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  • 1.
    Abbott, Jessica K.
    et al.
    Queen's University.
    Bensch, S.
    Lund University.
    Gosden, Thomas P.
    Lund University.
    Svensson, Erik I.
    Lund University.
    Patterns of differentiation in a colour polymorphism and in neutral markers reveal rapid genetic changes in natural damselfly populations2008In: Molecular Ecology, ISSN 0962-1083, E-ISSN 1365-294X, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 1597-1604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The existence and mode of selection operating on heritable adaptive traits can be inferred by comparing population differentiation in neutral genetic variation between populations (often using F(ST) values) with the corresponding estimates for adaptive traits. Such comparisons indicate if selection acts in a diversifying way between populations, in which case differentiation in selected traits is expected to exceed differentiation in neutral markers [F(ST )(selected) > F(ST )(neutral)], or if negative frequency-dependent selection maintains genetic polymorphisms and pulls populations towards a common stable equilibrium [F(ST) (selected) < F(ST) (neutral)]. Here, we compared F(ST) values for putatively neutral data (obtained using amplified fragment length polymorphism) with estimates of differentiation in morph frequencies in the colour-polymorphic damselfly Ischnura elegans. We found that in the first year (2000), population differentiation in morph frequencies was significantly greater than differentiation in neutral loci, while in 2002 (only 2 years and 2 generations later), population differentiation in morph frequencies had decreased to a level significantly lower than differentiation in neutral loci. Genetic drift as an explanation for population differentiation in morph frequencies could thus be rejected in both years. These results indicate that the type and/or strength of selection on morph frequencies in this system can change substantially between years. We suggest that an approach to a common equilibrium morph frequency across all populations, driven by negative frequency-dependent selection, is the cause of these temporal changes. We conclude that inferences about selection obtained by comparing F(ST) values from neutral and adaptive genetic variation are most useful when spatial and temporal data are available from several populations and time points and when such information is combined with other ecological sources of data.

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  • 2.
    Abd El-Gaber, Amira S.
    et al.
    Menoufia Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.
    El Gendy, Abdel Nasser G.
    Natl Res Ctr, Med & Aromat Plants Res Dept, 33 El Bohouth St,PO 12622, Giza, Egypt.
    Elkhateeb, Ahmed
    Natl Res Ctr, Phytochem & Plant Systemat Dept, 33 El Bohouth St,PO 12622, Giza, Egypt.
    Saleh, Ibrahim A.
    Natl Res Ctr, Phytochem Dept, 33 El Bohouth St,PO 12622, Giza, Egypt.
    El-Seedi, Hesham
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Farmakognosi. Menoufia Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt;Univ Karachi, ICCBS, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
    Microwave Extraction of Essential Oil from Anastatica hierochuntica (L): Comparison with Conventional Hydro-Distillation and Steam Distillation2018In: Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants (JEOBP), ISSN 0972-060X, E-ISSN 0976-5026, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 1003-1010Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article stands to introduce microwave assisted extraction (MAE) as a more effective method for extraction of Anastatica hierochuntica (L) essential oils (EOs) compared to traditional hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) methods. Analysis of EOs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed significant differences in the constituents and percentages of the obtained oils. Using MAE and HD obtained oxygenated monoterpenes 50.79 % whereas SD obtained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 79.84 % as major contents of the extracted oils. This is the first report of EO composition of the aerials parts of A. heirochunatica. It offered several advantages of MAE technique as a green method with shorter extraction time (60 min) and better yield.

  • 3.
    Abdalaal, Hind
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Pundir, Shreya
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Ge, Xueliang
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Sanyal, Suparna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Näsvall, Joakim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Collateral toxicity limits the evolution of bacterial Release Factor 2 towards total omnipotence2020In: Molecular biology and evolution, ISSN 0737-4038, E-ISSN 1537-1719, Vol. 37, no 10, p. 2918-2930Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When new genes evolve through modification of existing genes, there are often trade-offs between the new and original functions, making gene duplication and amplification necessary to buffer deleterious effects on the original function. We have used experimental evolution of a bacterial strain lacking peptide release factor 1 (RF1) in order to study how peptide release factor 2 (RF2) evolves to compensate the loss of RF1. As expected, amplification of the RF2-encoding gene prfB to high copy number was a rapid initial response, followed by the appearance of mutations in RF2 and other components of the translation machinery. Characterization of the evolved RF2 variants by their effects on bacterial growth rate, reporter gene expression, and in vitro translation termination reveals a complex picture of reduced discrimination between the cognate and near cognate stop codons and highlight a functional trade-off that we term “collateral toxicity”. We suggest that this type of trade-off may be a more serious obstacle in new gene evolution than the more commonly discussed evolutionary trade-offs between “old” and “new” functions of a gene, as it cannot be overcome by gene copy number changes. Further, we suggest a model for how RF2 autoregulation responds not only to alterations in the demand for RF2 activity, but also for RF1 activity.

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  • 4.
    Abdel Rehim, Abbi
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry.
    Abdel Rehim, Mohamed
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry.
    Screening and determination of drugs in human saliva utilizing microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry2013In: BMC Biomedical chromotography, ISSN 0269-3879, E-ISSN 1099-0801, Vol. 27, no 9, p. 1188-1191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents a new method for collecting and handling saliva samples using an automated analytical microsyringe and microextraction by packed syringe (MEPS). The screening and determination of lidocaine in human saliva samples utilizing MEPS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out. An exact volume of saliva could be collected. The MEPS C-8-cartridge could be used for 50 extractions before it was discarded. The extraction recovery was about 60%. The pharmacokinetic curve of lidocaine in saliva using MEPS-LC-MS/MS is reported.

  • 5.
    AbdElKhalek, Y. M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Awad, M. I.
    Abd El Munim, H. E.
    Maged, S. A.
    Trajectory-based fast ball detection and tracking for an autonomous industrial robot system2021In: International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, ISSN 1740-8865, E-ISSN 1740-8873, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 126-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomising industrial robots is the main goal in this paper; imagine humanoid robots that have several degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanisms as their arms. What if the humanoid's arms could be programmed to be responsive to their surrounding environment, without any hard-coding assigned? This paper presents the idea of an autonomous system, where the system observes the surrounding environment and takes action on its observation. The application here is that of rebuffing an object that is thrown towards a robotic arm's workspace. This application mimics the idea of high dynamic responsiveness of a robot's arm. This paper will present a trajectory generation framework for rebuffing incoming flying objects. The framework bases its assumptions on inputs acquired through image processing and object detection. After extensive testing, it can be said that the proposed framework managed to fulfil the real-time system requirements for this application, with an 80% successful rebuffing rate. 

  • 6.
    Abdel-Rehim, Abbi
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry.
    Abdel-Rehim, Mohamed
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry.
    Evaluation of microextraction by packed sorbent and micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a green approach in bioanalysis2013In: BMC Biomedical chromotography, ISSN 0269-3879, E-ISSN 1099-0801, Vol. 27, no 10, p. 1225-1233Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study the use of micro-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was investigated in routine bioanalysis application for separation and quantification of pro-drug AZD6319 (developed for aldezheimer treatment). Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was used as sample clean-up method. The focus of this study was put on the evaluation of the usability of smaller column diameters such as 1.0 and 0.3mm instead of 2.1mm in bioanalysis application to reduce solvent consumption and sample volumes. Solvent consumption was reduced by 80% when a 1.0mm column was used compared with 2.1mm column. Robustness of the micro-columns in terms of accuracy and precision was investigated. The application of LC-MS/MS for the quantitative analysis of AZD6319 in plasma samples showed good selectivity, accuracy and precision. The coefficients of determination (R-2) were >0.998 for all runs using plasma samples on the studied micro-columns. The inter-day accuracy values for quality control samples ranged from 99 to 103% and from 96 to 105% for 0.3x50mm and 1.0x50mm columns, respectively. The inter-day precision values ranged from 4.0 to 9.0% and from 4.0 to 8.0% for 0.3x50 and 1.0x50mm columns, respectively. In addition the sensitivity was increased by three times using a 1.0mm column compared with 2.1mm. Furthermore, robustness of the micro-columns from different manufacturers was investigated.

  • 7.
    Abdel-Shafi, Seham
    et al.
    Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    El-Nemr, Mona
    Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Enan, Gamal
    Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Osman, Ali
    Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Sitohy, Basel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Sitohy, Mahmoud
    Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    Isolation and characterization of antibacterial conglutinins from Lupine seeds2023In: Molecules, ISSN 1431-5157, E-ISSN 1420-3049, Vol. 28, no 1, article id 35Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main target of this work is to discover new protein fractions from natural resources with high antibacterial action. The 7S and 11S globulin fractions, as well as the basic subunit (BS), were isolated from lupine seeds (Lupinus termis), chemically characterized, and screened for antibacterial activity against seven pathogenic bacteria. SDS-PAGE revealed molecular weights ranging from 55 to 75 kDa for 7S globulin, 20–37 kD for 11S globulin, and 20 kD for the BS. 11S globulin and the BS migrated faster on Urea-PAGE toward the cathode compared to 7S globulin. FTIR and NMR showed different spectral patterns between the 7S and 11S globulins but similar ones between 11S globulin and the BS. The MICs of the BS were in the range of 0.05–2 μg/mL against Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria ivanovii, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to higher values for 11S globulin. The BS surpassed 11S globulin in antibacterial action, while 7S globulin showed no effect. The MICs of 11S globulin and the BS represented only 5% and 2.5% of the specific antibiotic against L. monocytogenes, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated different signs of cellular deformation and decay in the protein-treated bacteria, probably due to interaction with the bacterial cell wall and membranes. 11S globulin and the BS can be nominated as effective food biopreservatives.

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  • 8.
    Abdurakhmanov, Eldar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Discovery and evaluation of direct acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Until recently, the standard therapy for hepatitis C treatment has been interferon and ribavirin. Such treatment has only 50% efficacy and is not well tolerated. The emergence of new drugs has increased the treatment efficacy to 90%. Despite such an achievement, the success is limited since the virus mutates rapidly, causing the emergence of drug resistant forms. In addition, most new drugs were developed to treat genotype 1 infections. Thus, development of new potent antivirals is needed and drug discovery against hepatitis C is continued.

    In this thesis, a FRET-based protease assay was used to evaluate new pyrazinone based NS3 protease inhibitors that are structurally different to the newly approved and currently developing drugs. Several compounds in this series showed good potencies in the nanomolar range against NS3 proteases from genotype 1, 3, and the drug resistance variant R155K. We assume that these compounds can be further developed into drug candidates that possess activity against above mentioned enzyme variants.

    By using SPR technology, we analyzed interaction mechanisms and characteristics of allosteric inhibitors targeting NS5B polymerases from genotypes 1 and 3. The compounds exhibited different binding mechanisms and displayed a low affinity against NS5B from genotype 3.

    In order to evaluate the activity and inhibitors of the NS5B polymerase, we established an SPR based assay, which enables the monitoring of polymerization and its inhibition in real time. This assay can readily be implemented for the discovery of inhibitors targeting HCV.

    An SPR based fragment screening approach has also been established. A screen of a fragment library has been performed in order to identify novel scaffolds that can be used as a starting point for development of new allosteric inhibitors against NS5B polymerase. Selected fragments will be further elaborated to generate a new potent allosteric drug candidate.

    Alternative approaches have successfully been developed and implemented to the discovery of potential lead compounds targeting two important HCV drug targets.

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  • 9. Abdurakhmanov, Eldar
    et al.
    Danielson, Helena
    A time-resolved surface plasmon resonance based hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase assay and its application for drug discoveryManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Abdurakhmanov, Eldar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Solbak, Sara
    Danielson, Helena
    Characterization of allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C virus polymerase – a genotype comparative studyManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Abdurakhmanov, Eldar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Solbak, Sara Oie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Danielson, U. Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Biophysical Mode-of-Action and Selectivity Analysis of Allosteric Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Polymerase2017In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 9, no 6, article id 151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) polymerase are effective for treatment of genotype 1, although their mode of action and potential to inhibit other isolates and genotypes are not well established. We have used biophysical techniques and a novel biosensor-based real-time polymerase assay to investigate the mode-of-action and selectivity of four inhibitors against enzyme from genotypes 1b (BK and Con1) and 3a. Two thumb inhibitors (lomibuvir and filibuvir) interacted with all three NS5B variants, although the affinities for the 3a enzyme were low. Of the two tested palm inhibitors (dasabuvir and nesbuvir), only dasabuvir interacted with the 1b variant, and nesbuvir interacted with NS5B 3a. Lomibuvir, filibuvir and dasabuvir stabilized the structure of the two 1b variants, but not the 3a enzyme. The thumb compounds interfered with the interaction between the enzyme and RNA and blocked the transition from initiation to elongation. The two allosteric inhibitor types have different inhibition mechanisms. Sequence and structure analysis revealed differences in the binding sites for 1b and 3a variants, explaining the poor effect against genotype 3a NS5B. The indirect mode-of-action needs to be considered when designing allosteric compounds. The current approach provides an efficient strategy for identifying and optimizing allosteric inhibitors targeting HCV genotype 3a.

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  • 12.
    Abedi-Valugerdi, Manuchehr
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Mercury and silver induce B cell activation and anti-nucleolar autoantibody production in outbred mouse stocks: are environmental factors more important than the susceptibility genes in connection with autoimmunity?2009In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology, ISSN 0009-9104, E-ISSN 1365-2249, Vol. 155, no 1, p. 117-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental and predisposing genetic factors are known to play a crucial role in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases. With respect to the role of environmental factors, it is not known how and to what extent they contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of systemic autoimmunity. In the present study, I considered this issue and asked if environmental factors can induce autoimmunity in the absence of specific susceptible genes. The development of genetically controlled mercury- and silver-induced B cell activation and anti-nucleolar autoantibodies (ANolA) production in genetically heterozygous outbred Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) and Black Swiss mouse stocks were analysed. Four weeks of treatment with both mercury and silver induced a strong B cell activation characterized by increased numbers of splenic antibody-secreting cells of at least one or more immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype(s) in all treated stocks. The three stocks also exhibited a marked increase in the serum IgE levels in response to mercury, but not silver. More importantly, in response to mercury a large numbers of ICR (88%), NMRI (96%) and Black Swiss (100%) mice produced different levels of IgG1 and IgG2a ANolA (a characteristic which is linked strictly to the H-2 genes). Similarly, but at lower magnitudes, treatment with silver also induced the production of IgG1 and IgG2a ANolA in 60% of ICR, 75% of NMRI and 100% of Black Swiss mice. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that long-term exposure to certain environmental factors can activate the immune system to produce autoimmunity per se, without requiring specific susceptible genes.

  • 13. Abel, John H.
    et al.
    Drawert, Brian
    Hellander, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computational Science.
    Petzold, Linda R.
    GillesPy: A Python package for stochastic model building and simulation2016In: IEEE Life Sciences Letters, E-ISSN 2332-7685, Vol. 2, p. 35-38Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Abelein, Axel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Abrahams, Jan Pieter
    Danielsson, Jens
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Gräslund, Astrid
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Jarvet, Juri
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Estonia.
    Luo, Jinghui
    Tiiman, Ann
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Wärmländer, Sebastian K. T. S.
    The hairpin conformation of the amyloid beta peptide is an important structural motif along the aggregation pathway2014In: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0949-8257, E-ISSN 1432-1327, Vol. 19, no 4-5, p. 623-634Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The amyloid beta (A beta) peptides are 39-42 residue-long peptides found in the senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These peptides self-aggregate in aqueous solution, going from soluble and mainly unstructured monomers to insoluble ordered fibrils. The aggregation process(es) are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Several lines of evidence indicate that the neurotoxic species are the intermediate oligomeric states appearing along the aggregation pathways. This minireview summarizes recent findings, mainly based on solution and solid-state NMR experiments and electron microscopy, which investigate the molecular structures and characteristics of the A beta peptides at different stages along the aggregation pathways. We conclude that a hairpin-like conformation constitutes a common motif for the A beta peptides in most of the described structures. There are certain variations in different hairpin conformations, for example regarding H-bonding partners, which could be one reason for the molecular heterogeneity observed in the aggregated systems. Interacting hairpins are the building blocks of the insoluble fibrils, again with variations in how hairpins are organized in the cross-section of the fibril, perpendicular to the fibril axis. The secondary structure propensities can be seen already in peptide monomers in solution. Unfortunately, detailed structural information about the intermediate oligomeric states is presently not available. In the review, special attention is given to metal ion interactions, particularly the binding constants and ligand structures of A beta complexes with Cu(II) and Zn(II), since these ions affect the aggregation process(es) and are considered to be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology.

  • 15.
    Abelein, Axel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Bolognesi, Benedetta
    Dobson, Christopher M.
    Gräslund, Astrid
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Lendel, Christofer
    Hydrophobicity and conformational change as mechanistic determinants for nonspecific modulators of amyloid β self-assembly2012In: Biochemistry, ISSN 0006-2960, E-ISSN 1520-4995, Vol. 51, no 1, p. 126-137Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The link between many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and the aberrant folding and aggregation of proteins has prompted a comprehensive search for small organic molecules that have the potential to inhibit such processes. Although many compounds have been reported to affect the formation of amyloid fibrils and/or other types of protein aggregates, the mechanisms by which they act are not well understood. A large number of compounds appear to act in a nonspecific way affecting several different amyloidogenic proteins. We describe here a detailed study of the mechanism of action of one representative compound, lacmoid, in the context of the inhibition of the aggregation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) associated with Alzheimer's disease. We show that lacmoid binds Aβ(1-40) in a surfactant-like manner and counteracts the formation of all types of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) aggregates. On the basis of these and previous findings, we are able to rationalize the molecular mechanisms of action of nonspecific modulators of protein self-assembly in terms of hydrophobic attraction and the conformational preferences of the polypeptide.

  • 16.
    Abelein, Axel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Kaspersen, Jørn Døvling
    Nielsen, Søren Bang
    Jensen, Grethe Vestergaard
    Christiansen, Gunna
    Pedersen, Jan Skov
    Danielsson, Jens
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Otzen, Daniel E.
    Gräslund, Astrid
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Formation of dynamic soluble surfactant-induced amyloid β peptide aggregation intermediates2013In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 288, no 32, p. 23518-23528Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intermediate amyloidogenic states along the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregation pathway have been shown to be linked to neurotoxicity. To shed more light on the different structures that may arise during Aβ aggregation, we here investigate surfactant-induced Aβ aggregation. This process leads to co-aggregates featuring a β-structure motif that is characteristic for mature amyloid-like structures. Surfactants induce secondary structure in Aβ in a concentration-dependent manner, from predominantly random coil at low surfactant concentration, via β-structure to the fully formed α-helical state at high surfactant concentration. The β-rich state is the most aggregation-prone as monitored by thioflavin T fluorescence. Small angle x-ray scattering reveals initial globular structures of surfactant-Aβ co-aggregated oligomers and formation of elongated fibrils during a slow aggregation process. Alongside this slow (minutes to hours time scale) fibrillation process, much faster dynamic exchange (k(ex) ∼1100 s(-1)) takes place between free and co-aggregate-bound peptide. The two hydrophobic segments of the peptide are directly involved in the chemical exchange and interact with the hydrophobic part of the co-aggregates. Our findings suggest a model for surfactant-induced aggregation where free peptide and surfactant initially co-aggregate to dynamic globular oligomers and eventually form elongated fibrils. When interacting with β-structure promoting substances, such as surfactants, Aβ is kinetically driven toward an aggregation-prone state.

  • 17.
    Abelein, Axel
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Lang, Lisa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Lendel, Christofer
    Gräslund, Astrid
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Danielsson, Jens
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Transient small molecule interactions kinetically modulate amyloid beta peptide self-assembly2012In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 586, no 22, p. 3991-3995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Small organic molecules, like Congo red and lacmoid, have been shown to modulate the self-assembly of the amyloid beta peptide (A beta). Here, we show that A beta forms NMR invisible non-toxic co-aggregates together with lacmoid as well as Congo red. We find that the interaction involves two distinct kinetic processes and at every given time point only a small fraction of A beta is in the co-aggregate. These weak transient interactions kinetically redirect the aggregation prone A beta from self-assembling into amyloid fibrils. These findings suggest that even such weak binders might be effective as therapeutics against pathogenic protein aggregation.

  • 18.
    Abellan-Flos, Marta
    et al.
    Univ Namur, Belgium;PSL Univ, France.
    Timmer, Brian J. J.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Altun, Samuel
    Attana AB, Sweden.
    Aastrup, Teodor
    Attana AB, Sweden.
    Vincent, Stephane P.
    Univ Namur, Belgium.
    Ramström, Olof
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden;Univ Massachusetts, USA.
    QCM sensing of multivalent interactions between lectins and well-defined glycosylated nanoplatforms2019In: Biosensors & bioelectronics, ISSN 0956-5663, E-ISSN 1873-4235, Vol. 139, article id 111328Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methodology has been adopted to unravel important factors contributing to the "cluster glycoside effect" observed in carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Well-defined, glycosylated nanostructures of precise sizes, geometries and functionalization patterns were designed and synthesized, and applied to analysis of the interaction kinetics and thermodynamics with immobilized lectins. The nanostructures were based on Borromean rings, dodecaamine cages, and fullerenes, each of which carrying a defined number of carbohydrate ligands at precise locations. The synthesis of the Borromeates and dodecaamine cages was easily adjustable due to the modular assembly of the structures, resulting in variations in presentation mode. The binding properties of the glycosylated nanoplatforms were evaluated using flow-through QCM technology, as well as hemagglutination inhibition assays, and compared with dodecaglycosylated fullerenes and a monovalent reference. With the QCM setup, the association and dissociation rate constants and the associated equilibrium constants of the interactions could be estimated, and the results used to delineate the multivalency effects of the lectin-nanostructure interactions.

  • 19.
    Abens, Jānis
    Stockholm University.
    On the neurohormonal peptides NPY and VIP and their receptors1988Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Abosedera, Dalia A.
    et al.
    Univ Sadat City, Environm Studies & Res Inst, Dept Nat Resources, Sadat City, Egypt..
    Emara, S. A.
    Univ Sadat City, Fac Vet Med, Dept Cytol & Histol, Sadat City, Egypt..
    Tamam, Omar A. S.
    Univ Sadat City, Environm Studies & Res Inst, Dept Nat Resources, Sadat City, Egypt..
    Badr, Osama M.
    Univ Sadat City, Anim Biotechnol Dept, Genet Engn & Biotechnol Inst GEBRI, Sadat City, Egypt..
    Khalifa, Shaden A. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Wenner Gren Inst, Dept Mol Biosci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    El-Seedi, Hesham
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Farmakognosi. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. BJiangsu Univ, Int Res Ctr Food Nutr & Safety, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Jiangsu Univ, Jiangsu Educ Dept, Int Joint Res Lab Intelligent Agr & Agriprod Proc, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Menoufia Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Menoufia 32511, Egypt..
    Refaey, Mohamed S.
    Univ Sadat City, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Menoufia 32897, Egypt..
    Metabolomic profile and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of Asphodelus microcarpus against human malignant melanoma cells A3752022In: Arabian Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 1878-5352, E-ISSN 1878-5379 , Vol. 15, no 10, article id 104174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Melanoma is a huge worldwide health problem that must be handled more effectively with better therapeutic options. As a result, new treatment drugs are required to treat this condition. The goal of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the anthraquinone-rich fractions obtained from Asphodelus microcarpus against human melanoma cell A375. On these melanoma cell lines; the cytotoxicity of these fractions had never been studied before. Liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance was used to determine the chemical profiles of these fractions. The cytotoxicity of the fractions studied was determined by measuring cell viability and calculating IC50 values. Both ethyl acetate (EtOAC) and the precipitate fractions (PPT) exhibited selective cytotoxicity on human melanoma A 375 cell line with IC50 values of 83 and 65 mu g/mL, respectively. The antiproliferative properties of EtOAc fraction and PPT were supported by a noticeable decrease in cell numbers during the G2/M cell cycle arrest. Our findings suggest that the anthraquinone content of A. microcarpus tubers is responsible for its anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties and that further in vivo investigations should be conducted to establish the viability of using them to treat human melanomas.

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  • 21.
    Abouzayed, Ayman
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theranostics.
    Tano, Hanna
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Prot Sci, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nagy, Abel
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Prot Sci, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rinne, Sara S.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theranostics.
    Wadeea, Fadya
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry.
    Kumar, Sharmishtaa
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Prot Sci, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Westerlund, Kristina
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Prot Sci, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science. Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
    Eriksson Karlström, Amelie
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Prot Sci, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Orlova, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theranostics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Res Sch Chem & Appl Biomed Sci, Res Centrum Oncotheranost, Tomsk 634050, Russia..
    Preclinical Evaluation of the GRPR-Targeting Antagonist RM26 Conjugated to the Albumin-Binding Domain for GRPR-Targeting Therapy of Cancer2020In: Pharmaceutics, ISSN 1999-4923, E-ISSN 1999-4923, Vol. 12, no 10, article id 977Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) was recently proposed for targeted therapy, e.g., radiotherapy. Multiple and frequent injections of peptide-based therapeutic agents would be required due to rapid blood clearance. By conjugation of the GRPR antagonist RM26 (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) to an ABD (albumin-binding domain), we aimed to extend the blood circulation of peptides. The synthesized conjugate DOTA-ABD-RM26 was labelled with indium-111 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The labelled conjugate was stable in PBS and retained specificity and its antagonistic function against GRPR. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of In-nat-DOTA-ABD-RM26 in the presence of human serum albumin was 49 +/- 5 nM. [In-111]In-DOTA-ABD-RM26 had a significantly longer residence time in blood and in tumors (without a significant decrease of up to 144 h pi) than the parental RM26 peptide. We conclude that the ABD-RM26 conjugate can be used for GRPR-targeted therapy and delivery of cytotoxic drugs. However, the undesirable elevated activity uptake in kidneys abolishes its use for radionuclide therapy. This proof-of-principle study justified further optimization of the molecular design of the ABD-RM26 conjugate.

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  • 22.
    Aboye, Teshome L.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    Strömstedt, Adam A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    Gunasekera, Sunithi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    Bruhn, Jan G.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    El-Seedi, Hesham
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    Rosengren, K. Johan
    Göransson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    A Cactus-Derived Toxin-Like Cystine Knot Peptide with Selective Antimicrobial Activity2015In: ChemBioChem (Print), ISSN 1439-4227, E-ISSN 1439-7633, Vol. 16, no 7, p. 1068-1077Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Naturally occurring cystine knot peptides show a wide range of biological activity, and as they have inherent stability they represent potential scaffolds for peptide-based drug design and biomolecular engineering. Here we report the discovery, sequencing, chemical synthesis, three-dimensional solution structure determination and bioactivity of the first cystine knot peptide from Cactaceae (cactus) family: Ep-AMP1 from Echinopsis pachanoi. The structure of Ep-AMP1 (35 amino acids) conforms to that of the inhibitor cystine knot (or knottin) family but represents a novel diverse sequence; its activity was more than 500 times higher against bacterial than against eukaryotic cells. Rapid bactericidal action and liposome leakage implicate membrane permeabilisation as the mechanism of action. Sequence homology places Ec-AMP1 in the plant C6-type of antimicrobial peptides, but the three dimensional structure is highly similar to that of a spider neurotoxin.

  • 23. Abraham, Edit
    et al.
    Miskolczi, Pal
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Ayaydin, Ferhan
    Yu, Ping
    Kotogany, Edit
    Bako, Laszlo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Oetvoes, Krisztina
    Horvath, Gabor V.
    Dudits, Denes
    Immunodetection of retinoblastoma-related protein and its phosphorylated form in interphase and mitotic alfalfa cells2011In: Journal of Experimental Botany, ISSN 0022-0957, E-ISSN 1460-2431, Vol. 62, no 6, p. 2155-2168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Plant retinoblastoma-related (RBR) proteins are primarily considered as key regulators of G(1)/S phase transition, with functional roles in a variety of cellular events during plant growth and organ development. Polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal region of the Arabidopsis RBR1 protein also specifically recognizes the alfalfa 115 kDa MsRBR protein, as shown by the antigen competition assay. The MsRBR protein was detected in all cell cycle phases, with a moderate increase in samples representing G(2)/M cells. Antibody against the human phospho-pRb peptide (Ser807/811) cross-reacted with the same 115 kDa MsRBR protein and with the in vitro phosphorylated MsRBR protein C-terminal fragment. Phospho-MsRBR protein was low in G(1) cells. Its amount increased upon entry into the S phase and remained high during the G(2)/M phases. Roscovitine treatment abolished the activity of alfalfa MsCDKA1;1 and MsCDKB2;1, and the phospho-MsRBR protein level was significantly decreased in the treated cells. Colchicine block increased the detected levels of both forms of MsRBR protein. Reduced levels of the MsRBR protein in cells at stationary phase or grown in hormone-free medium can be a sign of the division-dependent presence of plant RBR proteins. Immunolocalization of the phospho-MsRBR protein indicated spots of variable number and size in the labelled interphase nuclei and high signal intensity of nuclear granules in prophase. Structures similar to phospho-MsRBR proteins cannot be recognized in later mitotic phases. Based on the presented western blot and immunolocalization data, the possible involvement of RBR proteins in G(2)/M phase regulation in plant cells is discussed.

  • 24.
    Abramson, Jeff
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry.
    Structural studies on the integral membrane protein, ubiquinol oxidase from Escherichia coli2001Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Heme-copper oxidases are redox-driven proton pumps that couple the reduction of molecular oxygen to water with the vectorial translocation of protons across the membrane. The proton gradient generated by heme-copper oxidases and the other members of the aerobic respiratory chain is ultimately used to drive the synthesis of ATP. There are two main branches of the heme-copper oxidases that are characterized by the electron donating substrate; the cytochrome c oxidases, which use cytochrome c as the electron donor, and the ubiquinol oxidases, which use a lipid-soluble molecule, ubiquinol, as their electron donor. These enzymes share important structural and functional features.

    This thesis presents the procedures that have led to the first crystal structure of a ubiquinol oxidase, cytochrome bo, oxidase from Escherichia coli, at a resolution of 3.5 Å. The overall structure of the enzyme is similar to those of cytochrome c oxidases; however the membrane spanning region of subunit I contains a cluster of polar residues exposed to the interior of the lipid bilayer. No such structural feature is present in cytochrome c oxidases. Mutagenesis studies on residues in this region strongly suggest that this area forms a ubiquinone binding site. A comparison of this region with known ubiquinone binding sites shows remarkable similarities. In light of these findings specific roles for these polar residues is proposed in electron and proton transfer in ubiquinol oxidase.

    A fusion protein of cytochrome bo3-Protein Z was generated in an attempt to increase the hydrophilic surface of the protein, thus extending protein-protein contacts within the crystal lattice structure. Such an approach can be used to facilitate crystallization.

  • 25. Abramsson, Mia L
    et al.
    Sahin, Cagla
    Hopper, Jonathan T S
    Branca, Rui M M
    Danielsson, Jens
    Xu, Mingming
    Chandler, Shane A
    Österlund, Nicklas
    Ilag, Leopold L
    Leppert, Axel
    Costeira-Paulo, Joana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Lang, Lisa
    Teilum, Kaare
    Robinson, Carol V
    Laganowsky, Arthur
    Benesch, Justin L P
    Oliveberg, Mikael
    Marklund, Erik G
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Allison, Timothy M
    Winther, Jakob R
    Landreh, Michael
    Charge engineering reveals the roles of ionizable side chains in electrospray ionization mass spectrometryManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of ionizable side chains in the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of intact proteins remains hotly debated but has not been conclusively addressed because multiple chargeable sites are present in virtually all proteins. Using engineered soluble proteins, we show that ionizable side chains are completely dispensable for charging under native conditions, but if present, they are preferential protonation sites. The absence of ionizable side chains results in identical charge state distributions under native-like and denaturing conditions, whilst co-existing conformers can be distinguished using ion mobility separation. An excess of ionizable side chains, on the other hand, effectively modulates protein ion stability. We conclude that the sum of charges is governed solely by Coulombic terms, while their locations affect the stability of the protein in the gas phase.

  • 26. Abreu, Ilka N.
    et al.
    Aksmann, Anna
    Bajhaiya, Amit K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Benlloch, Reyes
    Giordano, Mario
    Pokora, Wojciech
    Selstam, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Moritz, Thomas
    Changes in lipid and carotenoid metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during induction of CO2-concentrating mechanism: Cellular response to low CO2 stress2020In: Algal Research, ISSN 2211-9264, Vol. 52, article id 102099Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photosynthetic organisms strictly depend on CO2 availability and the CO2:O2 ratio, as both CO2/O2 compete for catalytic site of Rubisco. Green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, can overcome CO2 shortage by inducing CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Cells transferred to low-CO2 are subjected to light-driven oxidative stress due to decrease in the electron sink. Response to environmental perturbations is mediated to some extent by changes in the lipid and carotenoid metabolism. We thus hypothesize that when cells are challenged with changes in CO2 availability, changes in the lipidome and carotenoids profile occur. These changes expected to be transient, when CCM is activated, CO2 limitation will be substantially ameliorated. In our experiments, cells were transferred from high (5%) to low (air equilibrium) CO2. qPCR analysis of genes related to CCM and lipid metabolism was carried out. Lipidome was analyzed both in whole cells and in isolated lipid droplets. We characterized the changes in polar lipids, fatty acids and ketocarotenoids. In general, polar lipids significantly and transiently increased in lipid droplets during CCM. Similar pattern was observed for xanthophylls, ketocarotenoids and their esters. The data supports our hypothesis about the roles of lipids and carotenoids in tackling the oxidative stress associated with acclimation to sub-saturating CO2.

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  • 27.
    Abreu-Vieira, Gustavo
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, USA.
    Xiao, Cuiying
    Gavrilova, Oksana
    Reitman, Marc L.
    Integration of body temperature into the analysis of energy expenditure in the mouse2015In: Molecular Metabolism, ISSN 2212-8778, Vol. 4, no 6, p. 461-470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: We quantified the effect of environmental temperature on mouse energy homeostasis and body temperature.Methods: The effect of environmental temperature (4e33 C) on body temperature, energy expenditure, physical activity, and food intake invarious mice (chow diet, high-fat diet, Brs3-/y, lipodystrophic) was measured using continuous monitoring.Results: Body temperature depended most on circadian phase and physical activity, but also on environmental temperature. The amounts ofenergy expenditure due to basal metabolic rate (calculated via a novel method), thermic effect of food, physical activity, and cold-inducedthermogenesis were determined as a function of environmental temperature. The measured resting defended body temperature matchedthat calculated from the energy expenditure using Fourier’s law of heat conduction. Mice defended a higher body temperature during physicalactivity. The cost of the warmer body temperature during the active phase is 4e16% of total daily energy expenditure. Parameters measured indiet-induced obese and Brs3-/y mice were similar to controls. The high post-mortem heat conductance demonstrates that most insulation in miceis via physiological mechanisms.Conclusions: At 22 C, cold-induced thermogenesis isw120% of basal metabolic rate. The higher body temperature during physical activity isdue to a higher set point, not simply increased heat generation during exercise. Most insulation in mice is via physiological mechanisms, with littlefrom fur or fat. Our analysis suggests that the definition of the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone should be re-considered. Measuring bodytemperature informs interpretation of energy expenditure data and improves the predictiveness and utility of the mouse to model human energyhomeostasis.

  • 28.
    Achour, Cyrinne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Canonical and non-canonical functions of METTL3 in breast cancer2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Gene expression is spatially and temporally regulated at multiple levels. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs). m6A plays important roles in multiple cellular processes including stem cell pluripotency, adipogenesis, spermatogenesis, neurogenesis, circadian rhythm and development by modulating RNA splicing, export, stability, degradation and translation. Although aberrant m6A methylation has been reported in various types of cancer, the underlying molecular functions of METTL3, the solely catalytic subunit of the m6A-methylase complex, has yet to be defined.

    m6A has been recently identified in nascent pre-mRNA, and more specifically intronic m6A has been linked to exon skipping events. The occurrence of impaired alternative splicing (AS) is frequently found during the development of cancer. We performed transcriptome wide analysis in breast cancer cell lines and explored AS events. Our results define an AS signature for breast tumorigenesis. We found that METTL3 modulates AS directly through m6A deposition at the intron-exon junctions or indirectly by the m6A deposition in transcripts encoding for splicing factors and transcription factors. In particular, we show that MYC mRNA harbours the m6A mark, suggesting that METTL3 regulates AS indirectly via the regulation of MYC expression. Indeed, the targets of MYC overlapped with METTL3-associated AS events. Importantly, five of the AS events identified and validated in vitro, are linked to a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Additionally, we show that METTL3 enhances the breast cancer phenotype through a dual mechanism depending on its sub-cellular localization. We find that the canonical nuclear function of METTL3 decorates transcripts that are involved in cell proliferation and migration. We observe that METTL3 is highly expressed in the cytoplasmic compartment of breast cancer cells from patients. Remarkably, we uncover that the cytoplasmic METTL3 interacts with subunits of the exocyst, whose subunit EXOC7 has been linked to cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Notably, we show that breast cancer cell lines depleted of METTL3 display less gelatinase activity and invadopodia formation, supporting the role of METTL3 in cell invasion via exocytosis.

    m6A is a reversible modification, which can be demethylated by the erasers FTO and ALKBH5. Depletion of FTO has been shown to increase the level of m6A in mRNA, however recent studies have reported that FTO could demethylate N6,2´-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), adjacent to the 7-methylguanosine cap on mRNA. In the cellular model of colorectal cancer CRC1, depletion of FTO leads to a cancer stem cell phenotype and confers chemotherapy resistance. By performing m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (MeRIP), we show that knockdown of FTO in CRC1 cells does not affect the global level of m6A in mRNA but of m6Am level.

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  • 29.
    Achour, Cyrinne
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Bhattarai, Devi Prasad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Esteva-Socias, Margalida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth
    Malla, Sandhya
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Seier, Kerstin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Marchand, Virginie
    Motorine, Yuri
    Lundin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    Gilthorpe, Jonathan D.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Marzese, Diego Matias
    Bally, Marta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Roman, Angel-Carlos
    Pich, Andreas
    Aguilo, Francesca
    Reshaping the role of METTL3 in breast tumorigenesisManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Achour, Cyrinne
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Bhattarai, Devi Prasad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Groza, Paula
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Roman, Ángel-Carlos
    Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
    Aguilo, Francesca
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    METTL3 regulates breast cancer-associated alternative splicing switches2023In: Oncogene, ISSN 0950-9232, E-ISSN 1476-5594, Vol. 42, p. 911-925Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alternative splicing (AS) enables differential inclusion of exons from a given transcript, thereby contributing to the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Aberrant AS patterns play major roles in the development of different pathologies, including breast cancer. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, influences tumor progression and metastasis of breast cancer, and it has been recently linked to AS regulation. Here, we identify a specific AS signature associated with breast tumorigenesis in vitro. We characterize for the first time the role of METTL3 in modulating breast cancer-associated AS programs, expanding the role of the m6A-methyltransferase in tumorigenesis. Specifically, we find that both m6A deposition in splice site boundaries and in splicing and transcription factor transcripts, such as MYC, direct AS switches of specific breast cancer-associated transcripts. Finally, we show that five of the AS events validated in vitro are associated with a poor overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer, suggesting the use of these AS events as a novel potential prognostic biomarker.

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  • 31.
    Acuña, Ulyana Muñoz
    et al.
    Ohio State University, USA.
    Curley, Robert W
    Ohio State University, USA.
    Fatima, Nighat
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan;University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA.
    Ahmed, Safia
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.
    Chang, Leng Chee
    University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA.
    De Blanco, Esperanza J Carcache
    Ohio State University, USA.
    Differential Effect of Wortmannolone Derivatives on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.2017In: Anticancer Research, ISSN 0250-7005, E-ISSN 1791-7530, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 1617-1623Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/AIM: The survival rate of women diagnosed with triple-negative breast-cancer (TNBC) remains low. Hence, this study aimed at the chemical and biological optimization of furanosteroid derivatives for the treatment of this type of malignancy using TNBC cells.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-synthetic analogs of wortmannolone (1-6) that negatively affected the aberrant pathways in tumor cells were evaluated in hormone-independent breast cancer cells using western blot and cell-cycle analysis.

    RESULTS: Wortmannolone derivatization generated NF-ĸB inhibitors as new lead structures for further development. Compound (3) was found to be the most significantly active lead.

    CONCLUSION: Structure-activity analysis in the present study showed that acetylation of the hydroxyl groups and substitution on C3 and C17 of wortmannolone enhanced biological activity. Alpha-substitution of the acetyl group in C3 on ring A (compound 3) resulted in ROS inducing effect; however, presence of an acetyl group in β-position of C3 displayed the highest NF-ĸB p65 inhibitory activity (0.60 μM).

  • 32. Adair, Elaine
    et al.
    Danilov, Leonid L.
    Dorfmueller, Helge
    Korotkova, Natalia
    Lucas, Kieron
    Mansoor, Saria
    Meyer, Benjamin H.
    Ndeh, Didier
    Ruda, Alessandro
    Rush, Jeffery
    Torgov, Vladimir I.
    Uhrin, Dusan
    Vesekovsky, Vladimir V.
    Wagstaff, Ben
    Widmalm, Göran
    Zorzoli, Azul
    Human and veterinary pathogenic Streptococci synthesize universal a-1,3-rhamnose adaptor polysaccharide carrying the species-specific Lancefield carbohydratesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 33. Adami, C.
    et al.
    Qian, J.
    Rupp, M.
    Hintze, Arend
    Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, United States; Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.
    Information content of colored motifs in complex networks2011In: Artificial Life, ISSN 1064-5462, E-ISSN 1530-9185, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 375-390Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study complex networks in which the nodes are tagged with different colors depending on their function (colored graphs), using information theory applied to the distribution of motifs in such networks. We find that colored motifs can be viewed as the building blocks of the networks (much more than the uncolored structural motifs can be) and that the relative frequency with which these motifs appear in the network can be used to define its information content. This information is defined in such a way that a network with random coloration (but keeping the relative number of nodes with different colors the same) has zero color information content. Thus, colored motif information captures the exceptionality of coloring in the motifs that is maintained via selection. We study the motif information content of the C. elegans brain as well as the evolution of colored motif information in networks that reflect the interaction between instructions in genomes of digital life organisms. While we find that colored motif information appears to capture essential functionality in the C. elegans brain (where the color assignment of nodes is straightforward), it is not obvious whether the colored motif information content always increases during evolution, as would be expected from a measure that captures network complexity. For a single choice of color assignment of instructions in the digital life form Avida, we find rather that colored motif information content increases or decreases during evolution, depending on how the genomes are organized, and therefore could be an interesting tool to dissect genomic rearrangements. © 2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

  • 34. Adase, Christopher A.
    et al.
    Draheim, Roger R.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Goethe University .
    Rueda, Garrett
    Desai, Raj
    Manson, Michael D.
    Residues at the Cytoplasmic End of Transmembrane Helix 2 Determine the Signal Output of the Tar(Ec) Chemoreceptor2013In: Biochemistry, ISSN 0006-2960, E-ISSN 1520-4995, Vol. 52, no 16, p. 2729-2738Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Baseline signal output and communication between the periplasmic and cytoplasmic domains of the Escherichia colt aspartate chemoreceptor Tar(Ec) are both strongly influenced by residues at the C-terminus of transmembrane helix 2 (TM2). In particular, the cytoplasmic aromatic anchor, composed of residues Trp-209 and Tyr-210 in wild type Tar(Ec) is important for determining the CheA kinase-stimulating activity of the receptor and its ability to respond to chemoeffector-induced stimuli. Here, we have studied the effect on Tar(Ec) function of the six residue sequence at positions 207-212 Moving various combinations of aromatic residues among these positions generates substantial changes M receptor activity. Trp has the largest effect on function, both in maintaining normal activity and in altering activity when it is moved. Tyr has a weaker effect, and Phe has the weakest; however, all three aromatic residues can alter signal output when they are placed in novel positions. We also find that Gly-211 plays an important role in receptor function, perhaps because of the flexibility it introduces into the TM2-HAMP domain connector. The conservation of this Gly residue in the high-abundance chemoreceptors of E. coli and Salmonella enterica suggests that it may be important for the nuanced, bidirectional transmembrane signaling that occurs in these proteins.

  • 35.
    Adhikari, Deepak
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Signaling pathways in the development of female germ cells2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Primordial follicles are the first small follicles to appear in the mammalian ovary. Women are born with a fixed number of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Once formed, the pool of primordial follicles serves as a source of developing follicles and oocytes. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate the functional role of the intra-oocyte signaling pathways, especially the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathways in the regulation of primordial follicle activation and survival. We found that a primordial follicle remains dormant when the PI3K and mTORC1 signaling in its oocyte is activated to an appropriate level, which is just sufficient to maintain its survival, but not sufficient for its growth initiation. Hyperactivation of either of these signaling pathways causes global activation of the entire pool of primordial follicles leading to the exhaustion of all the follicles in young adulthood in mice. Mammalian oocytes, while growing within the follicles, remain arrested at prophase I of meiosis. Oocytes within the fully-grown antral follicles resume meiosis upon a preovulatory surge of leutinizing hormone (LH), which indicates that LH mediates the resumption of meiosis. The prophase I arrest in the follicle-enclosed oocyte is the result of low maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity, and resumption of meiosis upon the arrival of hormonal signals is mediated by activation of MPF. MPF is a complex of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B1, which is essential and sufficient for entry into mitosis. Although much of the mitotic cell cycle machinery is shared during meiosis, lack of Cdk2  in mice leads to a postnatal loss of all oocytes, indicating that Cdk2 is important for oocyte survival, and probably oocyte meiosis also. There have been conflicting results earlier about the role of Cdk2 in metaphase II arrest of Xenopus  oocytes. Thus the second aim of the thesis was to identify the specific Cdk that is essential for mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. We generated mouse models with oocytespecific deletion of Cdk1  or Cdk2  and studied the specific requirements of Cdk1 and Cdk2 during resumption of oocyte meiosis. We found that only Cdk1 is essential and sufficient for the oocyte meiotic maturation. Cdk1 does not only phosphorylate the meiotic phosphoproteins during meiosis resumption but also phosphorylates and suppresses the downstream protein phosphatase 1, which is essential for protecting the Cdk1 substrates from dephosphorylation.

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    Thesis-Deepak Adhikari
  • 36.
    Adhikari, Deepak
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Liu, Kui
    Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Regulation of quiescence and activation of oocyte growth in primordial follicles2013In: Oogenesis / [ed] Giovanni Coticchio; David F. Albertini; Lucia De Santis, London: Springer, 2013, 1, p. 49-62Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Once formed, the pool of dormant primordial follicles serves as the source of developing follicles and fertilizable ova for the duration of a female’s reproductive life. Depending upon the species, primordial follicles can remain quiescent for months, years, or even decades, and the highly regulated process of primordial follicle activation ensures the availability of growing follicles throughout the reproductive period. We have recently begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of follicular quiescence and the activation of primordial follicles, mainly through the use of genetically modified mouse models. Both overactivation as well as the failure of activation of primordial follicles can lead to pathological conditions such as premature ovarian failure (POF) in the experimental models. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms that regulate quiescence and activation of oocyte growth in primordial follicles will have important biological and clinical implications.

  • 37.
    Adhikari, Subash
    et al.
    Macquarie Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Fac Med Hlth & Human Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia..
    Nice, Edouard C.
    Macquarie Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Fac Med Hlth & Human Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.;Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia..
    Deutsch, Eric W.
    Inst Syst Biol, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109 USA..
    Lane, Lydie
    Univ Geneva, SIB Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Fac Med, CMU, Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.;Univ Geneva, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, Fac Med, CMU, Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Omenn, Gilbert S.
    Univ Michigan, Dept Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Pennington, Stephen R.
    Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst Biomol & Biomed Res, Sch Med, Dublin, Ireland..
    Paik, Young-Ki
    Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Sudaemoon Ku, 50 Yonsei ro, Seoul 120749, South Korea..
    Overall, Christopher M.
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Dent, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Corrales, Fernando J.
    Ctr Nacl Biotecnol CSIC, Funct Prote Lab, Proteored ISCIII, Madrid 28049, Spain..
    Cristea, Ileana M.
    Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA..
    Van Eyk, Jennifer E.
    Smidt Heart Inst, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Adv Clin Biosyst Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA..
    Uhlen, Mathias
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Engn Sci Chem, Sci Life Lab Biotechnol & Hlth, S-17121 Solna, Sweden..
    Lindskog, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical and experimental pathology.
    Chan, Daniel W.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol & Oncol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA..
    Bairoch, Amos
    Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA..
    Waddington, James C.
    Justice, Joshua L.
    Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA..
    LaBaer, Joshua
    Rodriguez, Henry
    NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    He, Fuchu
    Beijing Inst Life, Beijing Proteome Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Prot Sci Beijing, State Key Lab Prote, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China..
    Kostrzewa, Markus
    Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Microbiol & Diagnost, Fahrenheitstr, D-428359 Bremen, Germany..
    Ping, Peipei
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Cardiac Prote & Signaling Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Gundry, Rebekah L.
    Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc Med, Cardiom Program, Ctr Heart & Vasc Res, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.;Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Cardiom Program, Ctr Heart & Vasc Res, Omaha, NE 68198 USA..
    Stewart, Peter
    Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Camperdown, NSW, Australia..
    Srivastava, Sanjeeva
    Indian Inst Technol, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India..
    Srivastava, Sudhir
    Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Canc Biomarkers Res Branch, Med Ctr Dr, Suite 5E136, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.;Fed Univ Rio Janeiro, Inst Chem, Lab Prote, Athos da Silveria Ramos,149, BR-21941909 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
    Nogueira, Fabio C. S.
    Fed Univ Rio Janeiro, Inst Chem, Prote Unit, Athos da Silveria Ramos,149, BR-21941909 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Univ Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG BGE,U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Domont, Gilberto B.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG BGE,U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Vandenbrouck, Yves
    Univ Colorado, Dept Med Cardiol, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Genet, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA..
    Lam, Maggie P. Y.
    Univ Colorado, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA.;European Bioinformat Inst, Mol Biol Lab, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England..
    Wennersten, Sara
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Vizcaino, Juan Antonio
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0404, San Diego, CA 92093 USA..
    Wilkins, Marc
    Lund Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Lund, Sweden..
    Schwenk, Jochen M.
    Lundberg, Emma
    Bandeira, Nuno
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, UT Hlth, Dept Biochem & Struct Biol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA..
    Marko-Varga, Gyorgy
    Univ Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IREST,UMR S 1085, F-35042 Rennes, France..
    Weintraub, Susan T.
    Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, NL-2333 Leiden, Netherlands..
    Pineau, Charles
    Stanford Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Kusebauch, Ulrike
    Moritz, Robert L.
    Ahn, Seong Beom
    Palmblad, Magnus
    Univ Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IREST,UMR S 1085, F-35042 Rennes, France..
    Snyder, Michael P.
    Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, NL-2333 Leiden, Netherlands..
    Aebersold, Ruedi
    Stanford Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Baker, Mark S.
    Macquarie Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Fac Med Hlth & Human Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.;Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, NL-2333 Leiden, Netherlands.;Univ Zurich, Fac Sci, Zurich, Switzerland..
    A high-stringency blueprint of the human proteome2020In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 5301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) launched the Human Proteome Project (HPP) in 2010, creating an international framework for global collaboration, data sharing, quality assurance and enhancing accurate annotation of the genome-encoded proteome. During the subsequent decade, the HPP established collaborations, developed guidelines and metrics, and undertook reanalysis of previously deposited community data, continuously increasing the coverage of the human proteome. On the occasion of the HPP's tenth anniversary, we here report a 90.4% complete high-stringency human proteome blueprint. This knowledge is essential for discerning molecular processes in health and disease, as we demonstrate by highlighting potential roles the human proteome plays in our understanding, diagnosis and treatment of cancers, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. The Human Proteome Project (HPP) was launched in 2010 to enhance accurate annotation of the genome-encoded proteome. Ten years later, the HPP releases its first blueprint of the human proteome, annotating 90% of all known proteins at high-stringency and discussing the implications of proteomics for precision medicine.

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  • 38. Adhikari, Subash
    et al.
    Uhlén, Mathias
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Baker, Mark S.
    A high-stringency blueprint of the human proteome2020In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 5301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) launched the Human Proteome Project (HPP) in 2010, creating an international framework for global collaboration, data sharing, quality assurance and enhancing accurate annotation of the genome-encoded proteome. During the subsequent decade, the HPP established collaborations, developed guidelines and metrics, and undertook reanalysis of previously deposited community data, continuously increasing the coverage of the human proteome. On the occasion of the HPP's tenth anniversary, we here report a 90.4% complete high-stringency human proteome blueprint. This knowledge is essential for discerning molecular processes in health and disease, as we demonstrate by highlighting potential roles the human proteome plays in our understanding, diagnosis and treatment of cancers, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. The Human Proteome Project (HPP) was launched in 2010 to enhance accurate annotation of the genome-encoded proteome. Ten years later, the HPP releases its first blueprint of the human proteome, annotating 90% of all known proteins at high-stringency and discussing the implications of proteomics for precision medicine.

  • 39. Adkar-Purushothama, Charith Raj
    et al.
    Bolduc, Francois
    Bru, Pierrick
    RNA Group/Groupe ARN, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Present address: Institutionen för Fysiologisk Botanik, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Perreault, Jean-Pierre
    Insights Into Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Quasi-Species From Infection to Disease2020In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 11, article id 1235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Viroids are non-coding RNA plant pathogens that are characterized by their possession of a high mutation level. Although the sequence heterogeneity in viroid infected plants is well understood, shifts in viroid population dynamics due to mutations over the course of infection remain poorly understood. In this study, the ten most abundant sequence variants of potato spindle tuber viroid RG1 (PSTVd) expressed at different time intervals in PSTVd infected tomato plants were identified by high-throughput sequencing. The sequence variants, forming a quasi-species, were subjected to both the identification of the regions favoring mutations and the effect of the mutations on viroid secondary structure and viroid derived small RNAs (vd-sRNA). At week 1 of PSTVd infection, 25% of the sequence variants were similar to the "master" sequence (i.e., the sequence used for inoculation). The frequency of the master sequence within the population increased to 70% at week 2 after PSTVd infection, and then stabilized for the rest of the disease cycle (i.e., weeks 3 and 4). While some sequence variants were abundant at week 1 after PSTVd infection, they tended to decrease in frequency over time. For example, the variants with insertions at positions 253 or 254, positions that could affect the Loop E as well as the metastable hairpin I structure that has been shown important during replication and viroid infectivity, resulted in decreased frequency. Data obtained byin silicoanalysis of the viroid derived small RNAs (vd-sRNA) was also analyzed. A few mutants had the potential of positively affecting the viroid's accumulation by inducing the RNA silencing of the host's defense related genes. Variants with mutations that could negatively affect viroid abundance were also identified because their derived vd-sRNA were no longer capable of targeting any host mRNA or of changing its target sequence from a host defense gene to some other non-important host gene. Together, these findings open avenues into understanding the biological role of sequence variants, this viroid's interaction with host components, stable and metastable structures generated by mutants during the course of infection, and the influence of sequence variants on stabilizing viroid population dynamics.

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  • 40.
    Adler, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Fritsch, Marlene
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Fromell, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Leneweit, Gero
    Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Association for the Promotion of Cancer Therapy, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany.
    Ekdahl, Kristina N.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology. Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Teramura, Yuji
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology. Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute (CMB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central Fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Master's/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
    Regulation of the innate immune system by fragmented heparin-conjugated lipids on lipid bilayered membranes in vitro2023In: Journal of materials chemistry. B, ISSN 2050-750X, E-ISSN 2050-7518, Vol. 11, no 46, p. 11121-11134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Surface modification with heparin is a powerful biomaterial coating strategy that protects against innate immunity activation since heparin is a part of the proteoglycan heparan sulfate on cell surfaces in the body. We studied the heparinization of cellular and material surfaces via lipid conjugation to a heparin-binding peptide. In the present study, we synthesized fragmented heparin (fHep)-conjugated phospholipids and studied their regulation of the innate immune system on a lipid bilayered surface using liposomes. Liposomes have versatile applications, such as drug-delivery systems, due to their ability to carry a wide range of molecules. Owing to their morphological similarity to cell membranes, they can also be used to mimic a simple cell-membrane to study protein–lipid interactions. We investigated the interaction of complement-regulators, factor H and C4b-binding protein (C4BP), as well as the coagulation inhibitor antithrombin (AT), with fHep-lipids on the liposomal surface. Herein, we studied the ability of fHep-lipids to recruit factor H, C4BP, and AT using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. With dynamic light scattering, we demonstrated that liposomes could be modified with fHep-lipids and were stable up to 60 days at 4 °C. Using a capillary western blot-based method (Wes), we showed that fHep-liposomes could recruit factor H in a model system using purified proteins and assist in the degradation of the active complement protein C3b to iC3b. Furthermore, we found that fHep-liposomes could recruit factor H and AT from human plasma. Therefore, the use of fHep-lipids could be a potential coating for liposomes and cell surfaces to regulate the immune system on the lipid surface.

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  • 41.
    Adler, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Fritsch, Marlene
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Fromell, Karin
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Leneweit, Gero
    ABNOBA GmbH, Germany;Assoc Promot Canc Therapy, Germany.
    Nilsson Ekdahl, Kristina
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Bo
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Teramura, Yuji
    Uppsala University, Sweden;Cellular & Mol Biotechnol Res Inst CMB, Japan;Univ Tsukuba, Japan.
    Regulation of the innate immune system by fragmented heparin-conjugated lipids on lipid bilayered membranes in vitro2023In: Journal of materials chemistry. B, ISSN 2050-750X, E-ISSN 2050-7518, Vol. 11, no 46, p. 11121-11134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Surface modification with heparin is a powerful biomaterial coating strategy that protects against innate immunity activation since heparin is a part of the proteoglycan heparan sulfate on cell surfaces in the body. We studied the heparinization of cellular and material surfaces via lipid conjugation to a heparin-binding peptide. In the present study, we synthesized fragmented heparin (fHep)-conjugated phospholipids and studied their regulation of the innate immune system on a lipid bilayered surface using liposomes. Liposomes have versatile applications, such as drug-delivery systems, due to their ability to carry a wide range of molecules. Owing to their morphological similarity to cell membranes, they can also be used to mimic a simple cell-membrane to study protein-lipid interactions. We investigated the interaction of complement-regulators, factor H and C4b-binding protein (C4BP), as well as the coagulation inhibitor antithrombin (AT), with fHep-lipids on the liposomal surface. Herein, we studied the ability of fHep-lipids to recruit factor H, C4BP, and AT using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. With dynamic light scattering, we demonstrated that liposomes could be modified with fHep-lipids and were stable up to 60 days at 4 degree celsius. Using a capillary western blot-based method (Wes), we showed that fHep-liposomes could recruit factor H in a model system using purified proteins and assist in the degradation of the active complement protein C3b to iC3b. Furthermore, we found that fHep-liposomes could recruit factor H and AT from human plasma. Therefore, the use of fHep-lipids could be a potential coating for liposomes and cell surfaces to regulate the immune system on the lipid surface.

  • 42.
    Adler, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Inoue, Yuuki
    The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Nilsson Ekdahl, Kristina
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences.
    Baba, Teruhiko
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
    Ishihara, Kazuhiko
    The University of Tokyo, Japan.
    Nilsson, Bo
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Teramura, Yuji
    Uppsala University, Sweden;National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
    Effect of liposome surface modification with water-soluble phospholipid polymer chain-conjugated lipids on interaction with human plasma proteins2022In: Journal of materials chemistry. B, ISSN 2050-750X, E-ISSN 2050-7518, Vol. 10, no 14, p. 2512-2522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alternative liposome surface coatings for PEGylation to evade the immune system, particularly the complement system, have garnered significant interest. We previously reported poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (MPC)-based lipids (PMPC-lipids) and investigated the surface modification of liposomes. In this study, we synthesize PMPC-lipids with polymerization degrees of 10 (MPC10-lipid), 20 (MPC20-lipid), 50 (MPC50-lipid), and 100 (MPC100-lipid), and coated liposomes with 1, 5, or 10 mol% PMPC-lipids (PMPC-liposomes). Non-modified and PEGylated liposomes are used as controls. We investigate the liposome size, surface charge, polydispersity index, and adsorption of plasma proteins to the liposomes post incubation in human plasma containing N,N,N′,N′-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or lepirudin by some methods such as sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blotting, and automated capillary western blot, with emphasis on the binding of complement protein C3. It is shown that the coating of liposome PMPC-lipids can suppress protein adsorption more effectively with an increase in the molecular weight and molar ratio (1-10 mol%). Apolipoprotein A-I is detected on PMPC-liposomes with a higher molecular weight and higher molar ratio of PMPC-lipids, whereas α2-macroglobulin is detected on non-modified, PEGylated, and PMPC-liposomes with a shorter polymer chain. In addition, a correlation is shown among the PMPC molecular weight, molar ratio, and C3 binding. The MPC10-lipid cannot inhibit C3 binding efficiently, whereas surface modifications with 10 mol% MPC20-lipid and 5 mol% and 10 mol% MPC50-lipid suppress both total protein and C3 binding. Hence, liposome modification with PMPC-lipids can be a possible strategy for avoiding complement activation.

  • 43.
    Adler, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Inoue, Yuuki
    Univ Tokyo, Japan.
    Sato, Yuya
    Univ Tokyo, Japan.
    Ishihara, Kazuhiko
    Univ Tokyo, Japan.
    Nilsson Ekdahl, Kristina
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Advanced Materials. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Bo
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Teramura, Yuji
    Uppsala University, Sweden;Univ Tokyo, Japan;Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Japan.
    Synthesis of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-conjugated lipids and their characterization and surface properties of modified liposomes for protein interactions2021In: Biomaterials Science, ISSN 2047-4830, E-ISSN 2047-4849, Vol. 9, no 17, p. 5854-5867Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is frequently used for liposomal surface modification. However, as PEGylated liposomes are cleared rapidly from circulation upon repeated injections, substitutes of PEG are being sought. We focused on a water-soluble polymer composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) units, and synthesized poly(MPC) (PMPC)-conjugated lipid (PMPC-lipid) with degrees of MPC polymerization ranging from 10 to 100 (calculated molecular weight: 3 to 30 kDa). In addition, lipids with three different alkyl chains, myristoyl, palmitoyl, and stearoyl, were applied for liposomal surface coating. We studied the interactions of PMPC-lipids with plasma albumin, human complement protein C3 and fibrinogen using a quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation, and found that adsorption of albumin, C3 and fibrinogen could be suppressed by coating with PMPC-lipids. In particular, the effect was more pronounced for PMPC chains with higher molecular weight. We evaluated the size, polydispersity index, surface charge, and membrane fluidity of the PMPC-lipid-modified liposomes. We found that the effect of the coating on the dispersion stability was maintained over a long period (98 days). Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the anti-PEG antibody did not interact with PMPC-lipids. Thus, our findings suggest that PMPC-lipids can be used for liposomal coating.

  • 44.
    Adler, Marlen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Mechanisms and Dynamics of Carbapenem Resistance in Escherichia coli2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae worldwide has led to an increased use of carbapenems and may drive the development of carbapenem resistance. Existing mechanisms are mainly due to acquired carbapenemases or the combination of ESBL-production and reduced outer membrane permeability. The focus of this thesis was to study the development of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of acquired β-lactamases. To this end we used the resistance plasmid pUUH239.2 that caused the first major outbreak of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Scandinavia.

    Spontaneous carbapenem resistance was strongly favoured by the presence of the ESBL-encoding plasmid and different mutational spectra and resistance levels arose for different carbapenems. Mainly, loss of function mutations in the regulators of porin expression caused reduced influx of antibiotic into the cell and in combination with amplification of β-lactamase genes on the plasmid this led to high resistance levels. We further used a pharmacokinetic model, mimicking antibiotic concentrations found in patients during treatment, to test whether ertapenem resistant populations could be selected even at these concentrations. We found that resistant mutants only arose for the ESBL-producing strain and that an increased dosage of ertapenem could not prevent selection of these resistant subpopulations. In another study we saw that carbapenem resistance can even develop in the absence of ESBL-production. We found mutants in export pumps and the antibiotic targets to give high level resistance albeit with high fitness costs in the absence of antibiotics. In the last study, we used selective amplification of β-lactamases on the pUUH239.2 plasmid by carbapenems to determine the cost and stability of gene amplifications. Using mathematical modelling we determined the likelihood of evolution of new gene functions in this region. The high cost and instability of the amplified state makes de novo evolution very improbable, but constant selection of the amplified state may balance these factors until rare mutations can establish a new function.

    In my studies I observed the influence of β-lactamases on carbapenem resistance and saw that amplification of these genes would further contribute to resistance. The rapid disappearance of amplified arrays of resistance genes in the absence of antibiotic selection may lead to the underestimation of gene amplification as clinical resistance mechanism. Amplification of β-lactamase genes is an important stepping-stone and might lead to the evolution of new resistance genes.

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  • 45.
    Adler, Marlen
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Anjum, Mehreen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Andersson, Dan I.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Sandegren, Linus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Combinations of mutations in envZ, ftsI, mrdA, acrB and acrR can cause high-level carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli2016In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, E-ISSN 1460-2091, Vol. 71, no 5, p. 1188-1198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The worldwide spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has led to an increased use of carbapenems, the group of beta-lactams with the broadest spectrum of activity. Bacterial resistance to carbapenems is mainly due to acquired carbapenemases or a combination of ESBL production and reduced drug influx via loss of outer-membrane porins. Here, we have studied the development of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli in the absence of beta-lactamases. We selected mutants with high-level carbapenem resistance through repeated serial passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of meropenem or ertapenem for similar to 60 generations. Isolated clones were whole-genome sequenced, and the order in which the identified mutations arose was determined in the passaged populations. Key mutations were reconstructed, and bacterial growth rates of populations and isolated clones and resistance levels to 23 antibiotics were measured. High-level resistance to carbapenems resulted from a combination of downstream effects of envZ mutation and target mutations in AcrAB-TolC-mediated drug export, together with PBP genes [mrdA (PBP2) after meropenem exposure or ftsI (PBP3) after ertapenem exposure]. Our results show that antibiotic resistance evolution can occur via several parallel pathways and that new mechanisms may appear after the most common pathways (i.e. beta-lactamases and loss of porins) have been eliminated. These findings suggest that strategies to target the most commonly observed resistance mechanisms might be hampered by the appearance of previously unknown parallel pathways to resistance.

  • 46.
    Adler, Marlen
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Anjum, Mehreen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Berg, Otto, G.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational and Systems Biology.
    Andersson, Dan I.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Sandegren, Linus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    High Fitness Costs and Instability of Gene Duplications Reduce Rates of Evolution of New Genes by Duplication-Divergence Mechanisms2014In: Molecular biology and evolution, ISSN 0737-4038, E-ISSN 1537-1719, Vol. 31, no 6, p. 1526-1535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    An important mechanism for generation of new genes is by duplication-divergence of existing genes. Duplication-divergence includes several different sub-models, such as subfunctionalization where after accumulation of neutral mutations the original function is distributed between two partially functional and complementary genes, and neofunctionalization where a new function evolves in one of the duplicated copies while the old function is maintained in another copy. The likelihood of these mechanisms depends on the longevity of the duplicated state, which in turn depends on the fitness cost and genetic stability of the duplications. Here, we determined the fitness cost and stability of defined gene duplications/amplifications on a low copy number plasmid. Our experimental results show that the costs of carrying extra gene copies are substantial and that each additional kbp of DNA reduces fitness by approximately 0.15%. Furthermore, gene amplifications are highly unstable and rapidly segregate to lower copy numbers in absence of selection. Mathematical modelling shows that the fitness costs and instability strongly reduces the likelihood of both sub- and neofunctionalization, but that these effects can be off-set by positive selection for novel beneficial functions.

  • 47.
    Adlerz, Ellen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.
    Sortase A coupling of the recombinant partial silk proteins 4Rep-Srt and G-/G5-CT to understand the structure of silk fiber2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Spider silk is a material of interest due its biocompatibility and therefore usage as a biomaterial. Its comparability to man-made materials in terms of strength and elasticity, along its biocompatibility, makes it desirable in the medical field. Dragline silk is one of seven types of silk made by orb-web-weaving spiders which is used as a lifeline in case of predators to escape and is therefore very strong and extensible. The dragline silk is composed of two proteins, called major ampullate spidroin silk protein 1 and 2 (MaSp1 & 2) since it is made in the major ampullate gland in the spider. These two proteins are in turn composed of three parts, a repetitive region in the middle, and two nonrepetitive regions at the terminals, N- and C-terminal domain. Having spiders as main producers of silk when conducting research come with difficulties and have made researchers turn to recombinant production for expression, mostly in E. coli. However, the protein size is a limitation when expressing in E. coli so researchers has come up with a smaller protein than MaSp made up of only the repetitive region and the C-terminal domain, called 4RepCT. 4RepCT is still able to self-assemble into fibers under physiological-like conditions and is biocompatible. 4RepCT can be functionalized with other biomolecules that can alter its function, e.g., a cell-adhesion motif from fibronectin, allowing 4RepCT to bind to cells. In this project we aim to produce 4Rep-Srt and G-/G5-CT separately before coupling them with enzyme Sortase A. Sortase A recognizes a Sortase tag (LPXTG) on the C-terminus of one protein (4Rep-Srt in this project) and connects it to another protein that has 1-5 glycine’s on the N-terminus (G-/G5-CT in this project). When producing the proteins separately, we can express G-/G5-CT with 13C and 15N before coupling and then know which part of the 4Rep-G-/G5-CT protein is G-/G5-CT. By knowing the structure of the protein, protein features and functions can be discovered to better aid the engineering of proteins to get biomolecules with wanted functions.

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  • 48.
    Adlerz, Linda
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry.
    Holback, Sofia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry.
    Multhaup, Gerd
    Iverfeldt, Kerstin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Neurochemistry.
    IGF-1-induced Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Family Is Mediated by Different Signaling Pathways2007In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 282, no 14, p. 10203-10209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mammalian amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein family consists of the APP and the amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1 and APLP2). The neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) originates from APP, which is the only member of this protein family implicated in Alzheimer disease. However, the three homologous proteins have been proposed to be processed in similar ways and to have essential and overlapping functions. Therefore, it is also important to take into account the effects on the processing and function of the APP-like proteins in the development of therapeutic drugs aimed at decreasing the production of Abeta. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to regulate APP processing and the levels of Abeta in the brain. In the present study, we show that IGF-1 increases alpha-secretase processing of endogenous APP and also increases ectodomain shedding of APLP1 and APLP2 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We also investigated the role of different IGF-1-induced signaling pathways, using specific inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our results indicate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in ectodomain shedding of APP and APLP1, but not APLP2, and that MAPK is involved only in the ectodomain shedding of APLP1.

  • 49.
    Afshar, Mostafa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Discovery of peptides in Chinese medicinal plants2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, 20 well-known Chinese medicinal plants are included. Traditionally, these medicinal herbs were consumed for different diseases but have one application in common, treatment of rheumatism arthritis. Peptides are pharmacologically attractive substances and the reason behind this work as there is only one study on peptide content of included herbs. Commonly, plant-derived peptides are cysteine-rich peptides. 

    The plants were extracted in series by 60%, 30% and 10% AcN in H2O and FA. Then, the combined extracts were purified by SPE and SEC. Additionally, reduction by DDT, alkylation by IAM, and digestion by trypsin performed. UPLC-QToF was used for separation and identification of potential peptides. 

    The investigation resulted in finding peptides in Coix lacryma-jobi L, Atractylodes lancea, Astragalus membranaceus. Peptides found in these species are mainly in the range 2,5-5 kDa. This finding raises new questions about the function of peptides in these species and the possibility of having pharmacological activity.

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  • 50.
    Afshari Kashanian, Elisa
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Detection of celery (Apium graveolens) in food with Real-Time PCR2006Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Directive EC 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council states that certain

    ingredients and products derived there of known to cause allergen reactions must always be

    declared. Furthermore labelling is mandatory irrespective of the amount included. The National

    Food Administration therefore needs methods for monitoring the presence of allergens in food.

    Methods already exist for most of the allergens on the EU-list, but an operational method for

    celery (Apium graveolens) is missing.

    A specific DNA-method was developed, based on TaqMan Real-Time PCR with the celery

    mannitol dehydrogenase gene as target sequence. The analysis was started with homogenisation

    of the sample followed by extraction of DNA. The Real-Time PCR method was shown to be

    specific for celery, producing a 113 bp fragment with two celery varieties and negative results

    with other closely selected species commonly present together with celery in food products (12

    samples). The detection limit was 2-20 pg DNA, which corresponds to 1-7 haploid genome

    copies. When evaluated with model samples of celery in meat, a detection limit of less than

    0,01 % was determined. When used to analyse food products from the market, six out of seven

    products declared to contain celery were correctly identified as positive.

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