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  • 1. Aaro, Sven
    et al.
    Sjöström, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Solid Earth Geology.
    Airborne and ground geophysics used for regional tectonic analysis2003In: IUGG 2003, Sapporo, Japan: No GAV.06/10P/A11-004, B260., 2003Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Abadi, Mehrdad Sardar
    et al.
    Leibniz Inst Appl Geophys, LIAG, Rock Phys & Borehole Geophys, Hannover, Germany..
    Voeten, Dennis F. A. E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology.
    Kulagina, Elena, I
    Russian Acad Sci, Ufa Fed Res Ctr, Inst Geol, Ufa, Russia..
    Boulvain, Frederic
    Univ Liege, Dept Geol, Lab Petrol Sedimentaire, Bat B20, Liege, Belgium..
    Da Silva, Anne-Christine
    Univ Liege, Dept Geol, Lab Petrol Sedimentaire, Bat B20, Liege, Belgium..
    A comment on overlooked storm sensitivity of the carbonate factory recorded in the Mississippian Mobarak Formation (Alborz Mountains, Iran)2022In: Geological Journal, ISSN 0072-1050, E-ISSN 1099-1034, Vol. 57, no 10, p. 4388-4392Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    New interpretations of depositional palaeoenvironments in the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) Mobarak Formation (Alborz Mountains, Iran) suggest a significant and persistent influence of storms. This deviates from previous conclusions that these deposits recorded mounds, patch reefs, and extensive lagoons deposited under stagnant environmental conditions. We here clarify and discuss the origin and nature of this misconception by explaining "unexpected" observations that are informed by outdated interpretations of the depositional environment of the Mobarak Formation. This evaluation offers the context required for appropriately interpreting and correlating Mississippian depositional records across the Alborz Basin.

  • 3. Abbott, Peter M.
    et al.
    Davies, Siwan M.
    Steffensen, Jorgen Peder
    Pearce, Nicholas J. G.
    Bigler, Matthias
    Johnsen, Sigfus J.
    Seierstad, Inger K.
    Svensson, Anders
    Wastegård, Stefan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology.
    A detailed framework of Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 5 volcanic events recorded in two Greenland ice-cores2012In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 36, p. 59-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sulphate records from Greenland ice-cores indicate that Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 5 were charactensed by a higher incidence of large volcanic eruptions than other periods during the last glacial period, however, few investigations have focused on tephra deposits associated with these volcanic eruptions and the nature and origin of the events. Here we present a detailed tephrochronological framework of the products of 15 volcanic events spanning this interval: the majority of which have been preserved as cryptotephra horizons within the Greenland records. The major element compositions of individual glass shards within these horizons indicate that 13 of the eruptions originated from Iceland and 6 of these events can be correlated to the specific volcanic systems of Katla, Grimsvotn, Grimsvotn-Kverkfjoll and either Reykjanes or Veidivotn-Bardarbunga. For the remaining Icelandic horizons a source from either the rift zone or a flank zone can be suggested based on rock suite affinities. Two horizons have been correlated to a source from the Jan Mayen volcanic system which represents the first discovery of material from this system within any Greenland ice-cores. The robust geochemical characterisations, independent ages for these horizons (derived from the GICCO5 ice-core chronology) and stratigraphic positions relative to the Dansgaard-Oeschger climate events recorded in the Greenland ice-cores represent a critical framework that provides new information on the frequency and nature of volcanic events occurring in the North Atlantic region during MIS 4 and 5. This framework can now be utilised in the assessment of the differential timing and rate of response to the millennial-scale climatic events that characterised this period, through the use of the tephra horizons as time-synchronous tie-lines to other palaeoclimatic sequences.

  • 4.
    Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed
    et al.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Assiut Univ, Dept Geol, Assiut, Egypt..
    Ali, Mohammed Y.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Al Suwaidi, Aisha
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Koyi, Hemin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences. Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Petroleum system of the fold-and-thrust belt of the United Arab Emirates: New insights based on 1D and 2D basin modeling2023In: Marine and Petroleum Geology, ISSN 0264-8172, E-ISSN 1873-4073, Vol. 158, article id 106567Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The hydrocarbon potential of the fold-and-thrust belt (FTB) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-Oman mountains has received limited attention to date, leading to a poor understanding of the petroleum systems in this region. Despite the existence of hydrocarbon fields within the FTB, the source rock potential has not been adequately studied. This study aims to address this knowledge gap using 1D and 2D basin modeling approaches to evaluate the petroleum system of the FTB. In addition, gas chromatographs are also used to correlate hydrocarbon occurrences with their source rock. This study's findings identify the Silurian, Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene-Eocene, and Oligocene formations as the primary source rocks in the study area. Silurian shales, encountered in a well in the northern UAE, are currently considered overmature. The Cenozoic source rocks exhibit a spectrum of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, ranging from less than 1 to as high as 2 wt%, leading to variable degrees of expulsion efficiency. The maturity of these rocks varies based on their position in relation to the FTB and foredeep, with increasing maturity towards the north. The Upper Cretaceous sequences display low TOC and Hydrogen Index, indicating very low expulsion efficiency. The present-day distribution of maturity is largely influenced by Late Cretaceous and Oligocene-Miocene compressional events that affected the northern and northeastern Arabian Plate. This analysis shows that hydrocarbon expulsion from the Silurian source rocks was initiated during the Middle-Late Jurassic. These hydrocarbons are presumed to have migrated through Upper Permian, Jurassic, and Lower and middle Cretaceous reservoirs. Westward hydrocarbon migration, towards a regional bulge, may have also occurred following compressional events that resulted in lithospheric flexure and formation of the foreland basin. Notably, certain exceptions to migration towards the bulge include structural entrapment of hydrocarbons beneath the main frontal thrust zone of FTB and some structural traps beneath the Lower Fiqa Formation.

  • 5.
    Abdelnasser, Amr
    et al.
    Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha.
    Kumral, Mustafa
    Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University.
    Zoheir, Basem
    Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benaha.
    Karaman, Muhittin
    Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University.
    Weihed, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    REE geochemical characteristics and satellite-based mapping of hydrothermal alteration in Atud gold deposit, Egypt2018In: Journal of African Earth Sciences, ISSN 0899-5362, Vol. 145, p. 317-330Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New geochemical data of the hydrothermal alteration zones associated with gold-bearing quartz veins at Atud mine are used for better understanding the ore evolution and exploration vectoring. ASTER and Landsat 8 OLI data are used to elucidate the distribution of gold-associated alteration zones. Three alteration zones are defined; zone 1 (sericite-kaolinite-quartz-pyrite), zone 2 (quartz-sericite-albite-pyrite), and zone 3 (chlorite-carbonate-epidote ± pyrite). Sericite and hydrothermal quartz are confined to the mineralized quartz veins. Fe-OH and OH-bearing minerals are observed along NW- and NE-trending shear zones in the Main Atud mine. The association of gold-bearing quartz veins and sericite alteration is constrained by processing ASTER- and OLI-imagery data. The geochemical data of the ore-enveloping hydrothermally altered rocks are used to assess the behavior of the REEs during the mineralization process. Mild enrichment in LREE and significant enrichment in the HREE are associated with sericite in zones (1) and (2) alterations. Carbonate alteration (zone 3) is enriched in LREE and in immobile HREE. Moreover, LREE and Eu anomalies have negative correlated with the Alteration Index (A.I.) and K2O index (K.I.) in zones 1 and 2, suggesting high mobility of LREE in K-rich hydrothermal fluids. On the other hand, HREE anomalies with increasing MgO index (M.I.) in alteration zone 3 may imply low solubility of these elements in alkaline solutions. Au anomalies linked to sericite/silica alteration is a rather meaningful vector for further exploration in the area.

  • 6. Abiye, T. A.
    et al.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Arsenic concentration in groundwater: Archetypal study from South Africa2019In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 9, article id 100246Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    South Africa does not have significant surface water resources, which is often easily affected by unpredictable and rapidly changing climatic variables, due to its location in the arid and semi-arid climatic setting. In large part of the country, groundwater from weathered and fractured crystalline rocks plays pivotal role in sustaining the livelihood, often it contains toxic metals released from the host rocks. The host rocks that are responsible for arsenic release in groundwater are primarily enriched due to metamorphism and igneous processes that resulted in the enrichment of economic minerals. Preliminary assessment indicates that the main arsenic containing minerals are arsenopyrite (FeAsS), arsenical oxide, sulpharsenide, arsenopyritical reefs, leucopyrite, löllingite (FeAs2) and scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O). Owing to the release of arsenic from highly mineralized rocks that constitute the aquifers, arsenic concentration in the groundwater reaches up to 253 μg/L (Namaqualand), 6150 μg/L (west of Johannesburg), about 500 μg/L in the Karoo aquifers, considerably higher than the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/L. Acid mine drainage from coal and gold mining is also found to be an important source of arsenic and other toxic metals in groundwater.

  • 7. Abouessa, A.
    et al.
    Morad, S.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Solid Earth Geology.
    An integrated study of diagenesis and depositional facies in tidal sandstones: Hawaz Formation (middle Ordovician), Murzuq Basin, Libya2009In: Journal of Petroleum Geology, ISSN 0141-6421, E-ISSN 1747-5457, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 39-65Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Abrahamsson, Kurt V.
    Stockholm University.
    Äkäslompolo-områdets glacialmorfologi och deglaciation1974Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Abrehdary, Majid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Sjöberg, Lars E.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. Univ Gavle, Dept Ind Dev IT & Land Management, SE-80176 Gavle, Sweden.
    Combined Moho parameters determination using CRUST1.0 and Vening Meinesz-Moritz model2015In: Journal of Earth Science, ISSN 1674-487X, E-ISSN 1867-111X, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 607-616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    According to Vening Meinesz-Moritz (VMM) global inverse isostatic problem, either the Moho density contrast (crust-mantle density contrast) or the Moho geometry can be estimated by solving a non-linear Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Here solutions to the two Moho parameters are presented by combining the global geopotential model (GOCO-03S), topography (DTM2006) and a seismic crust model, the latter being the recent digital global crustal model (CRUST1.0) with a resolution of 1A(0)x1A(0). The numerical results show that the estimated Moho density contrast varies from 21 to 637 kg/m(3), with a global average of 321 kg/m(3), and the estimated Moho depth varies from 6 to 86 km with a global average of 24 km. Comparing the Moho density contrasts estimated using our leastsquares method and those derived by the CRUST1.0, CRUST2.0, and PREM models shows that our estimate agrees fairly well with CRUST1.0 model and rather poor with other models. The estimated Moho depths by our least-squares method and the CRUST1.0 model agree to 4.8 km in RMS and with the GEMMA1.0 based model to 6.3 km.

  • 10. Abu El-Enen, M.M.
    et al.
    Abu-Alam, T.S.
    Whitehouse, Martin J.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology.
    Ali, K.A.
    Okrusch, M.
    P–T path and timing of crustal thickening during amalgamation of East and West Gondwana: A case study from the Hafafit Metamorphic Complex, Eastern Desert of Egypt.2016In: Lithos, ISSN 0024-4937, E-ISSN 1872-6143, Vol. 263, p. 213-238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The southeastern sector of the Hafafit Metamorphic Complex, southern Eastern Desert of Egypt comprises infrastructural orthogneisses of tonalite and syenogranite parentage, amphibolites, and a volcano-sedimentary association. These are overthrust by an obducted suprastructural ophiolite nappes via the Nugrus thrust. The protolith of the biotite–hornblende-gneisses was formed during island-arc accretion, while that of the garnet–biotite gneisses were formed in a within-plate regime, consistent with a transition to a post-collisional setting. The volcano-sedimentary association comprises interbedded and intercalated highly foliated metapelitic schists, metabasites, and leucocratic gneisses, deposited in a back-arc basin. The metapelites and the leucocratic gneisses originated from immature Fe-shales and arkoses derived from intermediate-mafic and acidic igneous rocks, respectively, via weak chemical weathering in a tectonically active island arc terrane. The intercalated amphibolites were derived from tholeiitic basalts generated in a back-arc setting.

    The volcano-sedimentary association was metamorphosed under upper-amphibolite facies conditions with pressures of 9–13 kbar and temperatures of 570–675 °C, as derived from conventional geothermobarometry and pseudosection calculation. A steep, tight clockwise P–T path is constrained and a geothermal gradient around 20 °C/km is estimated for the peak metamorphism. We assume that deformation and metamorphism are due to crustal thickening during the collision of East and West Gondwana, where peak metamorphism took place in the middle to lower crust at 33 km average crustal depth. This was followed by a subsequent quasi-isothermal decompression due to rapid exhumation during wrench tectonics. Sinistral transcurrent shearing with extensional denudation resulted in vertical ductile thinning that was accompanied by heat input from magmatism, as indicated by a higher geothermal gradient during retrograde metamorphism and exhumation of the complex.

    U–Pb data from magmatic zircons yields protolith ages of 731 ± 3 Ma for the biotite–hornblende gneisses and 646 ± 12 Ma for the garnet–biotite gneisses. Conforming to field evidence, our geochronology data point to a depositional age of the volcano-sedimentary cover at around 650 Ma. The age of metamorphism is constrained by a low Th/U ratio of a zircon grain crystallized at an age of 597 ± 6 Ma.

  • 11. Adolphi, Florian
    et al.
    Muscheler, Raimund
    Svensson, Anders
    Aldahan, Ala
    Possnert, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, För teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten gemensamma enheter, Tandem Laboratory.
    Beer, Jurg
    Sjolte, Jesper
    Bjorck, Svante
    Matthes, Katja
    Thieblemont, Remi
    Persistent link between solar activity and Greenland climate during the Last Glacial Maximum2014In: Nature Geoscience, ISSN 1752-0894, E-ISSN 1752-0908, Vol. 7, no 9, p. 662-666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Changes in solar activity have previously been proposed to cause decadal- to millennial-scale fluctuations in both the modern and Holocene climates(1). Direct observational records of solar activity, such as sunspot numbers, exist for only the past few hundred years, so solar variability for earlier periods is typically reconstructed from measurements of cosmogenic radionuclides such as Be-10 and C-14 from ice cores and tree rings(2,3). Here we present a high-resolution Be-10 record from the ice core collected from central Greenland by the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP). The record spans from 22,500 to 10,000 years ago, and is based on new and compiled data(4-6). Using C-14 records(7,8) to control for climate-related influences on Be-10 deposition, we reconstruct centennial changes in solar activity. We find that during the Last Glacial Maximum, solar minima correlate with more negative delta O-18 values of ice and are accompanied by increased snow accumulation and sea-salt input over central Greenland. We suggest that solar minima could have induced changes in the stratosphere that favour the development of high-pressure blocking systems located to the south of Greenland, as has been found in observations and model simulations for recent climate(9,10). We conclude that the mechanism behind solar forcing of regional climate change may have been similar under both modern and Last Glacial Maximum climate conditions.

  • 12.
    Aftab, A.
    et al.
    Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department, Mehran UETSZAB Sindh, Pakistan; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
    Ismail, A. R.
    Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
    Khokhar, S.
    Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Sindh Pakistan.
    Ibupoto, Zafar Hussain
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan.
    Novel zinc oxide nanoparticles deposited acrylamide composite used for enhancing the performance of water-based drilling fluids at elevated temperature conditions2016In: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, ISSN 0920-4105, E-ISSN 1873-4715, Vol. 146, p. 1142-1157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multifunctional nano-micron composite compared to single nano-sphere materials revealed wide applications to enhance the physical and chemical stability of base fluids. Therefore, it can be a possible solution for the improvement of the rheological properties and shale inhibition characteristics of conventional water-based drilling fluid (WBDF). The primary goal of the study was to investigate the effects zinc oxide nanoparticles-acrylamide composite termed as ZnO-Am composite over rheological and shale swelling behavior of conventional WBDF. Herein, ZnO-Am composite was synthesized and successfully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermalgravimeteric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and field emission electron microscope (FESEM). Results revealed that the rheological properties such as 10-min gel strength (10-min GS), apparent viscosity (AV), and plastic vicscocity (PV) were slightly increased and obtained within operating range at 150 degrees F by adding the synthesized composite in conventional WBDF. Lubricity was improved by 25% at 150 degrees F. API filtrate loss volume was reduced by 14%. Elevated temperature and pressure (ETP) filtrate loss volume (500 psi, 250 degrees F) was slightly minimized. Shale swelling was merely reduced from 16% to 9%. These findings will contribute to enhance the oil and gas well drilling operations.

  • 13.
    Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    Brock, Glenn A.
    Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China.
    Zhang, Zhifei
    State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China.
    Duru, Kingsley C.
    Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    Liang, Yue
    State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China.
    George, Simon C.
    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    Holmer, Lars E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China.
    Biomacromolecules in recent phosphate-shelled brachiopods: identification and characterization of chitin matrix2021In: Journal of Materials Science, ISSN 0022-2461, E-ISSN 1573-4803, Vol. 56, no 36, p. 19884-19898Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these animals are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation examined the nature of the organic fibres in order to improve understanding of how living organisms produce hierarchically structured biomaterials. Unlike powdered samples commonly used in previous studies, organic fibres were isolated for the first time and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Biochemical methods including Calcofluor staining revealed a chitin matrix. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and spectroscopic analyses show that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β-chitin sheets and/or fibrils that are coated with a fibrous organic matrix. There is more chitin matrix in the L. anatina shells (26.6 wt.%) compared to the D. tenuis shells (12.9 wt.%). Taken together, the data show that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making L. anatina highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, D. tenuis contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.

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  • 14.
    Agbaje, Oluwatoosin B. A.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and MQ Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    George, Simon C.
    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and MQ Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    Zhang, Zhifei
    State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
    Brock, Glenn A.
    Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
    Holmer, Lars E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
    Characterization of organophosphatic brachiopod shells: spectroscopic assessment of collagen matrix and biomineral components2020In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 10, p. 38456-38467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The shells of linguloid brachiopods such as Lingula and Discinisca are inorganic–organic nanocomposites with a mineral phase of calcium phosphate (Ca-phosphate). Collagen, the main extracellular matrix in Ca-phosphatic vertebrate skeletons, has not previously been clearly resolved at the molecular level in organophosphatic brachiopods. Here, modern and recently-alive linguliform brachiopod shells of Lingula and Discinisca have been studied by microRaman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. For the first time, biomineralized collagen matrix and Ca-phosphate components were simultaneously identified, showing that the collagen matrix is an important moiety in organophosphatic brachiopod shells, in addition to prevalent chitin. Stabilized nanosized apatitic biominerals (up to ∼50 nm) permeate the framework of organic fibrils. There is a ∼2.5-fold higher wt% of carbonate (CO32−) in Lingula versus Discinisca shells. Both microRaman spectroscopy and infrared spectra show transient amorphous Ca-phosphate and octacalcium phosphate components. For the first time, trivalent moieties at ∼1660 cm−1 and divalent moieties at ∼1690 cm−1 in the amide I spectral region were identified. These are related to collagen cross-links that are abundant in mineralized tissues, and could be important features in the biostructural and mechanical properties of Ca-phosphate shell biominerals. This work provides a critical new understanding of organophosphatic brachiopod shells, which are some of the earliest examples of biomineralization in still-living animals that appeared in the Cambrian radiation.

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  • 15.
    Agha Karimi, Armin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. Univ Gävle, Fac Engn & Sustainable Dev, Gävle, Sweden..
    Horemuz, Milan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Multidecadal Sea Level Variability in the Baltic Sea and Its Impact on Acceleration Estimations2021In: Frontiers in Marine Science, E-ISSN 2296-7745, Vol. 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multidecadal sea level variation in the Baltic Sea is investigated from 1900 to 2020 deploying satellite and in situ datasets. As a part of this investigation, nearly 30 years of satellite altimetry data are used to compare with tide gauge data in terms of linear trend. This, in turn, leads to validation of the regional uplift model developed for the Fennoscandia. The role of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in multidecadal variations of the Baltic Sea is also analyzed. Although NAO impacts the Baltic Sea level on seasonal to decadal time scales according to previous studies, it is not a pronounced factor in the multidecadal variations. The acceleration in the sea level rise of the basin is reported as statistically insignificant in recent studies or even decelerating in an investigation of the early 1990s. It is shown that the reason for these results relates to the global warming hiatus in the 1950s-1970s, which can be seen in all eight tide gauges used for this study. To account for the slowdown period, the acceleration in the basin is investigated by fitting linear trends to time spans of six to seven decades, which include the hiatus. These results imply that the sea level rise is accelerated in the Baltic Sea during the period 1900-2020.

  • 16.
    Agic, Heda
    et al.
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA..
    Hogstrom, Anette E. S.
    UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Arctic Univ Museum Norway, Tromso, Norway..
    Jensen, Soren
    Univ Extremadura, Area Paleontol, Badajoz, Spain..
    Ebbestad, Jan Ove R.
    Uppsala University, Music and Museums, Museum of Evolution.
    Vickers-Rich, Patricia
    Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic, Australia.;Swinburne Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Dept Chem & Biotechnol, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia..
    Hall, Michael
    Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic, Australia..
    Matthews, Jack J.
    Oxford Univ Museum Nat Hist, Oxford, England..
    Meinhold, Guido
    TU Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Geol, Freiberg, Germany.;Univ Gottingen, Dept Sedimentol & Environm Geol, Gottingen, Germany..
    Hoyberget, Magne
    Rennesveien 14, Mandal, Norway..
    Taylor, Wendy L.
    Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, Rondebosch, South Africa..
    Late Ediacaran occurrences of the organic-walled microfossils Granomarginata and flask-shaped Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov.2022In: Geological Magazine, ISSN 0016-7568, E-ISSN 1469-5081, Vol. 159, no 7, p. 1071-1092, article id PII S0016756821001096Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New occurrences of flask-shaped and envelope-bearing microfossils, including the predominantly Cambrian taxon Granomarginata, are reported from new localities, as well as from earlier in time (Ediacaran) than previously known. The stratigraphic range of Granomarginata extends into the Cambrian System, where it had a cosmopolitan distribution. This newly reported Ediacaran record includes areas from Norway (Baltica), Newfoundland (Avalonia) and Namibia (adjacent to the Kalahari Craton), and puts the oldest global occurrence of Granomarginata in the Indreelva Member (< 563 Ma) of the Stahpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway. Although Granomarginata is rare within the assemblage, these new occurrences together with previously reported occurrences from India and Poland, suggest a potentially widespread palaeogeographic distribution of Granomarginata through the middle-late Ediacaran interval. A new flask-shaped microfossil Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov. is also reported in horizons containing Granomarginata from the Stahpogieddi Formation in Norway and the Dabis Formation in Namibia, and flask-shaped fossils are also found in the Gibbett Hill Formation in Newfoundland. The Granomarginata-Lagoenaforma association, in addition to a low-diversity organic-walled microfossil assemblage, occurs in the strata postdating the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, and may eventually be of use in terminal Ediacaran biostratigraphy. These older occurrences of Granomarginata add to a growing record of body fossil taxa spanning the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary.

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  • 17.
    Agic, Heda
    et al.
    Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England..
    Jensen, Soren
    Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Area Paleontol, Badajoz, Spain..
    Meinhold, Guido
    TU Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Geol, Freiberg, Germany.;Univ Gottingen, Dept Sedimentol & Environm Geol, Gottingen, Germany..
    Hogstrom, Anette E. S.
    Arctic Univ Museum Norway, UiT The Arctic Univ Norway, Tromso, Norway..
    Ebbestad, Jan Ove R.
    Uppsala University, Music and Museums, Museum of Evolution.
    Hoyberget, Magne
    Palacios, Teodoro
    Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Area Paleontol, Badajoz, Spain..
    Taylor, Wendy L.
    Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, Rondebosch, South Africa..
    Life through an Ediacaran glaciation: Shale- and diamictite-hosted organic-walled microfossil assemblages from the late Neoproterozoic of the Tanafjorden area, northern Norway2024In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, ISSN 0031-0182, E-ISSN 1872-616X, Vol. 635, article id 111956Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New organic-walled microfossil (OWM) assemblages are reported from upper Neoproterozoic glacial and interglacial siliciclastic deposits in Finnmark, northern Norway. A nearly continuous sedimentary succession of the Vestertana Group contains two glaciogenic units, the Smalfjorden and Mortensnes formations, interpreted as end-Cryogenian Marinoan and Ediacaran glaciations, respectively. We investigated the OWM record in the Nyborg, Mortensnes, and St ' ahpogieddi formations to assess the impact of a glacial interval on the diversity of microscopic eukaryotes. A modified acid-extraction technique was applied to recover OWM from the diamictite matrix. The upper Nyborg Formation contains morphologically complex Doushantuo-Pertatataka acritarchs (DPA), restricting the age of the Nyborg Formation to early-mid Ediacaran. DPA occur below the dolostones that record a negative carbon isotope excursion correlated with the Shuram anomaly and below a glacial diamictite. A decline in species richness and compositional change is observed in the Mortensnes glacial assemblage. DPA are replaced by bacterial filaments and cell aggregates. The overlying Indreelva Member, St ' ahpogieddi Formation contains Ediacara-type biota and palaeopascichnids, but only a depauperate OWM assemblage of leiosphaerids and flask-shaped microfossils characteristic of the late Ediacaran.The succession of assemblages in the Vestertana Group demonstrates a turnover from large eukaryotic OWM to a microbial community in the glacial interval, to a low diversity post-glacial assemblage during the rise of macroscopic life. We compared the Vestertana record to global DPA occurrences. Although one DPA assemblage zone postdates the Shuram excursion, no DPA occur above Ediacaran glacial diamictites in successions where those deposits are present. Considering this, and the community changes in the Vestertana succession, we suggest that DPA were affected by the onset of an Ediacaran glaciation. Lastly, we combined the biostratigraphic markers in the Vestertana Group to constrain the age of the Mortensnes diamictite.

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  • 18.
    Agić, Heda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    A new species of small acritarch with porous wall structure from the early Cambrian of Estonia, and implications for the fossil record of eukaryotic picoplankton2016In: Palynology, ISSN 0191-6122, E-ISSN 1558-9188, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 343-356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition records a general trend of decrease in phytoplankton cell size, in contrast tothe earlier and much larger Ediacaran acritarchs. Particularly minute, unornamented but sculptured organic-walledmicrofossils have been recovered from the lower Cambrian Lükati Formation in northern Estonia. The lack of anysignificant thermal alteration in the formation allowed for excellent preservation of fine microstructures on thesemicrofossils. Among the rich palynomorph assemblage in Lükati, a new species of tiny, spheroidal eukaryoticmicrofossil is recorded: Reticella corrugata gen. et sp. nov. It is characterised by a corrugated and flexible vesicle wallthat is densely perforated by nano-scale pores. Despite its unique morphology, the new species shares diagnosticcharacters with fossil and extant prasinophyte algae. R. corrugata is among the smallest microfossils with typicaleukaryotic morphology (conspicuous wall sculpture) and contributes to the diversity of the size class of smallacritarchs. Size, abundance, inferred prasinophyte affinity and eukaryotic wall sculpture make this new taxon alikely member of the early eukaryotic picoplankton.

  • 19.
    Agić, Heda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Fossil Focus: Acritarchs2016In: Palaeontology Online, Vol. 6, no 11, p. 1-13Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 20.
    Agić, Heda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Microfossils of eukaryotic cysts through time: A study of Precambrian-Ordovician organic-walled microbiota2014Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
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  • 21.
    Agić, Heda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Palaeobiology and diversification of Proterozoic-Cambrian photosynthetic eukaryotes2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the most important events in the history of life is the evolution of the complex, eukaryotic cell. The eukaryotes are complex organisms with membrane-bound intracellular structures, and they include a variety of both single-celled and multicellular organisms: plants, animals, fungi and various protists. The evolutionary origin of this group may be studied by direct evidence of past life: fossils. The oldest traces of eukaryotes have appeared by 2.4 billion years ago (Ga), and have additionally diversified in the period around 1.8 Ga. The Mesoproterozoic Era (1.6-1 Ga) is characterised by the first evidence of the appearance complex unicellular microfossils, as well as innovative morphologies, and the evolution of sexual reproduction and multicellularity. For a better understanding of the early eukaryotic evolution and diversification patterns, a part of this thesis has focused on the microfossil records from various time periods and geographic locations. Examination of microfossil morphology, cell wall microstructure and biochemical properties, reflect their intracellular complexity and function, and allow reconstructions of their life cycle, as well as observing the evolutionary pattern of change from Mesoproterozoic, to Cambrian-Ordovician transition. Several case studies included assemblages deriving from Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic time intervals that show disparate morphotypes and innovative features indicative of algal clades. The Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group in northern China has yielded a diverse microfossil assemblage that provides important clues about the diversification of different eukaryotic groups. Furthermore these microfossils contributed an additional evidence for the emergence of the crown group Eukarya by 1.7-1.4 Ga. In another part of this thesis, examination of wall microstructure and chemical properties via Raman spectroscopy has been used to assess the biological affinities of various Neoproterozoic problematic carbonaceous compression fossils. Studies on the early Phanerozoic (c. 545-485 Ma) assemblages from Estonia reconstructed patterns of the early radiations of phytoplankton and its evolutionary innovations. A continuing theme in this thesis has been using a combination of evidence of microfossils’ fine-scale morphology, ecology and chemical properties to determine their function in life, in addition to their systematic position.

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  • 22.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Is cyst formation in early eukaryotes a requirement for their preservation in the fossil record?2015In: Abstracts of the Astrobiology Science Conference 2015: Habitability, Habitable Worlds and Life: EARTH’S EARLY BIOSPHERE: LIFE ON AN “ALIEN” PLANET, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most of the Archaean-Proterozoic fossil record consists of non-biomineralizing microorganisms or their signatures. Body fossils of bacteria and early eukaryotes are preserved in siliciclastics, shales and carbonates, and are usually studied by preparation of thin sections or extraction from the rock matrix via acid maceration.The first eukaryotic organic-walled microfossils (OWM) appear at least by 1.8 Ga and undergo morphological diversification and evolutionary radiation in the Mesoproterozoic. There are no preserved eukaryotic-grade microfossils except OWM until the onset of biomineralization much later in the Neoproterozoic, evident in the record of testate amoebae (VSM) and microfossils with scaly elements.OWM are a less conspicuous component of the fos-sil record than taxa with skeletal or shelly elements. Organic matter decays quickly upon death of the organism, due to autolytic enzymes or degradation via het-erotrophy. However, species producing vegetative cells, resting cysts, zygotes, or spores, show considerable resistance to autolysis. Case studies on extractable carbonaceous OWM indicate they are preserved due to complex refractory molecules in the structure of their sturdy vesicle walls. Living analogues across protistan clades utilise such sporopollenin-like compounds for the cyst wall construction during reproductive phase. Algaenan-containing trilaminar sheath structure (TLS) is secreted during aplanospore formation in extant chlorophyte alga Haematococcus. TLS has also been documented in Leiosphaeridia acritarchs from the Cambrian Lükati Formation in Estonia. Leiosphaeridia is a long ranging morphotype, dating as far back as 1.8 Ga. Presence of TLS in these fossils suggests their function as reproductive cyst. Dictyosphaera-Shuiyousphaeridium plexus from the Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group, China, also exhibits cyst-like morphology and unique elements of wall reinforcement: internally secreted organic platelets.In addition to these early OWM, many Meso-Neoproterozoic taxa such as Tappania, Trachyhystrychosphaera and Kildinella contain cyst-like characters: 1) reproductive openings, 2) ornamentation, 3) occa-sionally preserved internal bodies and 4) acetolysis-resistant vesicle walls – properties observed among extant encysting protists.Ornamented (process-bearing) microfossils in par-ticular bear strong similarities with zygotes of living unicellular algae. Property of acetolysis-resistant vesicle is a result of sporopollenin-like macromolecules in the wall, synthesized most commonly by the autotrophic eukaryotes. Presence of such recalcitrant organic walls requires significant metabolic investment by the microorganism, which suggests a protective and/or reproductive function. This also allows for easier, and more detailed preservation in the rock record.One of the concerns arising from the studies on the early eukaryotic fossils is the bias towards encysting organisms. The eventual search for the fossil record on other planetary bodies could face the same challenges as the Precambrian palaeobiology: fossilisation and eventual detection might be problematic for any unicellular eukaryotic-grade organisms if they have not evolved reproduction via encystment, or cyst formation as means of coping with adverse environmental conditions.

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  • 23.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Raman spectra analysis and comparison of Neoproterozoic organic-walled mesofossils2012In: The 2012 Fermor Meeting of the Geological Society: The Neoproterozoic Era: Evolution, Glaciation, Oxygenation / [ed] Fairchild I., Condon D., Lenton T., Shields-Zhou G., Brasier M.D., London, 2012, Vol. 1, p. 86-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Skeletal material first appears in the rock record in the terminal Ediacaran, leaving most of the Earth’s history only to minute organic fossils. Aside from abundant acritarchs (unicellular organic-walled phytoplankton) present from at least ~2.5 Ga, other Proterozoic organic fossils of complex (eukaryotic) organisms include fungi and macroscopic algae of still debated taxonomy. Often preserved as flattened carbonaceous filaments in several morphologies: (1) rounded, (2) stick-like elongate and (3) branching, these Neoproterozoic fossils, including Chuaria, Morania, Beltanelloides, Vendotaenia, possess limited characters and differ little in gross morphology. As a result, other methods are needed to elucidate their biological affinities and, ultimately, phylogeny.

    Here we present the comparison of the Raman spectra analysis of different macroalgal genera from Yakutia, Siberia, as well as that of a putative polychaete Sabellidites from the East European Platform, dated to the early Cryogenian (840-700 Ma) and lowermost Cambrian respectively.

    Data from the vibrational modes of organic molecules from the wall of unmineralised organisms reveal their chemistry and partially wall ultrastructure, presumably an indication of their relationships. Polyaromatic chain hydrocarbons and n-aliphatic pyrolysates suggest algal affinity for some of the Neoproterozoic organic problematica, yet most of the Raman spectra results are still difficult to fully identify, partially owing to the thermal maturity of the host rocks. However, there are clear differences between various groups, differentiating between parts of a single plexus (cf previous studies of Chuaria-Tawuia suggesting them to be components of a multicellular plant) and elements from other taxa. Additionally, the distinct organic matter spectra of Chuaria and Sabellidites indicate that Raman spectroscopy could be a useful method in identifying different branches of the early eukaryotes.

    As they are usually shallow-water and dependant on sunlight, the record of sturdy photosynthetic macroorganisms in the  Neoproterozoic strengthens the evidence that limits the extent of the harsh environmental conditions during the Cryogenian period, at least during the Kaigas and Sturtian glaciations.

  • 24.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Raman spectroscopy and microstructural comparison of carbonaceous compression and body fossils from the Neoproterozoic of Siberian and Eastern European platformsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Macroscopic, organic-walled fossils preserved as carbonaceous compressions and body fossils are commonly occurring in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian successions worldwide. Most of these fossils, including studied here Chuaria, Tawuia, and Beltemelliformis, have been accepted as algae, and Sabellidites as an early metazoan. They possess limited characters for biological identification and differ in gross morphology of spherodial vs. tubular millimetre-sized specimens. Consequently, other methods than morphologic observations are needed to elucidate their affinities and, ultimately, phylogeny. Here we present a comparison of the Raman spectrographic signatures and new scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations on different carbonaceous compression and body fossils from the Khajpakh Formation (Siberian Platform), and Nekrasovo Formation (East European Platform), referred to the Tonian-Cryogenian transitional interval (c. 840-700 Ma) and the lowermost Cambrian stage, respectively. Data from the Raman spectroscopy of the walls of non-mineralised organisms reveal their chemical properties, and, in additions to microstructural characters, may be used to resolve the fossils’ phylogenetic affinities. To test the basic recognition of organic matter in studied photosynthetic organisms vs. animals, we have examined algal compression fossils and organically-preserved body-fossil. Differences in the Raman spectroscopic signature between various taxa have been observed. Vibrational absorption bands similar to those characteristic of α-chitin signature have been detected in the organic wall of Sabellidites, consistent with its metazoan identity. Distinct organic matter spectra of the macroalgae Chuaria, Tawuia and Beltanelliformis, and the possible early annelid Sabellidites indicate that Raman spectroscopy could be a useful method in identifying different branches of the early eukaryotes. Additionally, the recognition of the earliest metazoans among un-diagnostic tubular fossils by biochemical signatures and wall ultrastructure, could provide the minimum age of their origins.

  • 25.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Canfield, Donald
    University of Southern Denmark.
    Cyst and operculum formation in Cambrian-Ordovician galeate acritarchs from Estonia: implications for the algal phylogeny and blooms in the early Paleozoic2014In: 4th International Palaeontological Congress Abstract Volume: The history of life: a view from the Southern Hemisphere, 2014, p. 913-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Unicellular organic-walled microfossils have been recovered from the Cambrian Lükati Formation and the Tremadocian Varangu Formation exposed in northern Estonia. Due to a combination of main morphological and biochemical characters, mainly a) excystment opening, b) processes, c) acetolysis-  resistant vesicle wall, microfossils have been interpreted as reproductive cysts of green algae. Both microfossil assemblages reflect the evolutionary patterns though the early Palaeozoic: from the Cambrian radiation of morphologically innovative taxa to increase in diversity and more disparate Ordovician forms. Combined light transmitted and scanning electron microscopy on the Middle Cambrian to Tremadocian galeate plexus acritarchs CaldariolaPriscogalea and Stelliferidium, revealed exceptionally preserved morphological elements and rare structure among fossil and extant microbiota – an opening with operculum (lid) in reproductive cyst, in addition to lavish vesicle ornamentation and sculpture. Operculum formation model is reconstructed from fossils at different stages of operculum position and attachment. Comparative morphology shows strong similarity of galeates to the reproductive cysts of the extant algae of Dasycladales (Chlorophyta), where the lid covering the cyst opening is determined by an intrinsic lid-forming apparatus during the organism’s reproductive stage. Opercula in Cambro-Ordovician galeate acritarchs and Dasycladales may be considered a homologous character. Unique morphology of the operculum-bearing microbiota would have required a degree of intracellular sophistication for its development, suggesting advanced intracellular machinery present already in the early Palaeozoic phytoplankton. Additionally, a new species of minute, sphaeromorphic and aggregated eukaryotic microfossils is recorded. It possesses a vesicle wall with corrugated sculpture and perforated by nano-scale pores. These minute early Cambrian microfossils have diagnostic characters of prasinophyte algae.

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  • 26.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Canfield, Donald
    University of Southern Denmark .
    Reproductive cyst and operculum formation in the Cambrian-Ordovician galeate-plexus microfossils2016In: GFF, ISSN 1103-5897, E-ISSN 2000-0863, Vol. 138, no 2, p. 278-294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Unicellular organic-walled microfossils from the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in Estonia (ca. 490-480 million years ago) exhibit rare characters reflecting their function as reproductive algal cysts. The studied assemblages record the evolutionary history of phytoplankton in the early Paleozoic Era: novel morphologies appearing through the Cambrian and subsequently diversifying in the Ordovician. Well preserved specimens were extracted following a standard palynological method and studied by light transmitted microscopy. The galeate plexus acritarchs Caldariola, Priscogalea and Stelliferidium have revealed exceptionally preserved morphological elements and a rare structure among both fossil and extant protists – an opening with operculum (lid) in reproductive cysts, in addition to lavish vesicle ornamentation and sculpture. Analogous morphology is observed in the living dasycladalean alga Acetabularia (Chlorophyta), which possesses an intrinsic lid-forming apparatus used during organism’s reproductive stage. Based on the observations on the fossil material and studies on the Acetabularia lid-formation, we propose a model of operculum formation in the galeate plexus microorganisms. Due to strong morphological and ecological similarities between galeate fossils and dasycladalean cysts, and the antiquity of this algal order, galeates may be positioned within green algae, more specifically Dasycladales. Unique morphology of the operculum-bearing microbiota would have required a high degree of intracellular complexity for its development, suggesting that advanced intracellular machinery was present already in the early Paleozoic phytoplankton. Additionally, minute prasinophyte microfossils Reticella corrugata  are reported for the first time in the Upper Cambrian strata. 

  • 27.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Yin, Leiming
    Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    Affnity, life cycle, and intracellular complexity of organic-walled microfossils from the Mesoproterozoic of Shanxi, China2015In: Journal of Paleontology, ISSN 0022-3360, E-ISSN 1937-2337, Vol. 89, no 1, p. 28-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light microscope and scanning electron microscope observations on new material of unicellularmicrofossils Dictyosphaera macroreticulata and Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum, from the MesoproterozoicRuyang Group in China, provide insights into the microorganisms’ biological affinity, life cycle and cellularcomplexity. Gigantosphaeridium fibratum n. gen. et sp., is described and is one of the largest Mesoproterozoicmicrofossils recorded. Phenotypic characters of vesicle ornamentation and excystment structures, properties ofresistance and cell wall structure in Dictyosphaera and Shuiyousphaeridium are all diagnostic of microalgalcysts. The wide size ranges of the various morphotypes indicate growth phases compatible with the development ofreproductive cysts. Conspecific biologically, each morphotype represents an asexual (resting cyst) or sexual (zygotic cyst)stage in the life cycle, respectively. We reconstruct this hypothetical life cycle and infer that the organism demonstrates areproductive strategy of alternation of heteromorphic generations. Similarly in Gigantosphaeridium, a metabolicallyexpensive vesicle with processes suggests its protective role as a zygotic cyst. In combination with all these charactersand from the resemblance to extant green algae, we propose the placement of these ancient microorganisms in the stemgroup of Chloroplastida (Viridiplantae). A cell wall composed of primary and secondary layers in Dictyosphaera andShuiyouisphaeridium required a high cellular complexity for their synthesis and the presence of an endomembranesystem and the Golgi apparatus. The plastid was also present, accepting the organism was photosynthetic. The biotareveals a high degree of morphological and cell structural complexity, and provides an insight into ongoing eukaryoticevolution and the development of complex life cycles with sexual reproduction by 1200Ma.

  • 28.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Yin, Leiming
    Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    Diversity of organic-walled microfossils from the early Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group, North China Craton - a window into the early eukaryote evolution2017In: Precambrian Research, ISSN 0301-9268, E-ISSN 1872-7433, p. 101-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mesoproterozoic Era was an important time for the initial diversification of eukaryotic groups and the appearance of the first complex morphologies. While eukaryotes evolved around 2.4 Ga, the first microfossils with ornamentation and sculpture occur in the 1.8-1.6 Ga successions worldwide. Shales and siltstones of the Ruyang Group, Shanxi Province, North China Craton, record a high diversity of such organic-walled microfossils. Recently, the depositional ages of this succession has been constrained to 1.75-1.40 Ga via   zircon U-Pb dating. This dating extends back the time of the first appearance of complex eukaryotic characters (e.g. processes, complex wall structure) in the fossil record. We have conducted a biostratigraphic investigation on of the samples throughout the fossiliferous Ruyang Group to provide an estimate of the early eukaryotic diversity in the Mesoproterozoic. Light- and scanning electron microscope studies have documented 26 species, including several that are reported for the first time, and some that were previously known only from younger, Neoproterozoic strata. Fossil diversity is high in the upper Baicaoping Formation, declines in the middle and reaches its peak in the upper Beidajian Formation. Novel morphologies among the unicellular Ruyang biota include a variety of processes, from tube-like extensions to hirsute spines, vesicles with velutinous outer membranes, as well as numerous specimens with internal bodies of varying sizes. We have also recorded the globally distributed Mesoproterozoic taxa Dictyosphaera, Shuiyousphaeridium, and Tappania. Key characters displayed by the Ruyang biota are consistent with reproductive structures (especially cysts among modern protists. These microfossils provide an additional evidence for the emergence of the crown group Eukarya by 1.7-1.4 Ga.

  • 29.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Moczydłowska, Małgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Yin, Leiming
    Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    Morphology of the Proterozoic eukaryotic microfossils as a reflection of their intracellular complexity2014In: 4th International Palaeontological Congress Abstract Volume: The history of life: a view fom the southern hemisphere / [ed] Esperanza CERDEÑO, 2014, p. 256-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mesoproterozoic is a time of increasing diversity of microscopic life and appearance of intricate new cell morphologies. First eukaryotes may have evolved around 2.4 Ga, but the first microbiota with intricate sculpture and ornamentation are found in the younger, 1.8.-1.6 Ga successions worldwide. Such microfossils were uncovered from the Ruyang Formation in Shanxi, China and Roper Group, Northern Territories, Australia, dating back to 1.6-1.0 Ga ago. Some of these unicellular organic-walled fossils share characters with Ediacaran and Phanerozoic fossils, as well as extant green microalgae. Key characters among some Precambrian acritarchs are acetolysis-resistant vesicle with multi-layered walls; vesicle ornamentation by diverse processes that are produced during cyst formation; and excystment openings for the release of gametes or daughter-cells. Combination of these morphological elements, also present in extant phytoplankton, reflects the fossils’ protective function as reproductive cysts, indicating that complex life cycles and reproduction were well under way in Mesoproterozoic. Several case studies of microfossil morphology likely induced by intrinsic eukaryotic mechanisms are presented.

    Distinctive vesicle wall composed of the primary layer reinforced by polygonal platelets in Mesoproterozoic taxa Dictyosphaera and Shuiyouisphaeridium, as well as the sophisticated vesicle-wall patterning on the fossil sphaeromorphs Valeria and younger Cerebrosphaera would have required a certain degree of complexity for their formation, as observed in the present day analogues among eukaryotic protists. This suggests the activity of the key eukaryotic organelles and cellular mechanisms and signalling for the cyst formation. Considering that Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmatic reticulum are the organelles regulating eukaryotic secretory pathway and synthesis of biopolymers used in cell-wall construction, they would have been required for the complex morphology observed in these Precambrian taxa. Therefore, the presence of GA and ER in the eukaryotic cell is inferred at the minimum age of 1.6-1.4 Ga. Similarly, morphology of acritarchs of the Cambrian galeate plexus, namely openings with opercula, is likely induced by the activity of the LFA organelle (lid-forming apparatus) as in the extant dasycladalean alga Acetabularia.

    Additionally, several new morphotypes from the Ruyang Formation are presented. These unicellular fossils bear a velutinous outer membrane surrounding an internal sphere, which suggests a protective function of a reproductive or a resting cyst.

    Cyst-like morphology varies in disparity, but its key features are consistent through Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic.

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  • 30.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Ward, L.
    Juarez Rivera, M.
    Kerrigan, Z.
    Petryshyn, V.A.
    Corsetti, F.A.
    Tripati, A.
    Lateral growth of Late Pleistocene stromatolites from Walker Lake (Nevada) and proxy constraints on environmental change2014In: 2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Walker Lake, a terminal sodium bicarbonate lake in Western Nevada (Great Basin, USA) contains numerous carbonate structures, including stromatolites. The lake is a remnant of the larger Pleistocene Lake Lahontan system that has been isolated for the last ~12 ka. Stromatolites of unique macroscale morphology were collected at the ancient Lahontan shoreline during the 2014 International Geobiology Course.

    Initial observations of a stromatolite bed revealed a bowl-shaped carbonate framework composed of stacked, weakly laminated, vertical and horizontal petal-like structures with copious pore space. One laterally-oriented petal was taken off of the main structure and studied. Petrographical observations exhibit two types of alternating microfabrics and three transitions in microfabric. Both sparry crystal fans of calcite, and convex layers of fine micrite with occasional trapped crystals and fossils, were observed.

    Calibrated 14C ages (IntCal13) for the proximal and the distal end of the stromatolite are 35,540 YBP and 33,580 YBP, respectively. Clumped isotope (D47)-based estimates of temperature steadily increase throughout most of this interval, from the beginning of accretion, to the middle of the structure. By the distal end, values are at their peak, and at the tip temperatures decrease again. D47-temperatures correspond to microfabric, with textural changes associated with evidence for climatic fluctuations.

    We suggest the stromatolite formation may have been initiated during warmer intervals, induced by the chemical precipitation of calcite fans which served as a substrate for a biofilm growth. Microbial activity trapped the fine sediment and formed micrite. Colder conditions propagated fan precipitation. Microfabric alternation throughout the stromatolite records environmental change in the span of ca. 2000 years of Lake Lahontan history, likely in response to lake level fluctuations.

  • 31.
    Agić, Heda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Ward, Lewis
    California Institute of Technology.
    Juarez Rivera, Marisol
    University of California-Davis.
    Kerrigan, Zak
    University of Rhode Island.
    Petryshyn, Victoria A.
    University of California, Los Angeles.
    Corsetti, Frank A.
    University of Southern California.
    Tripati, Aradhna
    University of California, Los Angeles.
    Lateral growth of Late Pleistocene stromatolites from Walker Lake (Nevada) and proxy constrains on environmental change2014In: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America , 2014, p. 300-4-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Walker Lake, a terminal sodium bicarbonate lake in Western Nevada (Great Basin, USA) contains numerous carbonate structures, including stromatolites. The lake is a remnant of the larger Pleistocene Lake Lahontan system that has been isolated for the last ~12 ka. Stromatolites of unique macroscale morphology were collected at the ancient Lahontan shoreline during the 2014 International Geobiology Course.

    Initial observations of a stromatolite bed revealed a bowl-shaped carbonate framework composed of stacked, weakly laminated, vertical and horizontal petal-like structures with copious pore space. One laterally-oriented petal was taken off of the main structure and studied. Petrographical observations exhibit two types of alternating microfabrics and three transitions in microfabric. Both sparry crystal fans of calcite, and convex layers of fine micrite with occasional trapped crystals and fossils, were observed.

    Calibrated 14C ages (IntCal13) for the proximal and the distal end of the stromatolite are 35,540 YBP and 33,580 YBP, respectively. Clumped isotope (D47)-based estimates of temperature steadily increase throughout most of this interval, from the beginning of accretion, to the middle of the structure. By the distal end, values are at their peak, and at the tip temperatures decrease again. D47-temperatures correspond to microfabric, with textural changes associated with evidence for climatic fluctuations.

    We suggest the stromatolite formation may have been initiated during warmer intervals, induced by the chemical precipitation of calcite fans which served as a substrate for a biofilm growth. Microbial activity trapped the fine sediment and formed micrite. Colder conditions propagated fan precipitation. Microfabric alternation throughout the stromatolite records environmental change in the span of ca. 2000 years of Lake Lahontan history, likely in response to lake level fluctuations.

  • 32. Agnini, C
    et al.
    Fornaciari, E
    Rio, D
    Tateo, F
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology and Geochemistry.
    Giusberti, L
    Responses of calcareous nannofossil assemblages, mineralogy and geochemistry to the environmental pertubartions across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Venetian Pre-Alps2007In: Marine micropaleontology, Vol. 63Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33. Agnini, Claudia
    et al.
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology and Geochemistry.
    An early Eocene carbon cycle perturbation at ~52.5 Ma from the southern Alps: Chronology and biotic response2009In: Paleoceanography, ISSN 0883-8305, E-ISSN 1944-9186, Vol. 24, no PA2209, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Agnini, Claudia
    et al.
    University of Padova.
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology and Geochemistry.
    It Paleognee inferiore in facies pelagica ne Venetor nord-orientalie2009In: Rendiconto online Soc. Geol. It, Vol. 4, p. 5-12Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35. Agnini, Claudia
    et al.
    Fornaciari, Eliana
    Raffi, Isabella
    Catanzariti, Rita
    Paelike, Heiko
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Rio, Domenico
    Biozonation and biochronology of Paleogene calcareous nannofossils from low and middle latitudes2014In: Newsletters on stratigraphy, ISSN 0078-0421, Vol. 47, no 2, p. 131-181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcareous nannofossils have provided a powerful biostratigraphic tool since the 1950's and 1960's, when several milestone papers began to highlight their potential use in dating Cenozoic sediments and rocks. Here, we present a new calcareous nannofossil biozonation for the Paleogene Period, which is based on biostratigraphic data collected during the past 30 years. Semi-quantitative counting methods applied on DSDP/ODP drill sites and marine on-land sections have been used to demonstrate the details of the abundance patterns of each biostratigraphically useful calcareous nannofossil taxon. This new biozonation still partly relies on older biozonations and thus represents an integration between those classical biohorizons that proved reliable and new biohorizons proposed as substitutes for bioevents considered problematic. Thirty-eight new Paleogene biozones are proposed using a new code system: 11 Paleocene biozones (CNP1-CNP11), 21 Eocene biozones (CNE1-CNE21) and 6 Oligocene biozones (CNO1-CNO6). The new scheme uses a limited number of biohorizons, one for each biozone boundary, which guarantees more stability although with a coarser resolution. A series of additional biohorizons are included in almost every biozone. This new Paleogene biozonation has an average duration of 1.1 Myr per biozone, ranging from 0.9 Myr in the Paleocene, to 1.0 Myr in the Eocene, and 1.8 Myr in the Oligocene. Age estimates provided for calcareous nannofossil biohorizons are calculated using both magnetostratigraphic and astronomically tuned cyclostratigraphic data.

  • 36. Agnini, Claudia
    et al.
    Fornaciari, Eliana
    Rio, Domenico
    Tateo, Fabio
    Backman, Jan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology and Geochemistry.
    Responses of calcareous nannofossil assemblages, mineralogy, and geochemistry to the environmental perturbations across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Venetian Pre-Alps2007In: Marine Micropaleontology, Vol. 63, p. 19-38Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37. Ahl, Martin
    et al.
    Bergman, Stefan
    Bergström, Ulf
    Eliasson, Thomas
    Ripa, Magnus
    Weihed, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences. Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik.
    Geochemical classification of plutonic rocks in central and northern Sweden2001Report (Other academic)
  • 38. Ahl, Martin
    et al.
    Bergman, Stefan
    Bergström, Ulf
    Eliasson, Thomas
    Ripa, Magnus
    Weihed, Pär
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.
    Geochemical classification of plutonic rocks in central and northern Sweden2001Report (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Ahlberg, K., Almgren, E., Wright, H.E., Ito, E.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Holocene stable-isotope stratigraphy at Lough Gur, County Limerick, Western Ireland2001In: The Holocene, Vol. 11, no 3, p. 375-380Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Ahlberg, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology.
    Follow the footprints and mind the gaps: a new look at the origin of tetrapods2019In: Earth and environmental science transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, ISSN 1755-6910, E-ISSN 1755-6929, Vol. 109, no 1-2, p. 115-137Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The hypothesis that tetrapods evolved from elpistostegids during the Frasnian, in a predominantly aquatic context, has been challenged by the discovery of Middle Devonian tetrapod trackways predating the earliest body fossils of both elpistostegids and tetrapods. Here I present a new hypothesis based on an overview of the trace fossil and body fossil evidence. The trace fossils demonstrate that tetrapods were capable of performing subaerial lateral sequence walks before the end of the Middle Devonian. The derived morphological characters of elpistostegids and Devonian tetrapods are related to substrate locomotion, weight support and aerial vision, and thus to terrestrial competence, but the retention of lateral-line canals, gills and fin rays shows that they remained closely tied to the water. Elpistostegids and tetrapods both evolved no later than the beginning of the Middle Devonian. The earliest tetrapod records come from inland river basins, sabkha plains and ephemeral coastal lakes that preserve few, if any, body fossils; contemporary elpistostegids occur in deltas and the lower reaches of permanent rivers where body fossils are preserved. During the Frasnian, elpistostegids disappear and these riverine-deltaic environments are colonised by tetrapods. This replacement has, in the past, been misinterpreted as the origin of tetrapods.

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  • 41.
    Ahlberg, Per. E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Blom, H.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Palaeontology group.
    Clack, J. A.
    The axial skeleton of the Devonian Tetrapod Ichthyostega2003In: The Gross Symposium 2. Advances in Palaeoichthyology. Riga, Latvia., 2003, p. 7-8Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Blom, Henning
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Brazeau, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clément, Gaël
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Snitting, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    The virtual Eusthenopteron: inside the head of a Devonian lobe-fin with CT.2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Blom, Henning
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Brazeau, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clément, Gaël
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Snitting, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    The virtual Eusthenopteron: inside the head of a Devonian lobe-fin with CT. In A. Ivanov and G. Young (eds.), Middle Palaeozoic Vertebrates from Laurussia: Relationships with Siberia, Kazakhstan, Asia and Gondwana. Ichthyolith Issues Special Publication 9:3–4.2005Other (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clack, J. A.
    Blom, H.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Palaeontology group.
    The axial skeleton of the Devonian Tetrapod Ichthyostega.2003In: 51st symposium of vertebrate palaeontology and comparative anatomy, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, 2003, p. 3-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clack, Jennifer A.
    Palaeontology: A firm step from water to land2006In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 440, no 7085, p. 747-749Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Ahlsén, Jimmy
    et al.
    Perfomers of environmental monitoring, Companies, Marine Monitoring AB.
    Bergkvist, Johanna
    Perfomers of environmental monitoring, Companies, Marine Monitoring AB.
    Granmo, Åke
    Perfomers of environmental monitoring, Companies, Marine Monitoring AB.
    Undersökning av biota och sediment i anslutning till dumpningsområden av kemisk ammunition på väst- och östkusten 20192020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine Monitoring AB has by the request of the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management conducted an investigation about how widespread the contamination of dumped chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are in the dumping areas of Måseskär and the Gotland Basin. Earlier investigation in the area outside of Måseskär has shown traces of degradables from the CWAs Clark I and/or Clark II in biological samples. Sample fishing has been done in the eastern parts of the dumping area outside of Måseskär that has not previously been studied, as well as in the Gotland Basin wherein gas bombs has been visually identified. Chemical analyses were done by the Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, University of Helsinki (VERIFIN).

    Suitable target species were picked based on their commercial value and their ecology. On the west coast Norwegian lobsters, northern prawn and hagfish were captured and analysed. On the east coast cod and European flounder were captured and analysed. The sample fishing was conducted using passive gear such as cages, traps and nets. Sediment samples were also collected in the Gotland Basin.

    The results from the chemical analyses of the biological samples showed traces of CWA in the form of Clark I and/or Clark II as well as Arsine oil. Traces of CWA occurred in a bulk sample of hagfish caught downstream of the wreck BAL141 on the west coast and in two of the six bulk samples of cod captured in the Gotland Basin. All of the sediment samples contained traces of Clark I and/or Clark II in the form of diphenylarsinic acid (3O) and of Arsine oil in the form of triphenylarsine oxide (4O) as well as methylated forms of Adamsite (2.1) and Clark (3.1). The samples contained measurable concentrations however below the limits of quantitation.

    The risks of spreading of the content of the dumped CWAs rise as time passes because of corrosion of encapsulating shells. Natural currents lead to higher risks downstream of affected areas, something that can additionally worsen by bottom activities such as trawling in the area. All of the sediment samples taken in the Gotland Basin contained traces of CWAs which indicate that large sections of the area are contaminated. The same substances detected in the sediments were also found in the tissue of biological samples caught at the same locations. Affected biological samples have now for the first time been found within the territorial boarder at the dumping area on the west coast. This means a greater regulatory control from governmental agencies as to how the area will be used in the future.

    The low concentrations of Clark I and/or Clark II detected during earlier studies 2016 and 2017 as well as in the present study does not mean a greater health risk at consumption according to the Swedish National Food Agency (personal communication, Salomon Sand, Swedish Food Agency, Sweden). Presence of the compounds does however imply that they can accumulate in the tissues of biological samples in the studied areas. Traces of CWAs should not be present at all in the organisms, neither in the wild or on the dinner table.

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  • 47.
    Ahmadi, Omid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics.
    Koyi, Hemin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Mineralogy Petrology and Tectonics.
    Juhlin, Christopher
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics.
    Gessner, Klaus
    Geol Survey Western Australia, 100 Plain St, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia.
    Seismic signatures of complex geological structures in the Cue-Weld range area, Murchison domain, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia2016In: Tectonophysics, Vol. 689, p. 56-66Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Murchison domain forms the northwest part of the Youanmi Terrane, a tectonic unit within the Neoarchean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia. In the Cue-Weld Range area the Murchison domain has experienced a complex magmatic and deformation history that resulted in a transposed array of greenstone belts that host significant iron, gold, and base metal deposits. In this study, we interpret the upper 2 s (about 6 km) of a deep crustal seismic profile TOGA-YU1, near the town of Cue, and correlate rock units and structures in outcrop with corresponding reflections. We performed 3D constant velocity ray-tracing and calculate the corresponding travel times for the reflectionsfor time domain pre-stack and post-stack seismic data. This allows us to link shallow reflections with mafic volcanic rocks of the Glen Group and basaltic rocks of the Polelle Group in outcrop. Based on our interpretation and published geological maps and data, we propose a model in which the local stratigraphy represents a refolded thrust system. To test our hypothesis, we applied 2D acoustic finite difference forward modeling. The corresponding synthetic data were processed in the same way as the acquired data. Comparisons between the acquired and the synthetic data show that the model is consistent with observations. We propose a new model for the subsurface of the Cue-Weld Range area and argue that some of the lithologies in the area are repeated structurally at different levels. Our approach highlights the benefit of imaging and modeling of deep seismic transects to resolve local structural complexity in Archean granite-greenstone terrains.

  • 48.
    Ahmed, Engy
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Holmström, Sara J. M.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geological Sciences.
    Siderophores in environmental research: roles and applications2014In: Microbial Biotechnology, ISSN 1751-7907, E-ISSN 1751-7915, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 196-208Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Siderophores are organic compounds with low molecular masses that are produced by microorganisms and plants growing under low iron conditions. The primary function of these compounds is to chelate the ferric iron [Fe(III)] from different terrestrial and aquatic habitats and thereby make it available for microbial and plant cells. Siderophores have received much attention in recent years because of their potential roles and applications in various areas of environmental research. Their significance in these applications is because siderophores have the ability to bind a variety of metals in addition to iron, and they have a wide range of chemical structures and specific properties. For instance, siderophores function as biocontrols, biosensors, and bioremediation and chelation agents, in addition to their important role in weathering soil minerals and enhancing plant growth. The aim of this literature review is to outline and discuss the important roles and functions of siderophores in different environmental habitats and emphasize the significant roles that these small organic molecules could play in applied environmental processes.

  • 49.
    Ahmed, Engy
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Sci Life Lab, Tomtebodavagen 23A, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden..
    Parducci, Laura
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Unneberg, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution.
    Ågren, Rasmus
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sci Life Lab, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Schenk, Frederik
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rattray, Jayne E.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Calgary, Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Han, Lu
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics. Jilin Univ, Coll Life Sci, Ancient DNA Lab, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China..
    Muschitiello, Francesco
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9NW, Palisades, NY USA..
    Pedersen, Mikkel W.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England..
    Smittenberg, Rienk H.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Yamoah, Kweku Afrifa
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Slotte, Tanja
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Sci Life Lab, Tomtebodavagen 23A, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden..
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Archaeal community changes in Lateglacial lake sediments: Evidence from ancient DNA2018In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 181, p. 19-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Lateglacial/early Holocene sediments from the ancient lake at Hasseldala Port, southern Sweden provide an important archive for the environmental and climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age and the transition into the present Interglacial. The existing multi-proxy data set highlights the complex interplay of physical and ecological changes in response to climatic shifts and lake status changes. Yet, it remains unclear how microorganisms, such as Archaea, which do not leave microscopic features in the sedimentary record, were affected by these climatic shifts. Here we present the metagenomic data set of Hasseldala Port with a special focus on the abundance and biodiversity of Archaea. This allows reconstructing for the first time the temporal succession of major Archaea groups between 13.9 and 10.8 ka BP by using ancient environmental DNA metagenomics and fossil archaeal cell membrane lipids. We then evaluate to which extent these findings reflect physical changes of the lake system, due to changes in lake-water summer temperature and seasonal lake-ice cover. We show that variations in archaeal composition and diversity were related to a variety of factors (e.g., changes in lake water temperature, duration of lake ice cover, rapid sediment infilling), which influenced bottom water conditions and the sediment-water interface. Methanogenic Archaea dominated during the Allerod and Younger Dryas pollen zones, when the ancient lake was likely stratified and anoxic for large parts of the year. The increase in archaeal diversity at the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition is explained by sediment infilling and formation of a mire/peatbog. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 50.
    Aiglsperger, Thomas
    et al.
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Proenza, Joaquín A.
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Font-Bardia, Mercé
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Baurier-Aymat, Sandra
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Galí, Salvador
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Lewis, John F.
    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
    Longo, Francisco
    Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
    Supergene neoformation of Pt-Ir-Fe-Ni alloys: multistage grains explain nugget formation in Ni-laterites2017In: Mineralium Deposita, ISSN 0026-4598, E-ISSN 1432-1866, Vol. 52, no 7, p. 1069-1083Article in journal (Refereed)
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