Mechanics, Byggteknik.
    FLEXIBLA BYGGNADER: Utformning av en förskola med en möjlig verksamhetsändring för framtida behov2014Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Society today has an increasing demand for environmentally and economically sustainable developments in order to create a sustainable society. Society’s growth in new construction is a big part of this, and by planning and building more sustainable buildings these requirements can be fulfilled. The development of flexible buildings, which can adapt to future needs of society, lead to a more efficient utilization and longevity of premises and generate more sustainable buildings.In Sweden, the municipalities are the country’s largest property developers and therefore have a significant responsibility to provide society with real estate and public buildings. In recent time we have seen a shift towards flexible public buildings and in particular preschools. With the current socio-economic climate and ageing population buildings like preschools need to be flexible to ensure they can cater for future demands of society.

    This degree project, within the Bachelor programme in Construction Engineering, has been carried out during 10 weeks on Tengbom Architects in Uppsala. The thesis deals with the subject of flexibility in buildings and includes a proposal for the design of a flexible building as a pre-school that in the future can be converted into a retirement home.

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  • 17.
    Abrahamsson, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Petersson, Oscar
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Anbud: Faktorer och förbättringsmöjligheter i anbudsprocessen2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The report shows how extensive the tender process is and what factors to consider in order tosubmit a winning bid. It highlights the different parts of the tender process and makes adeeper analysis of some of the most important factors. Bidding is not just about value whatsomething will cost. Because companies rarely are alone, they are finding ways and solutionsthat make the offer competitive. There is a high pace in the construction industry andconstruction companies currently have a lot to do.The report is written together with RO-Gruppen and a survey is the basis for the analysis. Thegoal was to describe RO-Gruppens work and to find possible improvement potential.As specifications, customers and procurement variations vary, it’s difficult to always followthe same template. Transparency and flexibility is required to analyze what exactly the clientis looking for. Experience proved to be a decisive factor, both according to the literature andthe questionnaire survey.

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    Anbud
  • 18.
    Abrahamsson, Kalle
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Åtgärd för ökad trafiksäkerhet - Undersökning om behovet av nya säkra övergångar vid Riksväg 51 i Finspång2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Fordonstrafiken ökar allt mer i Sverige, antalet lastbilstransporter likaså riksväg 51 står inför nybyggnation som ska öka framkomligheten för fordon genom Finspång, men vem tänker på gång och cykeltrafikanterna? Denna rapport undersöker framkomligheten för en problematisk sträcka av Riksväg 51 genom Finspång, där hastighetsbegränsningen är hög och bristen på säkra övergångar är stor. Passageräkning kommer utföras vid två områden för att få svar på hur stort problemet är för Finspångs invånare. Rapporten resulterar i förslag till två nya säkra övergångar, en gångbro vid Postnords kontor i Finspång och en tunnel intill en cirkulationsplats i anslutning till Willys i Finspång. Om kommunen anser att dessa förslag är något att arbeta vidare med är helt upp till dem.

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  • 19. Abrahamsson, Sam
    et al.
    Rosén, Eric
    Entreprenörer och konsulters hantering av byggmaterialens prisökning och tillgängligheten på byggmaterial i Sverige under Covid-19.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 20.
    Abrahamsson, Victoria
    et al.
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Eckerberg, Christopher
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Engineering and Science.
    Insourcad polsk arbetskraft i svensk byggindustri: En studie utifrån NCCs arbetslednings perspektiv2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 12 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The need for labor in the construction sector is today greater than the supply. As a result, several companies use foreign labor, which constitutes challenges. Previous studies highlight that problems can arise mainly in the categories of cultural differences, communication, security, quality and time.

    The purpose of this study is to investigate issues of foreign labor from the perspective of managers. Furthermore, the study aims to highlight positive effects with insourcing, a difference to previous research where the workforce has been external.

    The study is conducted through qualitative methodology where review of existing literature has highlighted apparent issues to handle. In addition, semistructured interviews where conducted with the case company management team to investigate experienced issues as well as the impact of the insourcing strategy. The analysis and discussion of the interviews results in a list of improvement suggestions for companies using foreign labor. A general conclusion is that insourcing is beneficial to construction companies using foreign labor, as it provides continuity and improved opportunity for development and guidance. Furthermore, the education and development of the workers is easier to follow up.

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  • 21.
    Abrigian, Mari
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Almqvist Gärtner, Daniel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Möjligheter och utmaningar med internationella inköp: En studie av internationella inköp2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction industry in Sweden today are facing a major challenge in building society and following the pace of population growth. Rising material prices are today a fact, and at the same time there is a lack of capacity at the Swedish suppliers as they are bound up in supplier agreements for the coming years. The largest construction companies in Sweden have been working strategically with international suppliers for a long time to increase their margins and to secure their material needs.

    BTH Bygg AB is today a company that builds, renovates and maintains real estate in Stockholm. The company has expanded in recent years and is committed to strong growth by 2020. Work on international purchasing has previously been limited to BTH Bygg, but this type of purchase is today seen as a necessity to continued growth and to be competitive in that part of Sweden where most is built.

    The purpose of this study is to analyze BTH Bygg's existing purchasing process to further develop and propose improvements with international procurement as a starting point.

    The study has been conducted with the help of interviews to get a complete picture of the issues of international purchasing. BTH Bygg AB has a strong organization with a lot of experience related to the subject area, and focus has been on compiling these in order to come up with suggestions and ideas on how to handle international purchases. Recommendations are focused on areas related to supplier assessment, communication, logistics and product selection.

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    fulltext
  • 22.
    Acuña, José
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Distributed thermal response tests: New insights on U-pipe and Coaxial heat exchangers in groundwater-filled boreholes2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) are widely used today in ground source heating and cooling systems in spite of their less than optimal performance. This thesis provides a better understanding on the function of U-pipe BHEs and Investigates alternative methods to reduce the temperature difference between the circulating fluid and the borehole wall, including one thermosyphon and three different types of coaxial BHEs.

    Field tests are performed using distributed temperature measurements along U-pipe and coaxial heat exchangers installed in groundwater filled boreholes. The measurements are carried out during heat injection thermal response tests and during short heat extraction periods using heat pumps. Temperatures are measured inside the secondary fluid path, in the groundwater, and at the borehole wall. These type of temperature measurements were until now missing.

    A new method for testing borehole heat exchangers, Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT), has been proposed and demonstrated in U-pipe, pipe-in-pipe, and multi-pipe BHE designs. The method allows the quantification of the BHE performance at a local level.

    The operation of a U-pipe thermosyphon BHE consisting of an insulated down-comer and a larger riser pipe using CO2 as a secondary fluid has been demonstrated in a groundwater filled borehole, 70 m deep. It was found that the CO2 may be sub-cooled at the bottom and that it flows upwards through the riser in liquid state until about 30 m depth, where it starts to evaporate.

    Various power levels and different volumetric flow rates have been imposed to the tested BHEs and used to calculate local ground thermal conductivities and thermal resistances. The local ground thermal conductivities, preferably evaluated at thermal recovery conditions during DTRTs, were found to vary with depth. Local and effective borehole thermal resistances in most heat exchangers have been calculated, and their differences have been discussed in an effort to suggest better methods for interpretation of data from field tests.

    Large thermal shunt flow between down- and up-going flow channels was identified in all heat exchanger types, particularly at low volumetric flow rates, except in a multi-pipe BHE having an insulated central pipe where the thermal contact between down- and up-coming fluid was almost eliminated.

    At relatively high volumetric flow rates, U-pipe BHEs show a nearly even distribution of the heat transfer between the ground and the secondary fluid along the depth. The same applies to all coaxial BHEs as long as the flow travels downwards through the central pipe. In the opposite flow direction, an uneven power distribution was measured in multi-chamber and multi-pipe BHEs.

    Pipe-in-pipe and multi-pipe coaxial heat exchangers show significantly lower local borehole resistances than U-pipes, ranging in average between 0.015 and 0.040 Km/W. These heat exchangers can significantly decrease the temperature difference between the secondary fluid and the ground and may allow the use of plain water as secondary fluid, an alternative to typical antifreeze aqueous solutions. The latter was demonstrated in a pipe-in-pipe BHE having an effective resistance of about 0.030 Km/W.

    Forced convection in the groundwater achieved by injecting nitrogen bubbles was found to reduce the local thermal resistance in U-pipe BHEs by about 30% during heat injection conditions. The temperatures inside the groundwater are homogenized while injecting the N2, and no radial temperature gradients are then identified. The fluid to groundwater thermal resistance during forced convection was measured to be 0.036 Km/W. This resistance varied between this value and 0.072 Km/W during natural convection conditions in the groundwater, being highest during heat pump operation at temperatures close to the water density maximum.

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    José Acuña - Doctoral Thesis
  • 23.
    Adamovic, Nadja
    et al.
    TU Wien, ISAS, Vienna, Austria..
    Asinari, Pietro
    Politecn Torino, Dept Energy, Turin, Italy..
    Goldbeck, Gerhard
    Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, St Johns Innovat Ctr, Cambridge, England..
    Hashibon, Adham
    Fraunhofer Inst Mech Mat IWM, Freiburg, Germany..
    Hermansson, Kersti
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Hristova-Bogaerds, Denka
    DPI, Eindhoven, Netherlands..
    Koopmans, Rudolf
    Koopmans Consulting GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Verbrugge, Tom
    Dow Benelux BV, Hoek, Netherlands..
    Wimmer, Erich
    Mat Design, Le Mans, France..
    European Materials Modelling Council2017In: Proceedings Of The 4Th World Congress On Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (Icme 2017) / [ed] Mason, P Fisher, CR Glamm, R Manuel, MV Schmitz, GJ Singh, AK Strachan, A, Springer Publishing Company, 2017, p. 79-92Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC) is to establish current and forward looking complementary activities necessary to bring the field of materials modelling closer to the demands of manufacturers (both small and large enterprises) in Europe. The ultimate goal is that materials modelling and simulation will become an integral part of product life cycle management in European industry, thereby making a strong contribution to enhance innovation and competitiveness on a global level. Based on intensive efforts in the past two years within the EMMC, which included numerous consultation and networking actions with representatives of all stakeholders including Modellers, Software Owners, Translators and Manufacturers in Europe, the EMMC identified and proposed a set of underpinning and enabling actions to increase the industrial exploitation of materials modelling in Europe. EMMC will pursue the following overarching objectives in order to bridge the gap between academic innovation and industrial application: enhance the interaction and collaboration between all stakeholders engaged in different types of materials modelling, including modellers, software owners, translators and manufacturers, facilitate integrated materials modelling in Europe building on strong and coherent foundations, coordinate and support actors and mechanisms that enable rapid transfer of materials modelling from academic innovation to the end users and potential beneficiaries in industry, achieve greater awareness and uptake of materials modelling in industry, in particular SMEs, elaborate Roadmaps that (i) identify major obstacles to widening the use of materials modelling and (ii) elaborate strategies to overcome them.

  • 24.
    Addassi, Mouadh
    et al.
    Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Johannesson, Björn
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Advanced Materials.
    Reactive mass transport in concrete including for gaseous constituents using a two-phase moisture transport approach2020In: Construction and Building Materials, ISSN 0950-0618, E-ISSN 1879-0526, Vol. 232, p. 1-14, article id 117148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents the further development of a tool for multi-phase reactive mass transport modelingfor durability estimation of cement-based materials, by the addition of the gas phase, adopting a trulyseparate two-phase moisture transport approach. The governing system of equations are based on phys-ically sound hybrid mixture based version of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations includinggaseous transport in the air-filled space, ionic transport in the liquid phase, electro-migration of ionicspecies, a two-phase moisture transport model, and sorption. The addition of the gas phase and thetwo-phase moisture description enables the user of the model to investigate individual and combinedeffects of different degradation processes in unsaturated systems. The altering of hydrated cement underthree different environments were studied representing an accelerated carbonation environment, a sub-merged marine environment and a cyclic drying-wetting zone in a marine environment, to illustratesome of the model’s capabilities.

  • 25.
    Addassi, Mouadh
    et al.
    Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Johannesson, Björn
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Wadsö, Lars
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Inverse analyses of effective diffusion parameters relevant for a two-phase moisture model of cementitious materials2018In: Cement and Concrete Research, ISSN 0008-8846, E-ISSN 1873-3948, Vol. 106, p. 117-129Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we present an inverse analyses approach to determining the two-phase moisture transport properties re-levant to concrete durability modeling. The purposed moisture transport model was based on a continuumapproach with two truly separate equations for the liquid and gas phase being connected by the sorption ki-netics. The moisture properties of ten binder-systems containingfly ash, calcined clay, burnt shale and graymicro-filler, were investigated experimentally. The experiments used were, (i) sorption test (moisturefixation),(ii) cup test in two different relative humidity intervals, (iii) drying test, and, (iv) capillary suction test. Masschange over time, as obtained from the drying test, the two different cup test intervals and the capillary suctiontest, was used to obtain the effective diffusion parameters using the proposed inverse analyses approach. Themoisture properties obtained with the proposed inverse analyses method provide a good description of the testperiod for the ten different binder-systems.

  • 26.
    Adde, Abdifatah
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS).
    Lagoun, Hassen
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS).
    Processen för framtagande av klimatdeklaration för hallbyggnader2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change has resulted in several actors in various industries starting to take into account how their business activities affect the environment. The Swedish Parliament has set a climate target that is intended to be achieved by 2045. More specifically, the goal means that Sweden should  have no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In 2019, Sweden's construction and real estate sector accounted for nationwide  greenhouse gas emissions, corresponding to approximately 12 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, which means that the specified sector can have a major impact on the environment.

    Climate declarations are a term used in various contexts that report a building's climate impact. Climate declarations are carried out only for the construction stage, of which it has been divided into  two subcategories:  the product stage (A1-A3) and the construction production stage (A4-A5) (Boverket, 2021).  The study illustrates how the process can be done when producing climate declarations. In addition, a template has been designed  that  shows how  much carbon dioxide equivalents building elements emit.

    The study consisted of interview questions that were answered by six different companies with different roles and similar views in sustainable construction. The respondents  that have been interviewed in the study are sales engineer Krister Andersson from the company Ruukki, environmental and sustainability manager Alexandra Rosenqvist from Beijer Byggmaterial, business development manager Linda Hedvall from Lindab,  chief executive officer  Oscar Hoolmé from Jacob Lindh AB and constructor Samir Goralija from Areco Profiles. Furthermore, structured interview questions have been prepared and asked to the above-mentioned companies, such as how do companies stand before the  climate  declaration  act? What measures will be taken to comply with the law? How has the law been affected in the business and what measures will be taken both short- and long-term?

    The companies that have been interviewed point out that an EPD is only based on the construction phase of the A-module at present. The companies want a complete EPD with modules from A-D where the entire life cycle analysis is taken into account. This is in order to get a clearer picture of how much carbon dioxide equivalents a hallbuilding generates.

    Within the framework of the study, the template has also been tested on an industrial building located in Eslöv municipality.  The template was used to calculate how much carbon dioxide equivalents a hallbuildings climate screen generates.

    The results showed that the entire building's climate screen emits 58,065 kilo of carbon dioxide equivalents. Furthermore, it was shown  that both  traditional wall (41  kilo carbon dioxide equivalents per m2) and traditional roof (42 kilo carbon dioxide equivalents per m2) produce lower emissions than sandwich wall (60 kilo carbon dioxide equivalents per m2) and cardboard roof (71 kilo carbon dioxide equivalents per m2).

    The  problem with  the production of climate declarations is that today's climate database is unclear and  that  different construction companies  apply  different climate indicators, which makes it hard to compare.  Another  problem  is  that climate declarations only  apply to  the construction phase (A-module). This means that the rest of the building's life cycle assessment has not been taken into account, which delays the process of achieving specified climate goals.

    The conclusion  is  thus that the process of producing a climate declaration  is something new since there are no clear guidelines for how inputs  should  be chosen. However,  it was shown that the supplier  can with use of generic values can reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. This is done by choosing the right combination between building elements. 

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    Processen för framtagande av klimatdeklaration för hallbyggnader
  • 27.
    Adel, Amin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Civil Engineering and Built Environment.
    Roshan, Armin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Civil Engineering and Built Environment.
    En Jämförelse Av Brännbart Avfall Mellan Två Byggprojekt På Ncc: En fallstudie om hantering av brännbart avfall och dess kostnader samt miljöpåverkan2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag behöver världen minska utvinningen av jordens resurser på global nivå. FN och världens länder möttes 2015 för att ta fram Agenda 2030, en agenda som bidrar till hållbar utveckling. Med hjälp av Agenda 2030 ska världens länder uppnå ett mål som bidrar till en social, ekonomisk och miljömässigt hållbar utveckling. Svenska byggsektorn står för den största mängd avfall som genereras i samhället varför åtgärder relaterad till minskning av avfall måste prioriteras. Naturvårdsverket har tagit fram en avfallsplan i enlighet med EU: avfallsdirektiv för att främja bygg- och rivningsavfall som genererar en stor mängd av avfall. NCC (Nordic Construction Company) är ett ledande bygg och fastighetsföretag som är verksamma i Norden. Företaget stödjer agenda 2030 och beskriver årligen i deras årsredovisning hur de jobbar med hållbar utveckling. NCC:s hållbarhetsmål och deras strategi följs upp och redogörs regelbundet. NCC arbetar ständigt för att minska mängden avfall som genereras i byggproduktion. Företaget samarbetar med avfallföretaget Ragn-Sells som hanterar avfallet som uppstår. Det som har framkommit i det här arbetet är att det finns stora potentialer att minska mängden brännbart material på byggarbetsplatsen. Brännbart material består främst av trä, plast, papper och wellpapp som kan sorteras i separata fraktioner och därefter återvinnas. Genom sortering i fraktioner ökar materialåtervinning och parallellt minskas dessutom förbränning av avfall vilket ger stora ekonomiska och miljömässiga vinster för NCC. Enligt utförda ekonomiska och miljömässiga beräkningar av mängd avfall på två av NCC:s projekt (Stationslunden och Mörbylund) fram kom det att NCC kan genom sortering av material kan minska mängden avfall upp till 55 procent. Minskning av mängd avfall med 55 procent är en jämförelse mellan Stationslundens genererade avfall till referensprojektet i Mörbylund som hade bäst hanteringsavfall. Källsorteringen kan i första hand lösas genom NCC:s interna åtgärder vilket det här arbetet har påpekat. Det finns också möjligheter att påverka mängden avfall externt genom att NCC börjar ställa högre krav på deras leverantörer för att arbeta mot en hållbar utveckling där mängden brännbart avfall ska minskas. De framkomna åtgärdsförslagen som det här arbetet redovisar kan NCC använda sig av för att förbättra sin källsortering. Ytterligare kan även andra byggföretag inom byggproduktion använda sig av åtgärdsförslagen för att öka källsorteringen som gynnar samhället i sin helhet.

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  • 28.
    Adnan Alromi, Sandra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Singh Sidhu, Jivi
    Arbetsberedning som verktyg för att förbättra arbetsmiljön2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To safely and effectively carry through within the construction industry, planning plays an important part. Work preparation is one form of planning. When using the model of work preparations, one analyzes the specific work preparation with the intent and goal to carry through the labor within the beforehand estimated time, budget and quality, while still maintaining satisfying work environment.The aim of this paper is to, from a perspective of work environment, map out how NCC: s work preparations function today. The goal is to provide suggestions for improvement. This can be done by performing interviews and surveys on the NCC employees.The results indicate that the staff of NCC see work preparation as a helping aid in improving work environment. However, there are also shortcomings in the way work preparations are done at NCC, and these could be improved. We therefore recommend NCC to make improvements in the planning, realization and the follow-up phase when setting up a work preparation. Our suggestions for improvement can be found under “recommendations”.

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  • 29.
    Adolfsson, Rasmus
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology (starting 2013).
    Utformning av en infästningsstandard: En utveckling av kvalitetsarbetet hos Nordmarkens Fasader AB2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As the construction industry today is increasing the demands on its actors and procedures to ensurethe quality of the final product, the work on quality assurance has increased in a greater degree.Quality assurance involves a systematic approach that often follow a specific quality system orquality mark. That this is conducted is often demonstrated by a certain certification.Nordmarkens Fasader in Töcksfors is a manufacturer and installator of windows, doors, walls androofs in aluminum and glass. To ensure the quality of their products, they work for the P-markingsystem that later allows them to P-label their products. The P-mark is the Science Partners ownquality mark and proves, among other things, that the product complies with statutory or regulatoryrequirements but also in most cases higher standards demanded by the market.In their work, Nordmarkens Fasader follows a quality manual, which in its turn is modeled after therules for P-marking. This is the official summarized description of the P-marking and contains orrefers to all the documents and document types included in the quality system of NordmarkensFasader.For the products of Nordmarkens Fasader to be developed a further step in working towards a goodquality and function, they want to establish drawings that deal with attaching elements in the wall, inthe quality manual. All this to get better track of what happens to the product after manufacture.Something that makes this even more important is that they do not always handle assembly of theirproducts. A standard of attachments in this case would result in that they can influence whathappens after manufacture. To achieve this it was necessary for a standard of attachments ofelements to be designed and then also integrated in the quality manual.Because there are many wall types to choose from, the most common and most abundant of thesewas elected. It all resulted in a number of standard drawings showing where some of the products ofNordmarkens Fasader should be attached in the selected wall. For this to be put into use in everydaylife it also had to be integrated into the quality manual. In addition to these standard drawings, themanual were changed while new documents also were created in this. All to achieve the best resultswith the quality work at Nordmarkens Fasader.This work will serve as a basis for future work on attachment drawings, in the quality manual, asthere is interest in bringing in multi-wall types in this.

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    Download full text (pdf)
    Arkivfiler
  • 30.
    Af Klintberg, Albin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Åkehag, Jonny
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Träbjälklag med tung fyllning: Bjälklag framtaget med inspiration av byggteknik från sekelskiftet 1800–19002017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report investigates the possibilities of using residual products as sound insulation in apartment

    separating timber floors with a span of 6 m. One step towards meeting the Swedish construction

    industry's zero vision for carbon dioxide emissions is to build more using timber and to reuse/recycle

    residual products. The Swedish building contractor Skanska has at its quarries a surplus of material in

    the form of crushed rock of the 0 - 0.2 mm fraction and crushed residual concrete. In this report, a

    prototype of a timber floor has been produced with influences of construction technology from the

    turn of the 19

    th century regarding the use of heavy filling as sound insulation in timber floors.

    The developed floor prototype complies with the requirements set in BBR after dimensioning

    according the Eurocodes regarding fire safety, strength, sagging and deflection. According to a

    simulation in SEAWood, a tool for acoustic simulation which is under development at RISE Research

    Institutes of Sweden the requirements for sound insulation are also met, which is supported by

    analyzes made by comparing with data on similar timber floors. The high mass of the filling material

    implies that the prototype is a low frequency floor, this in conjunction with the simulation only being

    an indication of sound insulation properties, it will require practical tests to determine the prototypes

    sound insulating and dynamic properties.

    The developed floor prototype is suitable for prefabrication thanks to a design with few components.

    Prefabrication of the floor has in addition to the economic benefits it brings great benefits from a

    working environment perspective and is also beneficial from a moisture point of view.

    To estimate the environmental impact of the timber flooring, a simple comparison was made with a

    prefabricated concrete floor which showed that carbon dioxide emissions up to the using phase were

    more than twice that of the concrete floor than for the prototype floor.

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  • 31.
    af Klintberg, Tord
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Björk, Folke
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Finlands åtgärder mot arbetslivskriminalitet, människohandel och grå ekonomi2024Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 32.
    af Klintberg, Tord
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Björk, Folke
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Rättvist Byggande byggkriminalitet och Sveriges sekretesslagstiftning2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien bygger på intervjuer och samtal med 64 personer hos bl. a. myndigheter & fastighetsbolag.

    Byggkriminaliteten belastar samhället på flera olika sätt. Personer i utsatta lägen, exempelvis pappers-lösa, blir utnyttjade genom att få arbeta långa dagar med låg lön, ofta under ofta farliga förhållanden. Dessutom blir hederliga byggbolag utkonkurrerade då kriminella bolag kan vinna upphandlingar, genom låga anbud. Kriminella bolag försöker sedan få till ytterligare intäkter, exempelvis genom att ge dåliga leveranser, som i sin tur genererar dem intäkter i form av ändrings- och tilläggsarbeten. Detta visar i sin tur att byggnadskvaliteten blir försämrad av de kriminella bolagens aktivitet. Vidare går svenska staten miste om betydande skatteintäkter. Kriminella bolag gör å sin sida stora vinster och dessa vinster kan sedan användas till annan aktivitet, exempelvis att köpa upp hederliga bolag. Vår analys är att ekonomisk vinning är ytterst centralt för kriminella bolag, samtidigt som de gärna vill framställa sig som ytterst hederliga. Därför är det möjligt att bekämpa dem ur ett ekonomiskt pers-pektiv, Här har det dock visat sig att Sveriges befintliga sekretesslagstiftning utgör ett operativt hinder.

    Dagens svenska sekretesslagstiftning grundar sig på farhågor som fanns på 1970-talet, att Sverige skulle förvandlas till Oceanien i Orwells 1984 genom att myndigheterna samkörde sina register. Sekretesslagstiftningen skapades 1979/80, i syfte att försvara den personliga integriteten, men lagen förhindrar nu att myndigheter på en löpande basis samarbetar mot kriminella bolag. Detta gäller även Skatteverkets olika enheter där Skattebrotts- och Beskattningsenheterna inte löpande får samarbeta mot kriminalitet. Föreslag har lagts fram att lagen ska ändras, så att myndigheter får samarbeta, men frågan har till slut behandlats som en mer avgränsad integritetsfråga ur en strikt juridisk synvinkel.

     Vi frågar oss om Regeringar och Justitiedepartement har ägt tillräcklig insikt eller kraft för att förbereda förslag, vilka kan ligga till grund för lagstiftning, som är operativ mot byggkriminalitet, men även tar hänsyn till integritet. Att försvara den personliga integriteten är vällovligt, men det är stötande att skärpt lagstiftning mot arbetslivskriminalitet inte utvecklas, därför att ett fåtal remissinstanser vill stoppa sådana lagar med ett snävt integritetsförsvar. Detta får en stor negativ påverkan på Sveriges förmåga att agera mot byggkriminaliteten. 

     

    Till skillnad från Sverige så har Finland en lagstiftning, som tillåter finska myndigheter att operativt agera mot kriminella företag. Den finska Skatteförvaltningen erhåller information om byggarbetares arbetsgivarsamband och arbetstid, om byggentreprenörers fakturering, samt gängse deklarationer. Dessutom kan den finska Skatteförvaltningens olika enheter samarbeta löpande med varandra utan sekretesshinder, vilket det svenska Skatteverket är förhindrat att göra. Man kan fråga sig om Finlands system är farligt för den personliga integriteten för människorna i Finland? 

     I ljuset av Sveriges nuvarande bekymmer avseende arbetslivskriminalitet och arbetskraftsutnyttjande bör en forskargrupp etableras, knuten till Justitiedepartementet, där juridik- och samhällsforskare samarbetar i syfte att lägga fram underlag till en ny sekretesslag. I det sammanhanget vore det intressant att studera forskningsinstitutet HEUNIs verksamhet vid Finlands Justitiedepartement. 

     Intervjupersoner i denna studie anser att Rättvist Byggande är ett bra initiativ av Stockholmshem, som tar ett utökat byggherreansvar. Det är dock huvudentreprenören, som ska ta  ansvar för arbetsplatsen. Andra renodlade byggherrar ansluter sig nu till initiativet vilket är bra. Rättvist Byggande kommer framför allt åt den kriminalitet, som består av att fel personer befinner sig på bygget och Stockholmshem har rätt att utestänga byggbolag som missköter sig från kommande upphandlingar. 

     Sammantaget finns flera organisationer som genomför viktigt arbete med kontroller mot byggkrimina-litet. Kontroll kostar dock pengar att genomföra, vilket exempelvis påverkar ett fastighetsbolags eko-nomi och i slutändan kommer att betalas av de boende. Om Sverige hade Finlands system där Skatte-förvaltningen har tillgång till siffror på antal anställda för varje entreprenör, entreprenörernas faktu-rering och samband mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare, så skulle kontrollen bli enklare och ändå tjäna samma syfte. Brottsbekämpningen skulle bli mer kraftfull och ge en större samlad effekt än vad enskilda goda initiativ kan ge. Det skulle dessutom ge färre förluster för statskassan, stödja hederliga byggföretag och på sikt relativt sett förmodligen ge lägre boendekostnader. Vi frågar oss hur mycket Sveriges arbetsgivaravgifter och inkomstskatter skulle öka om det finska systemet skulle införas.

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    Rättvist Byggande
  • 33.
    Afkari, Arash
    Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET).
    Sustainable Low-Cost Housing in Ethiopia: A Study of CSSB-Technology2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This degree project is about sustainable low-cost housing in Ethiopia with a focus on CSSB-technology, which is one method of constructing houses. The project allowed me to visit Ethiopia during seven weeks in 2010, to observe, gather information and to perform tests regarding the specific subject. It is a sub-project to a larger research project initiated in 2002 at Halmstad University in an attempt to introduce low-cost housing technologies for the Kambaata Region in Ethiopia. The aim of the research project has been to develop and test new, sustainable, low-cost building technologies intended for the population, with regard to local traditions, needs and affordability.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 34.
    Afshar, Samim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Alaoui, Youssef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Jämförelser mellan massivträ- och betongstommar i flerbostadshus: Bedömning av byggtid, väderkänslighet, arbetsmiljö, bekant byggteknik, installation, projektering, spännvidder, flexibilitet, brandsäkerhet, ljudisolering och fuktsäkerhet.2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    fulltext
  • 35.
    Afzali, Faizullah
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Information and Engineering, Construction.
    Rashid, Renas
    Dalarna University, School of Information and Engineering, Construction.
    Främjande av återbruk av byggmaterial: En kvalitativ studie om branschens uppfattningar kring potentialen hos ekonomiska incitament2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper highlights the importance of economic incentives in stimulating the reuse of building materials in Sweden. Although the construction industry recognizes the benefits of reuse, the study shows that there are insufficient economic incentives to make it a standard practice. Through semi-structured interviews with representatives from the construction industry and a literature review, the study identified several barriers such as quality assurance, building regulations, lack of knowledge, and economic challenges.The purpose of the study was to investigate what economic incentives could promote the use of reused building materials and identify potential barriers to their implementation.The findings suggest that there are currently no direct economic incentives that encourage construction companies to reuse building materials. Several obstacles have been identified, including challenges related to quality guarantees, building regulations, lack of knowledge, and economic difficulties. The study also emphasizes that more extensive political and economic initiatives are needed to stimulate the use of reused building materials. The paper contributes to the existing research by providing recommendations to policy makers and other actors in the construction sector who are interested in promoting sustainability and environmentally friendly methods. It suggests that future research should focus on designing and testing specific economic incentives to promote the reuse of building materials. In its conclusions, it emerges that construction companies identify a multitude of obstacles and challenges when reusing building materials. It also appears that there is a noticeable lack of economic incentives from the state to promote the use of reused building materials in construction projects. Construction companies suggested different forms of economic incentives that could promote the use of reused building materials, including grants, tax relief, and digital platforms. There was also a variation in political opinions regarding the idea of introducing economic incentives to promote the reuse of building materials, with some supporting the idea and others opposing it.

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  • 36.
    Agirman, Nesim
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Construction.
    Ali, Mustafa
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Construction.
    U-värde av isoleringsmaterial i en kassett: En experimentell jämförelse mellan en fönsterkassett som har isolering och en utan isolering2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Insulation and insulation material is one of the most important components in the construction industry and has a wide range of applications and therefore the demand is huge. Because of the high costs on the market, new and different researches take place every day to find alternative insulation materials. The technology make the opportunities greater to find and use cheaper materials. Therefore, it is not un common to see insulations made of different materials every day.

    The purpose of this study is to investigate two Moniflexcassettes, one with insulation and one without, in a climate chamber, to then compare their u-values.

    The results showed the influence on the insulation, that the u-value was lower on the cartridge with the insulation, and therefore a proof that the insulation can use as an additional insulation. This applied especially for windows and glass portions who have a high u-value, which mean that windows and glass portions do not have to change to newer windows with lower u-values.

    The company Isolight´s current u-value of the cassette with the isolation was not the same as with the tested U-value in Högskolan Dalarnas climate chamber. On the cassette without insulation, there has been no comparison between the tested value and the value of the company because the company does not have a u-value for that.

  • 37.
    Agrawal, Dhiraj
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Hingna Road, Wanadongri, Nagpur, 441110, India.
    Waghe, Uday
    Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Hingna Road, Wanadongri, Nagpur, 441110, India.
    Ansari, Khalid
    Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Hingna Road, Wanadongri, Nagpur, 441110, India.
    Amran, Mugahed
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, 9677, Amran, Yemen.
    Gamil, Yaser
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Structural and Fire Engineering. Department of Civil Eng., School of Eng., Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Alluqmani, Ayed E.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 41411, Saudi Arabia.
    Thakare, Nitin
    Department of Civil Engineering, G. H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, 441110, India.
    Optimization of eco-friendly concrete with recycled coarse aggregates and rubber particles as sustainable industrial byproducts for construction practices2024In: Heliyon, E-ISSN 2405-8440, Vol. 10, no 4, article id e25923Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this technology era, sustainable construction practices have become quite imperative. The exploration of alternative materials to reduce the environmental footprint is of paramount importance. This research paper delves into an exhaustive investigation concerning the utilization of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and rubber particles (RP) in concrete. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge aimed at fostering sustainable development in the construction industry by reducing waste, promoting recycling, and mitigating the environmental footprint of building materials. The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential benefits and limitations associated with incorporating these materials, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete. In this research, construction and demolition waste were recycled and used as RCA as a fractional switch of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) from 0% to 100%, with an increment of 20% replacement of NCA in concrete. The RP received from discarded tires generated as automobile industry waste were used as a volumetric fractional substitution of sand in concrete from 0% to 20%, with a 5% increment. No pre-treatment for RCA and RP was carried out before their utilization in concrete. A total of 26 mixes, including control concrete without NCA and RP, with a design strength of 40 MPa, were prepared and tested. Concrete mixes were examined for workability, density, mechanical, and durability properties. It was found that the concrete with 60% RCA and 10% RP showed satisfactory results in evaluation with the strength parameters of control concrete, as the compressive strength obtained for this concrete mix is 40.18 MPa, similar to the control mix. The optimization for RCA and RP was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The major concern observed was a rise in water absorption with an increase in the percentage replacement of NCA and natural sand by RCA and RP. Findings from the investigation illustrate a promising prospect for the use of RCA and RP in concrete applications, displaying competent mechanical properties and enhanced durability under certain conditions, offering a viable option for environmentally friendly construction practices. However, the research also sheds light on some constraints and challenges, such as the variability in the quality of RCA and the necessity for meticulous quality control to ensure the reliability and consistency of the end product. It is discerned that further refinement in processing techniques and quality assurance measures is pivotal for mainstream adoption of RCA and RP in concrete construction.

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  • 38.
    Ahankoob, Alireza
    et al.
    School of Property, Construction and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Manley, Karen
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.
    Abbasnejad, Behzad
    School of Property, Construction and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
    The role of contractors’ building information modelling (BIM) experience in realising the potential values of BIM2022In: International Journal of Construction Management, ISSN 1562-3599, Vol. 22, no 4, p. 588-599Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There has been recently a growing attention towards the potential benefits of building information modelling (BIM) in construction business processes from both academia and industry practitioners. While prior research has emphasised that there is a link between the proficiency of construction companies to use BIM and the realisation of BIM benefits, little evidence exists to capture this relationship. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which prior BIM experiences influence the perception of industry experts on potential BIM benefits. The influence of years of BIM experience on the discernment of BIM potential benefits was examined through a survey of Australian building contractors. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that BIM experience was a significant factor in the realisation of potential BIM benefits. The results suggest that an increase in years of BIM experience foster a better understanding of BIM benefits, which consequently can lead to a more inspiring movement towards the adoption of BIM by construction organisations. The main contribution of this article is to increase awareness towards the adoption and implementation of BIM by making a link between BIM proficiency and an increased perception of BIM potential benefits in construction organisations. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

  • 39.
    Ahankoob, Alireza
    et al.
    RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Manley, Karen
    Halmstad University, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability.
    Hon, Carol
    Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
    Drogemuller, Robin
    Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
    The influence of building information modelling on the absorptive capacity of project-based organisations2023In: Architectural Engineering and Design Management, ISSN 1745-2007, E-ISSN 1752-7589, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 1-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Absorptive capacity (AC) is a theoretical construct that measures the capacity of an organisation to absorb knowledge from external sources to sustain competitive advantage. Information dispersion makes it difficult for project-based organisations (PBOs) to absorb new ideas. The current study uses AC theory to examine how the use of building information modelling (BIM) affects the capacity of building contractors to absorb new information and become more competitive. A desktop study of secondary sources was undertaken to assess if there is a potential link between BIM and contractor AC. This revealed that the potential benefits of BIM’s technical features are motivated through its functional attributes. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to clarify the underlying relationship of a cluster of variables. The results of EFA led to the confirmed three categories for BIM functional attributes, including: (1) integration, (2) comprehensibility, and (3) transparency. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the latent relationship between BIM functional attributes and contractor AC. The regression analysis of survey data, which was gathered from 56 building contractors in Queensland, Australia, showed that the transparency function of BIM functional attributes significantly correlated with acquisition and transformation dimensions of contractor AC. The study confirms a link between BIM and contractor AC, providing further evidence of the importance of BIM in sustaining the competitive advantage of project-based organisations. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

  • 40.
    Ahlander, Alfred
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Ekroth, Pontus
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Kommunikationsmodell för APD-plan vid användning av materialrutor och gångstråk2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: On-site construction is a complicated process. A temporary factory, with new zones for materials and workplace area must be established for each new project, which complicates the process further. Material management stands for a big saving opportunity in building projects and 40 % of the time lost on a construction site can be attributed to material management.  To overcome this waste connected to material management a well-processed logistics planning, god communication as well as experience feedback from previous projects is required. The aim for this thesis is therefore to identify improvement measure regarding the use of material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths, and as well as create a model of communication that supports experience feedback.

    Method The thesis is a case study on two projects within the organization of NCC.  A qualitative data collection with literature review, interviews, document analysis and observation has been conducted. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted and includes seven respondents with different position within the construction industry.

    Findings: The thesis has produced factors that should be taken into consideration when material zones and walking paths are planned. The result shows that resources and structured processes are required if experience feedback should work during the construction project. To succeed with the use of material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths, good communication of the construction site plan is needed. Furthermore, the thesis has resulted in a model of communication that supports experience feedback.  

    Implications: It’s during the purchase and delivery planning that the conditions for the material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths are set, therefore the construction site planning should be involved more in this phase. A prerequisite for using dedicated material zones and walking paths are resources which supports the construction management with planning and performance. By using logistic resources within the organization facilitates planning and management of material at the construction site, enables that collected experience can be conveyed between projects. In the production there should be a responsible receiver of material deliveries, who is extra briefed in the constructions site plan and the material-dedicated buffer zones through continuous communication with the construction management and logistic resource.

    Limitations: Since the thesis only includes two building projects, there is a limitation of the factors and arguments that are treated. Although the result is based on two building projects the fundamental processes and course of events are similar and can therefore be applied on other building projects. 

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  • 41.
    Ahlfors, JOhanna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Häggdahl, Josefin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Framtidens modulskola: En jämförande studie av arbetsmiljön i en tillfällig och en befintlig skolbyggnad2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 42.
    Ahlgren, Ahlgren
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Ekblad, Alexander
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineeering and Lighting Science.
    Förvaltande byggherrars inställning till BIM2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 43.
    Ahlstedt, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Mechanics, Byggteknik.
    Bygglogistik i en regionstad: Köra hit eller köra bort?2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The work is being carried out with the construction company Arcona.The aims are to evaluate and make recommendations about theirbuilding logistics solution CSL. For now, CSL is only used forprojects in Stockholm. If a need for CSL occurs in Uppsala, it willalso be introduced there.The purpose of the study is to investigate how CSL works inStockholm, what good experiences and challenges identified by theusers in Stockholm. Another purpose is to identify which partfunctions of the logistics solution that are requested by futureusers in Uppsala.To find out how the solution works today on projects in Stockholm,three qualitative interviews have been conducted. To find out aboutthe expectations of subcontractors (UE) on a logistics solution inUppsala, a qualitative interview has been conducted with asubcontractor. All interviews were then encoded to find themes andsubcategories.The conclusion is that both the subcontractor and Arcona see bothpractical and financial gains in introducing CSL in Uppsala. The mainadvantage of CSL is that it is scalable and you can choose to insertonly the sub-functions that are needed on the current project. Aservice that both sees benefits and which can be recommended is alogistics coordinator who reviews the entire logistics at theworkplace and thereby more easily identifies and solves problems.

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  • 44.
    Ahlstrand, Sanna
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering.
    Bender, Johanna
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering.
    Nordström, Linn
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering.
    A more efficient way of building in a developing country, influenced by industrialized building: A case study in Leticia, Colombia2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:The purpose of this study is to approach a solution to reduce housing shortage, by using inspiration from an industrialized building concept, which can lead to the opportunity for underprivileged people to get a livable housing. The aim is to study how knowledge from industrialized building could be used for a more efficient way of building in developing countries similar to Colombia.

     

    Method:Utilizing literature studies for achieving abutment to published research also giving the authors an observant mind. With this knowledge, participatory observations were made as action research to explore the prevailing procedure when establishing a house. Operating analyzes, interviews were held in Leticia for understanding observed decisions. To be able to critically analyze the results from the interviews and observations, collected data were compared with knowledge based on the authors’ reference frames.

     

    Findings:Keystones identified as the overall concept are applicable on establishments in the western world, since the concept is designed after similar conditions. Capital is required designing a building system as well as establishing a factory for prefabrication of elements, conditions limited in developing countries. Climate conditions and prevailing corruption prevents implementation of the concept. Identified weaknesses during the observations, noted repetition of unnecessary and non-value adding activities. One conclusion is not to implement the entire industrial building system, only practice the mindset. Initially keystones are implemented such as planning, exchange of information and reflection of performed projects, in order to improve upcoming projects. These keystones require no direct capital, merely a mindset that should be implemented.

     

    Implications:The outcome of this study is to enlighten the subject, since obvious weaknesses were noticed, with capacity for development. Further research is realistic because, in a long term it will help solving the housing situation. For example, using this result as underlay for education like creating more efficient building, enlightening planning for reducing unnecessary non value-adding activities. As a conclusion of the study, identified weaknesses during the establishment affects the efficiency, creating unnecessary costs. A developing country should focus upon emphasizing reduction of costs, since their economic status is already declining.

     

    Limitations: The observations during the case study have been concentrating on one small-scaled project in Leticia, Colombia. No further observations have been made but complements such as literature studies and interviews. Due to lack of time and language barrier, the amount of collected empirical data was too limited to provide durable conclusions for question formulations. Since only observations were performed on one establishment, a general result cannot be submitted.

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  • 45.
    Ahmad, Ban
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Vieglins, Gustav
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A energy and cost comparison between a BBR and a passive apartment building2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag ställer samhället och konsumenterna allt större krav på klimatsmarta boenden för att minska energianvändningen. Trots det byggs fortfarande till stor del traditionella hus efter Boverkets byggregler. På uppdrag av WSP studerar denna rapport hur energiåtgången hos ett befintligt flerbostadshus i Stockholm, byggt efter BBR, hade sett ut om det uppförts för att fylla kravspecifikationen för passivhus enligt FEBY12. Samt hur livscykelkostnaderna hade skiljt sig för de två husen.

    Studien inleddes med en datainsamling av för det befintliga flerbostadshusets areor samt Uvärdena och följs upp med simuleringar av flerbostadshuset i beräkningsprogrammet Energihuskalkyl. Datorberäkningarna jämfördes med manuella beräkningar för att säkerställa värmeförlusttalet samt andelen köpt energi. Varefter flerbostadshuset anpassades med Kingspans detaljbibliotek för att uppfylla FEBY12s passivhuskrav och följdes upp med samma dator- och manuella beräkningar. Där de båda resultaten presenteras och jämförs.

    I rapportens andra del undersöks och jämförs de två flerbostadshusens livscykelkostnader, sett till investerings-, drifts- och underhållskostnader. Då beställaren sekretessbelagt de verkliga kostnaderna antogs de verkliga kostnaderna för det befintliga huset från Statistiska Centralbyrån. För att beräkna det teoretiska passivhusets investeringskostnader beräknades materialkostnaderna för de båda husen efter de givna ritningarna. Där skillnaden i materialkostnaderna adderades till investeringskostnaden för det passiva flerbostadshuset.

    Underhållskostnaderna antogs till detsamma för det passiva flerbostadshuset samtidigt som att driftskostnaderna sänktes procentuellt med den minskade mängden köpt energi från energiberäkningarna.

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  • 46.
    Ahmad, Roman
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Chammoun, Johan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Optimering av den svenska metoden fördimensionering av betongbeläggningar på flygfält2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige har länge använt beläggningsytor av asfalt på grund av dess flexibla

    egenskaper som är lämpliga för det svenska klimatet. Historiskt sett har Sverige

    haft låg trafikmängd vilket inte gett utrymme för utvecklingen av betong som

    beläggning i vägar.

    Trafikmängden har sedan ett par år tillbaka ökat markant och det kan därför hända

    att det kommer att byggas betongvägar i huvudleder. Emellertid är erfarenheten i

    Sverige så pass låg att utveckling av nuvarande metoder fordras. USA har länge

    brukat betongvägar i stor skala och har betydligt större mängd betongvägar i

    motsats till Sverige, som har mindre än 1 %. Den ökade trafikmängden speglas

    även på flygplatser.

    I den här studien jämförs den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden för

    betongbeläggning på flygfält (Strand, 2016) med den amerikanska

    dimensioneringsmetoden i syfte att optimera den svenska metoden.

    Den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden (Strand, 2016) som denna studie behandlar

    är förenklad och baserad på gamla teorier. Metoden framställs genom äldre

    litteraturstudier men kombineras även med aktuell litteratur. Den amerikanska

    metoden används genom dess egna datorprogram kallad FAARFIELD där alla

    beräkningar görs med hänsyn till dess normer och krav.

    Dimensioneringen sker för lasten från Airbus A380 med 365 avgångar per år

    enligt Swedavias förväntningar. Oarmerade betongplattor med 350 till 450 mm

    tjocklek med betongkvaliteten C35/45 klarar inte av utmattningskriteriet. Däremot

    klarar likadana plattor med betongkvalitén C60/75 utmattningskraven och

    fungerar utmärkt som beläggning på uppställningsplatser och rullbana. Vid

    dimensionering enligt den amerikanska metoden visar resultaten att plattorna blir

    både tjockare och tunnare än den svenska metoden beroende på vilken

    betongkvalite som används.

    Den svenska metoden förutsätter en del förenklingar vid dimensionering av

    betongbeläggningar och därför blir inte beräkningen helt korrekt. Resultaten som

    denna studie visar är därför preliminära. Optimering av den svenska

    beräkningsgången är ett steg i rätt riktning men det praktiska utförandet av arbetet

    och erfarenheten av detta är något som måste byggas ut för en fulländad och

    fungerande metod i praktiken.

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  • 47.
    Ahmadi, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Sundström, Agneta
    The market intelligence impact on strategic performance in declining markets2017In: International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, ISSN 0972-7302, Vol. 15, no 15, p. 457-473Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines how companies in declining markets operate in the context of market intelligence, responding to customer needs and applying them to strategic performance. A quantitative survey was sent to 214 public housing companies. The results indicate that market intelligence creates commitment and is significant. A positive relationship was found between data gathering, dissemination, and responsiveness, which indicates that the companies comprehend market needs but companies have difficult to manage construction strategies that improve strategic performance. There was a low value of strategic performance; a link between market intelligence and the chosen strategy was not confirmed. Companies know what the market wants but base their decision on previous strategic performance on economic conditions in the municipality instead.

  • 48.
    Ahmic, Edvin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Akbarov, Dosmat
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Klassifikationssystemens påverkan på kalkylarbete: En jämförelse mellan CoClass och BSAB-systemen2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As the construction industry shifts to digital information modeling of its projects, the need to coordinate and improve the efficiency of the management of this information increases. A common language in the form of an industry-wide classification system could lead to billions in savings annually. In the calculation, it is important that the correct information management is included in order to provide the most accurate calculation possible.

    The aim of this study is to examine how the three different systems, BSAB 83, BSAB 96 and CoClass, differ and stand in contrast to each other to highlight and demonstrate such differences. The purpose of the study is that it should be used as a basis for how ÅF can create classified calculations with CoClass.

    To achieve the aim of the report and answer the research questions, the examination consisted of literature studies, interviews, a comparative study and a case study. These methods contributed to the following result: ÅF could effectively transfer to the CoClass system. When comparing the systems, it has been shown that CoClass is a more extensive and comprehensive system structured in a different way as opposed to the previous classification systems.

    Based on the results of the study, a calculation structure according to CoClass can be implemented in ÅF's current working methods, where ready-made recipe for building components can still be used. The recommendation is to consider the component table as equivalent to the production result in the calculation work with CoClass structure in the MAP. In the long run, this would have been an efficient strategy, both economically and primarily less time-consuming.

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  • 49.
    Ahn, Namhyuck
    et al.
    Oregon State University, USA.
    Bjarvin, Christina
    University of Washington, USA.
    Riggio, Mariapaola
    Oregon State University, USA.
    Muszynski, Lech
    Oregon State University, USA.
    Schimleck, Laurence
    Oregon State University, USA.
    Pestana, Catarina
    Oregon State University, USA.
    Dodoo, Ambrose
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building Technology.
    Puettmann, Maureen
    WoodLife Environmental Consultants, USA.
    Envisioning mass timber buildings for circularity: life cycle assessment of a mass timber building with different end-of-life (EoL) and post-EoL options2023In: WCTE 2023-World Conference on Timber Engineering: Timber for a Livable Future, 19-22 June, Oslo. 2898-2906 / [ed] Nyrud, A. Q. and Malo, K. A. et al., Curran Associates, Inc., 2023, p. 3581-3587Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The foundation of the circular economy in the construction sector is based on implementing the deconstruction and reuse of buildings, providing the potential for a closed loop of building materials within the supply chain. Mass timber buildings using large, prefabricated elements and certain types of reversible mechanical connections are deemed to have great potential for post end-of-life (EoL) options, including recycling and reuse. To fully characterize the benefits of reusing post-use mass timber in new construction projects, it is crucial to conceptualize a ‘grave-to-gate’ approach, including the complete analysis of post-EoL activities and impacts on the material’s second life. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) including different EoL and post-EoL options for a virtual reference mid-rise mass timber building in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States was conducted. Among four different deconstruction and reuse scenarios examined in this study, a case of nearly complete reconstruction of a mass timber building for the second service life used as an idealized reference established an optimistic limit for reduction of global warming potential (GWP) by 13-41% compared to the ‘demolish and landfill’ decision, depending on the scenario. The demolition and landfill scenario had the lowest net impact since the GWMP calculations accounted for the carbon storage benefits in the landfill in addition to the carbon stored in the building.

  • 50.
    Aho, Joel
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering.
    Användning av 5D-BIM för planering av både industriellt och traditionellt byggande2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    BIM – Building information modelling is used today by architects, structural engineers,contractors and property owners among others. BIM is a tool where a 3D-model of the projectcan be used as a source of information.When the 3D-model contains measurements/quantities and types of material it becomes apowerful tool when doing cost estimations/quantity takeoffs and production planning. The usageof BIM-models for these activities is a relatively new way of working and there are very fewstandards and proven methods. To have use of the BIM-model it also takes an implementation ofcost estimate- and planning programs that supports the use of BIM. Also, there are no standardsor guidelines for the configuration of the BIM-model.Research show that the use of BIM-models in quantity takeoff and production planning is bothtime-saving and more cost efficient then the use of the traditional ways where 2D-CAD drawingswith included descriptions is the only source of information. Earlier reports and master thesis’salso show how 5D-BIM is used today and how it can be implemented for companies with eitherindustrial- or more traditional concepts. 5D-BIM is a method where beyond the 3D-model, timeand cost are also included as dimensions 4, and 5.This report aims to evaluate under what conditions an implementation of 5D-BIM is possible fora contractor with a concept that includes both industrial- and traditional building, and alsoevaluate the possibilities and problems that occur during implementation. The use of BIM differsbetween industrial “off-site construction” and traditional “on site construction”. The author ofthis thesis therefor wants to study a company with a concept that includes both industrial andtraditional practices and also evaluate what information is requested in the BIM-model.An explorative case study has been conducted at a partially industrial contractor that produceshouses. The method 5D-BIM has been implemented and current workflow has been studied thrumodel configuration-, cost estimation to production planning. The study of the current workflowis the foundation for the implementation of 5D-BIM and the evaluation of § model configuration.The study shows how 5D-BIM as a method can be implemented for a company that has both onandoff site construction as a concept, and used to increase predictability in the projects.

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    fulltext
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