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  • 1. Aabloo, A
    et al.
    Klintenberg, M
    Thomas, John Oswald
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Molecular dynamics simulation of a polymer-inorganic interface.2000In: Electrochim.Acta, Vol. 45, p. 1425-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Aabloo, A.
    et al.
    Thomas, John Oswald
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Molecular dynamics simulation of lithium ion mobility in a PEO surface.2001In: Solid State Ionics, Vol. 143, p. 83-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Aabloo, A
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Thomas, John Oswald
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Molecular dynamics simulation of Nd3+ ions in a crystalline PEO surface1998In: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, ISSN 0013-4686, Vol. 43, no 10-11, p. 1361-1364Article in journal (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Poly(ethylene oxide) based electrolytes are systems in which ionic salts are dissolved into an amorphous EO matrix. Potentials developed earlier to model crystalline and amorphous bulk PEO systems are here used for the MD simulation at 400 K of the behavi

  • 4.
    Aabloo, A
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Thomas, John Oswald
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Molecular dynamics simulations of a poly(ethylene oxide) surface1997In: POLYMER, ISSN 0032-3861, Vol. 38, no 18, p. A47-A51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Potentials developed earlier for crystalline and amorphous bulk PEO systems have been used for the MD simulation of a PEO surface model. The surface comprises the outer region of a 122 Angstrom-thick sheet of PEO in which the PEO, -(CH2-CH2-O)(n)- chains

  • 5.
    Aarik, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. oorganisk kemi.
    Aidla, A.
    Mändar, H.
    Uustare, T.
    Schuisky, M.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. oorganisk kemi.
    Hårsta, A.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. oorganisk kemi.
    Atomic layer growth of epitaxial TiO2 thin films from TiCl4 and H2O on a-Al2O3 substrates2002In: J. Cryst. Growth, no 242, p. 189-198Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Aarik, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. oorganisk kemi.
    Sundqvist, J.
    Aidla, A.
    Lu, J.
    Sajavaara, T.
    Kukli, K.
    Hårsta, Anders
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. oorganisk kemi.
    Hafnium tetraiodide and oxygen as precursors for atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide thin films2002In: Thin Solid Films, Vol. 418, p. 69-72Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Abada, Maria
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry.
    Spent Nuclear Fuel under Repository Conditions: Update and Expansion of Database and Development of Machine Learning Models2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is highly radioactive and therefore needs to be stored in deep geological repositories for thousands of years before it can be safely returned to nature. Due to the long storage times, performance assessments (PA) of the deep geological repositories are made. During PA dissolution experiments of SNF are made to evaluate the consequences of groundwater leaking into the fuel canister in case of barrier failure. These experiments are both expensive and time consuming, which is why computational models that can predict SNF dissolution behaviour are desirable. 

    This thesis focuses on gathering available experimental data of dissolution experiments to update and expand a database. Using the database, the dissolution behaviour of each radionuclide (RN) has been evaluated and compared to previous knowledge from existing literature. While it was difficult to be conclusive on the behaviour of elements where a limited amount of data was available, the dissolution behaviours found of different radionuclides in this thesis not only correspond to previous studies but also provide a tool to manage and compare SNF leaching data from different starting materials, irradiation history and leaching conditions. Moreover, the compilation of such a large amount of experimental data made it possible to understand where future experimental efforts should be focused, i.e. there is a lack of data during reducing conditions.

    In addition, machine learning models using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms were developed and run using the database after which the performances were evaluated. The performances of each algorithm were compared to get an understanding of which model performed best, but also to understand whether these kinds of models are suitable tools for SNF dissolution behaviour predictions. The best performing model, with training and test R2 scores close to 1, was the XGBoost model. Although XGBoost, had a high performance, it was concluded that more experimental data is needed before machine learning models can be used in real situations.

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  • 8. Abbasi, Alireza
    et al.
    Damian Risberg, Emiliana
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Mink, Janos
    Persson, Ingmar
    Sandström, Magnus
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Sidorov, Yurii V.
    Skripkin, Mikhail Yu.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Inorganic and Structural Chemistry.
    Ullström, Ann-Sofi
    Crystallographic and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Octakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)lanthanoid(III) Iodides2007In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 46, no 19, p. 7731-7741Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The octakis(DMSO) (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide) neodymium(III), samarium(III), gadolinium(III), dysprosium(III), erbium(III), and lutetium(III) iodides crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14) with Z = 4, while the octakis(DMSO) iodides of the larger lanthanum(III), cerium(III), and praseodymium(III) ions crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61), Z = 8. In all [Ln(OS(Me2)8]I3 compounds the lanthanoid(III) ions coordinate eight DMSO oxygen atoms in a distorted square antiprism. Up to three of the DMSO ligands were found to be disordered and were described by two alternative configurations related by a twist around the metal−oxygen (Ln−O) bond. To resolve the atomic positions and achieve reliable Ln−O bond distances, complete semirigid DMSO molecules with restrained geometry and partial occupancy were refined for the alternative sites. This disorder model was also applied on previously collected data for the monoclinic octakis(DMSO)yttrium(III) iodide. At ambient temperature, the eight Ln−O bond distances are distributed over a range of about 0.1 Å. The average value increases from Ln−O 2.30, 2.34, 2.34, 2.36, 2.38, 2.40 to 2.43 Å (Ln = Lu, Er, Y, Dy, Gd, Sm, and Nd) for the monoclinic [Ln(OSMe2)8]I3 structures, and from 2.44, 2.47 to 2.49 Å (Ln = Pr, Ce, and La) for the orthorhombic structures, respectively. The average of the La−O and Nd−O bond distances remained unchanged at 100 K, 2.49 and 2.43 Å, respectively. Despite longer bond distances and larger Ln−O−S angles, the cell volumes are smaller for the orthorhombic structures (Ln = Pr, Ce, and La) than for the monoclinic structure with Ln = Nd, showing a more efficient packing arrangement. Raman and IR absorption spectra for the [Ln(OS(CH3)2)8]I3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Lu, and Y) compounds, also deuterated for La and Y, have been recorded and analyzed by means of normal coordinate methods. The force constants for the Ln−O and S−O stretching modes in the complexes increase with decreasing Ln−O bond distance and show increasing polarization of the bonds for the smaller and heavier lanthanoid(III) ions.

  • 9. Abbrent, S
    et al.
    Plestil, J
    Hlavata, D
    Lindgren, Jan
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Tegenfeldt, Jörgen
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Structural Chemistry. strukturkemi.
    Wendsjö, Å
    Crystallinity and morphology of PVdF-HFP based gel electrolytes.2001In: Polymer, Vol. 42, p. 1407-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks and Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents the synthesis, properties, and applications of two important classes of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); lanthanide MOFs and hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). The materials have been characterized using a wide range of techniques including diffraction, imaging, various spectroscopic techniques, gas sorption, dynamical light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

    In Chapter 1, the unique features of MOFs and ZIFs as well as their potential applications are summarized. In Chapter 2, different characterization techniques are presented.

    Chapter 3 describes a family of new isoreticular lanthanide MOFs synthesized using tri-topic linkers of different sizes, H3L1-H3L4, denoted SUMOF-7I-IV (Ln) (SU; Stockholm University, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, Paper I). The SUMOF-7I-III (Ln) contain permanent pores and exhibit exceptionally high thermal and chemical stability. The luminescence properties of SUMOF-7IIs are reported (Paper II). The influences of Ln ions and the tri-topic linkers as well as solvent molecules on the luminescence properties are investigated. Furthermore, the potential of SUMOF-7II (La) for selective sensing of Fe (III) ions and the amino acid tryptophan is demonstrated (Paper III). 

    Chapter 4 presents a simple, fast and scalable approach for the synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 using triethylamine (TEA)-assisted approach (Paper IV). Organic dye molecules and proteins are encapsulated directly into the ZIFs using the one-pot method. The photophysical properties of the dyes are improved through the encapsulation into ZIF-8 nanoparticles (Paper IV). The porosity and surface area of the ZIF materials can be tuned using the different amounts of dye or TEA. To further simplify the synthesis of hierarchical porous ZIF-8, a template-free approach is presented using sodium hydroxide, which at low concentrations induces the formation of zinc hydroxide nitrate nanosheets that serve as in situ sacrificial templates (Chapter 5, Paper V). A 2D leaf-like ZIF (ZIF-L) is also obtained using the method. The hierarchical porous ZIF-8 and ZIF-L show good performance for CO2 sorption.

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    Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks and Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
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  • 11.
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Huang, Zhehao
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    El-Zhory, Ahmed M.
    Haoquan, Zheng
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    A Fast and Scalable Approach for Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and One-Pot Encapsulation of Target Molecules2017In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 56, no 15, p. 9139-9146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A trimethylamine (TEA)-assisted synthesis approach that combines the preparation of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 nanoparticles and one-pot encapsulation of target molecules is presented. Two dye molecules, rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB), and one protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) were tested as the target molecules. The addition of TEA into the solution of zinc nitrate promoted the formation of ZnO nanocrystals, which rapidly transformed to ZIF-8 nanoparticles after the addition of the linker 2-methylimidazole (Hmim). Hierarchical porous dye@ZIF-8 nanoparticles with high crystallinity, large BET surface areas (1300–2500 m2/g), and large pore volumes (0.5–1.0 cm3/g) could be synthesized. The synthesis procedure was fast (down to 2 min) and scalable. The Hmim/Zn ratio could be greatly reduced (down to 2:1) compared to previously reported ones. The surface areas, and the mesopore size, structure, and density could be modified by changing the TEA or dye concentrations, or by postsynthetic treatment using reflux in methanol. This synthesis and one-pot encapsulation approach is simple and can be readily scaled up. The photophysical properties such as lifetime and photostability of the dyes could be tuned via encapsulation. The lifetimes of the encapsulated dyes were increased by 3–27-fold for RhB@ZIF-8 and by 20-fold for MB@ZIF-8, compared to those of the corresponding free dyes. The synthesis approach is general, which was successfully applied for encapsulation of protein BSA. It could also be extended for the synthesis of hierarchical porous cobalt-based ZIF (dye@ZIF-67).

  • 12.
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Inorgan & Struct Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Berzelii Ctr EXSELENT Porous Mat, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Huang, Zhehao
    Stockholm Univ, Inorgan & Struct Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Berzelii Ctr EXSELENT Porous Mat, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    El-Zohry, Ahmed
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Physical Chemistry.
    Zheng, Haoquan
    Stockholm Univ, Inorgan & Struct Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Berzelii Ctr EXSELENT Porous Mat, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm Univ, Inorgan & Struct Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Berzelii Ctr EXSELENT Porous Mat, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    A Fast and Scalable Approach for Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and One-Pot Encapsulation of Target Molecules2017In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 56, no 15, p. 9139-9146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A trimethylamine (TEA)-assisted synthesis approach that combines the preparation of hierarchical porous zeolitic, imidazolate framework ZIF-8, nanoparticles and one-pot encapsulation of target molecules is presented. Two dye molecules, rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB), and one protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) were, tested as the target molecules. The addition of TEA into the solution of zinc nitrate promoted the formation of ZnO nanocrystals, which rapidly transformed to ZIF-8 nanoparticles after the addition of the linker 2-methylimidazole (Hmim): Hierarchical porous dye@ZIF-8 nanoparticles with high crystallinity, large BET surface areas (1300-2500 m(2)/g), and large pore Volatiles (0.5-1.0 cm(3)/g) could be synthesized. The synthesis procedure was fast (down to 2 min) and scalable. The Hmim/Zn ratio could be greatly reduced (down to 2:1) compared to previously reported ones. The surface areas, and the mesopore size, structure, and density could be modified by changing the TEA or dye concentrations, or by postsynthetic treatment using reflux in methanol. This synthesis and one-pot encapsulation approach is simple and can be readily scaled Up. The photophysical properties such as lifetime and photostability of the dyes could be tuned via encapsulation. The lifetimes of the encapsulated dyes were increased by 3-27-fold for RhB@ZIF-8 and by 20-fold for MB@ZIF-8, compared to those of the corresponding free dyes. The synthesis approach is general, which was successfully applied for encapsulation of protein BSA. It could also be extended for the synthesis of hierarchical porous cobalt-based ZIP (dye@ZIF-67).

  • 13.
    Abdelhamid, Hani
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Template-Free Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks Nanoparticles and their CO2 SorptionManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F.
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.;Nucl Mat Author, POB 530,El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt..
    Ashour, Radwa M.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.;Nucl Mat Author, POB 530,El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt..
    Fu, Le
    Cent South Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China..
    Dowaidar, Moataz
    King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals KFUPM, Dept Bioengn, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia..
    Xia, Wei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Science.
    Forsberg, Kerstin
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    Assiut Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Multifunct Mat Lab, Assiut 71515, Egypt.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Magnetic metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of cadmium(II), and lead(II) from aqueous solution2022In: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, E-ISSN 2213-3437, Vol. 10, no 3, article id 107467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Efficient and convenient methods for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions especially Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions is of great importance due to their serious threat to public health and the ecological system. In this study, two magnetic metal-organic frameworks (namely: Fe3O4@ZIF-8, and Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2) were synthesized, fully characterized, and applied for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption efficiencies for the prepared nanocomposites are strongly dependent on the pH of the aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2, and Fe3O4@ZIF-8 at pH 6.0 were calculated to be 714.3 mg.g(-), and 370 mg.g(-1) for Cd(II), respectively, and 833.3 mg.g(-1), and 666.7 mg.g(-1) for Pb(II), respectively. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order model and fit the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic, and spontaneous in nature. A plausible adsorption mechanism was discussed in detail. The magnetic adsorbents: Fe3O4@ZIF-8, and Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 showed excellent reusability, maintaining the same efficiency for at least four consecutive cycles. These results reveal the potential use of magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8, and Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 as efficient adsorbents in removing Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.

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  • 15.
    Abrahamsson, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics.
    Hammarström, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics.
    Tocher, Derek
    Nag, Samik
    Datta, Dipankar
    Modulation of the lowest metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state in [Ru(bpy)(2)(N-N)](2+) systems by changing the N-N from hydrazone to azine: Photophysical Consequences2006In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 45, no 23, p. 9580-9586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two Ru( II) complexes, [ Ru( bpy) L-2]( ClO4) 2 ( 1) and [ Ru( bpy)(2)L']( BF4) 2 ( 2), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, L is diacetyl dihydrazone, and L' 1: 2 is the condensate of L and acetone, are synthesized. From X-ray crystal structures, both are found to contain distorted octahedral RuN62+ cores. NMR spectra show that the cations in 1 and 2 possess a C-2 axis in solution. They display the expected metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( (MLCT)-M-1) band in the 400 - 500 nm region. Complex 1 is nonemissive at room temperature in solution as well as at 80 K. In contrast, complex 2 gives rise to an appreciable emission upon excitation at 440 nm. The room-temperature emission is centered at 730 nm ( lambda(max)(em)) with a quantum yield ( em) of 0.002 and a lifetime ( tau(em)) of 42 ns in an air-equilibrated methanol - ethanol solution. At 80 K, Phi(em) = 0.007 and tau(em)= 178 ns, with a lambda(max)(em) of 690 nm, which is close to the 0 - 0 transition, indicating an (MLCT)-M-3 excited-state energy of 1.80 eV. The radiative rate constant ( 5 x 10(4) s(-1)) at room temperature and 80 K is almost temperature independent. From spectroelectrochemistry, it is found that bpy is easiest to reduce in 2 and that L is easiest in 1. The implications of this are that in 2 the lowest (MLCT)-M-3 state is localized on a bpy ligand and in 1 it is localized on L. Transient absorption results also support these assignments. As a consequence, even though 2 shows a fairly strong and long-lived emission from a Ru( II) -> bpy CT state, the Ru( II) -> L CT state in 1 shows no detectable emission even at 80 K.

  • 16.
    Abrahamsson, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science.
    Lundqvist, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Quantum Chemistry.
    Wolpher, Henriette
    Johansson, Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry.
    Rasmussen, Torben
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry.
    Becker, Hans-Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science.
    Hammarström, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science.
    Norrby, Per-Ola
    Åkermark, Björn
    Persson, Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Quantum Chemistry.
    Steric influence on the excited-state lifetimes of ruthenium complexes with bipyridyl-alkanylene-pyridyl ligands.2008In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 47, no 9, p. 3540-3548Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The structural effect on the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited-state lifetime has been investigated in bis-tridentate Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes based on the terpyridine-like ligands [6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)](2-pyridyl)methane (1) and 2-[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2-(2-pyridyl)propane (2). A homoleptic ([Ru(2)(2)](2+)) and a heteroleptic complex ([Ru(ttpy)(2)](2+)) based on the new ligand 2 have been prepared and their photophysical and structural properties studied experimentally and theoretically and compared to the results for the previously reported [Ru(1)(2)](2+). The excited-state lifetime of the homoleptic Ru-II complex with the isopropylene-bridged ligand 2 was found to be 50 times shorter than that of the corresponding homoleptic Ru-II complex of ligand 1, containing a methylene bridge. A comparison of the ground-state geometries of the two homoleptic complexes shows that steric interactions involving the isopropylene bridges make the coordination to the central Ru-II ion less octahedral in [Ru(2)(2)](2+) than in [Ru(1)(2))(2+). Calculations indicate that the structural differences in these complexes influence their ligand field splittings as well as the relative stabilities of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((MLCT)-M-3) and metal-centered ((MC)-M-3) excited states. The large difference in measured excited-state lifetimes for the two homoleptic Ru-II complexes is attributed to a strong influence of steric interactions on the ligand field strength, which in turn affects the activation barriers for thermal conversion from (MLCT)-M-3 states to short-lived (MC)-M-3 states.

  • 17.
    Abrahamsson, Maria
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, För teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten gemensamma enheter, Accelerator mass spectrometry group. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry.
    Wolpher, Henriette
    Johansson, Olof
    Larsson, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry.
    Kritikos, Mikael
    Eriksson, Lars
    Norrby, Per-Ola
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry.
    Sun, Licheng
    Åkermark, Björn
    Hammarström, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry.
    A New Strategy for the Improvement of Photophysical Properties in Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Characterization of Six Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Bisterpyridine-Type Complexes2005In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 44, no 9, p. 3215-3225Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Abrikosov, Igor A.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Alling, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Steneteg, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hultberg, Lasse
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hellman, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu Mosyagin, Igor
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National Research, Technological University MISiS, Moscow, Russia.
    Lugovskoy, Andrey V.
    Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National Research, Technological University MISiS, Russia.
    Barannikova, Svetlana A.
    Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia; Department of Physics and Engineering, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
    Finite Temperature, Magnetic, and Many-Body Effects in Ab Initio Simulations of Alloy Thermodynamics2013In: TMS2013 Supplemental Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, p. 617-626Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ab initio electronic structure theory is known as a useful tool for prediction of materials properties. However, majority of simulations still deal with calculations in the framework of density functional theory with local or semi-local functionals carried out at zero temperature. We present new methodological solution.s, which go beyond this approach and explicitly take finite temperature, magnetic, and many-body effects into account. Considering Ti-based alloys, we discuss !imitations of the quasiharmonic approximation for the treatment of lattice vibrations, and present an accurate and easily extendable method to calculate free ,energies of strongly anharmonic solids. We underline the necessity to going beyond the state-of-the-art techniques for the determination of effective cluster interactions in systems exhibiting mctal-to-insulator transition, and describe a unified cluster expansion approach developed for this class of materials. Finally, we outline a first-principles method, disordered local moments molecular dynamics, for calculations of thermodynamic properties of magnetic alloys, like Cr1-x,.AlxN, in their high-temperature paramagnetic state. Our results unambiguously demonstrate importance of finite temperature effects in theoretical calculations ofthermodynamic properties ofmaterials.

  • 19. Acharya, Shravan S.
    et al.
    Easton, Christopher D.
    McCoy, Thomas M.
    Spiccia, Leone
    Ohlin, C. André
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
    Winther-Jensen, Bjorn
    Diverse composites of metal-complexes and PEDOT facilitated by metal-free vapour phase polymerization2017In: Reactive & functional polymers, ISSN 1381-5148, E-ISSN 1873-166X, Vol. 116, p. 101-106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract Oxidative polymerization for the manufacture of conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) has traditionally employed iron(III) salts. Demonstrated in this study is vapour phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedio- xythiophene using a metal-free oxidant, ammonium persulfate, leading to films with an estimated conductivity of 75 S/cm. Additionally, a route for embedding active transition metal complexes into these poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/-poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) films via vapour assisted complexation is outlined. Here, the vapour pressure of solid ligands around their melting temperatures was exploited to ensure complexation to metal ions added into the oxidant mixture prior to polymerization of PEDOT. Four composite systems are discussed, viz. PEDOT/PSS embedded with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)cobalt(III), tris(2,2-bipyridine)cobalt(II), tris(1,10- phenanthroline)cobalt(II) and tris(8-hyd-roxyquinolinato)aluminium(III). Using these composites, electrochemical reduction of nitrite to ammonia with a faradaic efficiency of 61% was reported.

  • 20. Acharya, Shravan
    et al.
    Winther-Jensen, Bjorn
    Spiccia, Leone
    Ohlin, André C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Rates of water exchange in 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of CoII and MnII2017In: Australian journal of chemistry (Print), ISSN 0004-9425, E-ISSN 1445-0038, Vol. 70, no 6, p. 751-754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rates and activation parameters of water exchange at pH 3.0 have been determined using variable temperature 17O NMR spectroscopy for four CoII complexes and one MnII complex: [Co(bpy)(H2O)4]2+, [Co(bpy)2 (H2O)2]2+, [Co(phen)-(H2O)4]2+, [Co(phen)2 (H2O)2]2+, and [Mn(bpy)(H2O)4]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Substitution of aquo ligands with 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridyl leads to an increase in the rate of exchange in the manganese complexes, from k298 (1.8 ± 0.1) × 107 s-1 for [Mn(H2O)6]2+ to (7.2 ± 0.3) × 107 s-1 for [Mn(phen)2 (H2O)2]2+, whereas the trends are more complex for the cobalt complexes. We have used the new data in conjunction with literature data for similar complexes to analyse the effect of M–OH2 distance and degree of substitution.

  • 21. Achenbach, Bastian
    et al.
    Svensson Grape, Erik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Wahiduzzaman, Mohammad
    Pappler, Sandra K.
    Meinhart, Marcel
    Siegel, Renée
    Maurin, Guillaume
    Senker, Jürgen
    Inge, A. Ken
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Stock, Norbert
    Porous Salts Containing Cationic Al24-Hydroxide-Acetate Clusters from Scalable, Green and Aqueous Synthesis Routes2023In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 62, no 29, article id e202218679Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The solution chemistry of aluminum is highly complex and various polyoxocations are known. Here we report on the facile synthesis of a cationic Al24 cluster that forms porous salts of composition [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]X4, denoted CAU-55-X, with X=Cl, Br, I, HSO4. Three-dimensional electron diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structures. Various robust and mild synthesis routes for the chloride salt [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]Cl4 in water were established resulting in high yields (>95 %, 215 g per batch) within minutes. Specific surface areas and H2O capacities with maximum values of up to 930 m2 g−1 and 430 mg g−1 are observed. The particle size of CAU-55-X can be tuned between 140 nm and 1250 nm, permitting its synthesis as stable dispersions or as highly crystalline powders. The positive surface charge of the particles, allow fast and effective adsorption of anionic dye molecules and adsorption of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). 

  • 22.
    Adediran, Gbotemi A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Liem-Nguyen, Van
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Song, Yu
    Schaefer, Jeffra K.
    Slcyllberg, Ulf
    Björn, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Microbial Biosynthesis of Thiol Compounds: Implications for Speciation, Cellular Uptake, and Methylation of Hg(II)2019In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 53, no 14, p. 8187-8196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellular uptake of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg(II)) is a key step in microbial formation of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg), but the mechanisms remain largely unidentified. We show that the iron reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens produces and exports appreciable amounts of low molecular mass thiol (LMM-RSH) compounds reaching concentrations of about 100 nM in the assay medium. These compounds largely control the chemical speciation and bioavailability of Hg(II) by the formation of Hg(LMM-RS)<INF><INF><INF>2</INF></INF> </INF>complexes (primarily with cysteine) in assays without added thiols. By characterizing these effects, we show that the thermodynamic stability of Hg(II)-complexes is a principal controlling factor for Hg(II) methylation by this bacterium such that less stable complexes with mixed ligation involving LMM-RSH, OH-, and Cl- are methylated at higher rates than the more stable Hg(LMM-RS)<INF>2</INF> complexes. The Hg(II) methylation rate across different Hg(LMM-RS)<INF>2</INF> compounds is also influenced by the chemical structure of the complexes. In contrast to the current perception of microbial uptake of Hg, our results adhere to generalized theories for metal biouptake based on metal complexation with cell surface ligands and refine the mechanistic understanding of Hg(II) availability for microbial methylation.

  • 23.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Future-competing battery chemistries for large-scale energy storage2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With net-zero emissions set to be achieved in the EU by 2050, the transition from fossil-based energy sources to more renewable and green options are ever expanding. This puts a strain on the electricity grids because of the intermittent nature from these energy sources. To mitigate this battery systems are used, of which the lithium-ion battery is the most prevalent, and expected to only increase in use. However, material resource concerns and possible danger of over-reliance on one technology has opened for a search to find other alternatives that could be used instead or in conjunction with the battery. Out of a long list of batteries, the nickel-hydrogen battery, zinc-bromide flow battery and iron-air battery are three alternatives that have been identified to have potential. Their suitability was researched and discussed for various grid-applications. The result show that out of the three, it is only believed that the nickel-hydrogen battery have a definitive competitiveness, that the zinc bromide flow battery has few things going for it, and that the iron-air battery has large potential but just as large uncertainty surrounding its future. Lastly, a specific off-shore wind park case was investigated to see the practicality and competitiveness of the nickel-hydrogen battery compared to a specific lithium-ion chemistry.

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  • 24.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    Stockholm University.
    Phase Stability and Preparations of Oxide-Apatite Composites1999Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the preparation of bioactive composites containing hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), and an oxide it has been a problem to prevent the hydroxyapatite from decomposing in the sintering process. This is because H2O is evolved when hydroxyapatite is heated, implying that the occupied OH- positions in hydroxyapatite structure are partly replaced by vacancies and O2- ions. The thermal stability of hydroxyapatite was found to depend on the fraction of vacancies and O2- ions present. The decomposition of the hydroxyapatite is initiated when a critical fraction of the OH- ions has been lost, and it is not specifically related to the temperature applied or atmosphere used. The decomposition temperature of hydroxyapatite and fluoride-containing apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)1-xFx, in the presence of alumina has been studied and found to increase with increasing x value in Ca5(PO4)3(OH)1-xFx. By combining this observation with thermogravimetric studies of hydroxyapatite and Ca5(PO4)3OH1-xFxsamples, it was concluded that the decomposition of hydroxyapatite in the presence of alumina can be described by the following reactions:

    Ca5(PO4)3(OH) --> Ca5(PO4)3(OH)1-xOx/2 + x/2 H20

    2 Ca5(PO4)3(OH)1-xOx/2+ Al2O3 --> 3 Ca3(PO4)2 + CaAl2O4 + (1-x) H2O

    With the use of a closed system for sintering the aluminañapatite composites, the loss of water can be reduced. The equilibrium in the first reaction will then be shifted to the left, and the second reaction will not occur. This implies that a higher sintering temperature can be used to densify an aluminañhydroxyapatite composite. Accordingly, composites of alumina and zirconia, respectively, with hydroxyapatite could be hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) in a closed system at 1200oC and at a pressure of 160 MPa without any detectable decomposition of the hydroxyapatite. Another way to avoid excess formation of vacancies is to replace some of the OH-ions with F-. This implies that the equilibrium in the first reaction given above is shifted to the left, thus improving the thermal stability of the apatite.

    The main result of this thesis work is a more detailed understanding of the reaction between the oxide and hydroxyapatite, which has made it possible to prepare densified oxide-hydroxyapatite composites without decomposition of the hydroxyapatite phase.

  • 25.
    Adranno, Brando
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Renier, Olivier
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Bousrez, Guillaume
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Paterlini, Veronica
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Baryshnikov, Glib
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Smetana, Volodymyr
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Tang, Shi
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    agren, Hans
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Metlen, Andreas
    Queens Univ Belfast, North Ireland.
    Edman, Ludvig
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Anja-Verena, Mudring
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden; Aarhus Univ, Denmark.
    Rogers, Robin D.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden; Queens Univ Belfast, North Ireland; Univ Alabama, AL 35487 USA.
    The 8-Hydroxyquinolinium Cation as a Lead Structure for Efficient Color-Tunable Ionic Small Molecule Emitting Materials2023In: ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, ISSN 2699-9293, Vol. 4, no 3, article id 2200279Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Albeit tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq(3)) and its derivatives are prominent emitter materials for organic lighting devices, and the optical transitions occur among ligand-centered states, the use of metal-free 8-hydroxyquinoline is impractical as it suffers from strong nonradiative quenching, mainly through fast proton transfer. Herein, it is shown that the problem of rapid proton exchange and vibration quenching of light emission can be overcome not only by complexation, but also by organization of the 8-hydroxyquinolinium cations into a solid rigid network with appropriate counter-anions (here bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). The resulting structure is stiffened by secondary bonding interactions such as pi-stacking and hydrogen bonds, which efficiently block rapid proton transfer quenching and reduce vibrational deactivation. Additionally, the optical properties are tuned through methyl substitution from deep blue (455 nm) to blue-green (488 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDFT) calculations reveal the emission to occur from which an unexpectedly long-lived S-1 level, unusual for organic fluorophores. All compounds show comparable, even superior photoluminescence compared to Alq(3) and related materials, both as solids and thin films with quantum yields (QYs) up to 40-50%. In addition, all compounds show appreciable thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 310 degrees C.

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  • 26.
    Adranno, Brando
    et al.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Renier, Olivier
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bousrez, Guillaume
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Paterlini, Veronica
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Baryshnikov, Glib V.
    Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
    Smetana, Volodymyr
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tang, Shi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Ågren, Hans
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Metlen, Andreas
    The QUILL Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK.
    Edman, Ludvig
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Anja-Verena, Mudring
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Intelligent Advanced Materials (iAM), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering and iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Rogers, Robin D.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; The QUILL Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, UK.
    The 8-hydroxyquinolinium cation as a lead structure for efficient color-tunable ionic small molecule emitting materials2023In: Advanced Photonics Research, ISSN 2699-9293, Vol. 4, no 3, article id 2200279Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Albeit tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) and its derivatives are prominent emitter materials for organic lighting devices, and the optical transitions occur among ligand-centered states, the use of metal-free 8-hydroxyquinoline is impractical as it suffers from strong nonradiative quenching, mainly through fast proton transfer. Herein, it is shown that the problem of rapid proton exchange and vibration quenching of light emission can be overcome not only by complexation, but also by organization of the 8-hydroxyquinolinium cations into a solid rigid network with appropriate counter-anions (here bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). The resulting structure is stiffened by secondary bonding interactions such as pi-stacking and hydrogen bonds, which efficiently block rapid proton transfer quenching and reduce vibrational deactivation. Additionally, the optical properties are tuned through methyl substitution from deep blue (455 nm) to blue-green (488 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDFT) calculations reveal the emission to occur from which an unexpectedly long-lived S-1 level, unusual for organic fluorophores. All compounds show comparable, even superior photoluminescence compared to Alq3 and related materials, both as solids and thin films with quantum yields (QYs) up to 40-50%. In addition, all compounds show appreciable thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 310 °C.

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  • 27.
    Afroze, Shammya
    et al.
    Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Integrated Technol, Jalan Tungku Link, BE-1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei; Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Yilmaz, Duygu
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Reza, Md Sumon
    Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Integrated Technol, Jalan Tungku Link, BE-1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
    Henry, Paul F.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Facil, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
    Cheok, Quentin
    Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Integrated Technol, Jalan Tungku Link, BE-1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
    Zaini, Juliana H.
    Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Integrated Technol, Jalan Tungku Link, BE-1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
    Azad, Abul K.
    Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Integrated Technol, Jalan Tungku Link, BE-1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
    Issakhov, Alibek
    Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Dept Math & Comp Modelling, Fac Mech & Math, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan.
    Sadeghzadeh, Milad
    Univ Tehran, Dept Renewable Energy & Environm Engn, Tehran, Iran.
    Investigation of Structural and Thermal Evolution in Novel Layered Perovskite NdSrMn2O5+δ via Neutron Powder Diffraction and Thermogravimetric Analysis2020In: International Journal of Chemical Engineering, ISSN 1687-806X, E-ISSN 1687-8078, Vol. 2020, article id 6642187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutron diffraction is one of the best methods for structural analysis of a complex, layered perovskite material with low symmetry by accurately detecting the oxygen positions through octahedral tilting. In this research, the crystal structure of NdSrMn2O5+δ was identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at room temperature (RT), which indicated the formation of a layered structure in orthorhombic symmetry in the Pmmm (no. 47) space group. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data has confirmed the orthorhombic symmetry with unit cell parameters (a = 3.8367 (1) Å, b = 3.8643 (2) Å, and c = 7.7126 (1) Å), atomic positions, and oxygen occupancy. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the total weight loss of about 0.10% for 20–950°C temperature, which occurred mainly to create oxygen vacancies at high temperatures. Rietveld analyses concurred with the XRD and neutron data allowing correlation of occupancy factors of the oxygen sites.

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  • 28.
    Afzal, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Wang, Baoyuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Xia, Chen
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhang, Wei
    He, Yunjuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Jayasuriya, Jeevan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhu, Binzhu
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Fabrication of novel electrolyte-layer free fuel cell with semi-ionic conductor (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta- Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) and Schottky barrier2016In: Journal of Power Sources, ISSN 0378-7753, E-ISSN 1873-2755, Vol. 328, p. 136-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) is synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation technique for a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) (300-600 degrees C) and electrolyte-layer free fuel cell (EFFC) in a comprehensive study. The EFFC with a homogeneous mixture of samarium doped ceria (SDC): BSCF (60%:40% by weight) which is rather similar to the cathode (SDC: BSCF in 50%:50% by weight) used for a three layer SOFC demonstrates peak power densities up to 655 mW/cm(2), while a three layer (anode/ electrolyte/cathode) SOFC has reached only 425 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C. Chemical phase, crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of 3-layer SOFC and EFFC are studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As-prepared BSCF has exhibited a maximum conductivity above 300 S/cm at 550 degrees C. High performance of the EFFC device corresponds to a balanced combination between ionic and electronic (holes) conduction characteristic. The Schottky barrier prevents the EFFC from the electronic short circuiting problem which also enhances power output. The results provide a new way to produce highly effective cathode materials for LTSOFC and semiconductor designs for EFFC functions using a semiconducting-ionic material.

  • 29. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Bidirectional non-​innocence of the β-​diketonato ligand 9-​oxidophenalenone (L-​) in [Ru([9]​aneS3)​(L)​(dmso)​]​n, [9]​aneS3 = 1,​4,​7-​trithiacyclononane2014In: Dalton Transactions, ISSN 1477-9226, E-ISSN 1477-9234, Vol. 43, p. 3939-3948Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The new compound [RuII([9]aneS3)(L)(dmso)]ClO4 ([1]ClO4) ([9]aneS3 = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane, HL =9-hydroxyphenalenone, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide) has been structurally characterised to reveal almostequal C–O bond distances of coordinated L−, suggesting a delocalised bonding situation of the β-diketonatoligand. The dmso ligand is coordinated via the sulfur atom in the native (1+) and reduced states(1 and 1−) as has been revealed by X-ray crystallography and by DFT calculations. Cyclic voltammetry of1+ exhibits two close-lying one-electron oxidation waves at 0.77 V and 0.94 V, and two similarly closeone-electron reduction processes at −1.43 V and −1.56 V versus SCE in CH2Cl2. The electronic structuresof 1n in the accessible redox states have been analysed via experiments (EPR and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry)and by DFT/TD-DFT calculations, revealing the potential for bidirectional non-innocent behaviourof coordinated L•/−/•2−. Specifically, the studies establish significant involvement of L basedfrontier orbitals in both the oxidation and reduction processes: [([9]aneS3)(dmso)RuIII–L•]3+ (13+) ⇌ [([9]-aneS3)(dmso)RuIII–L−]2+/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)RuII–L•]2+ (12+) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)RuII–L−]+ (1+) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)-(dmso)RuII–L•2−] (1) ⇌ [([9]aneS3)(dmso)RuII–L3−]−/[([9]aneS3)(dmso)RuI–L•2−]− (1−).

  • 30. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Correspondence of RuIIIRuII and RuIVRuIII Mixed Valent States in a SmallDinuclear Complex2012In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 18, p. 5667-5675Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dirutheniumACHTUNGTRENUNG(III) compound[(m-oxa){RuACHTUNGTRENUNG(acac)2}2] [1, oxa2=oxamidato(2), acac=2,4-pentanedionato]exhibits an S=1 ground statewith antiferromagnetic spin-spin coupling(J=40 cm1). The molecularstructure in the crystal of 1·2C7H8 revealedan intramolecular metal–metaldistance of 5.433 and a notableasymmetry within the bridging ligand.Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry(EPR, UV/Vis/NIR) of thetwo-step reduction and of the two-stepoxidation (irreversible second step)produced monocation and monoanionintermediates (Kc=105.9) with broadNIR absorption bands (e ca.2000m1cm1) and maxima at 1800 (1)and 1500 nm (1+). TD-DFT calculationssupport a RuIIIRuII formulationfor 1 with a doublet ground state. The1+ ion (RuIVRuIII) was calculated withan S=3/2 ground state and the doubletstate higher in energy (DE=694.6 cm1). The Mulliken spin densitycalculations showed little participationof the ligand bridge in the spin accommodationfor all paramagnetic species[(m-oxa){RuACHTUNGTRENUNG(acac)2}2]n, n=+1, 0, 1,and, accordingly, the NIR absorptionswere identified as metal-to-metal (intervalence)charge transfers. Whereasonly one such NIR band was observedfor the RuIIIRuII (4d5/4d6) system 1,the RuIVRuIII (4d4/4d5) form 1+ exhibitedextended absorbance over the UV/Vis/NIR range.

  • 31. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Electronic structure and catalytic aspects of [Ru(tpm)​(bqdi)​(Cl​/H2O)​]​n, tpm = tris(1-​pyrazolyl)​methane and bqdi = o-​benzoquinonediimine2013In: Dalton Transactions, ISSN 1477-9226, E-ISSN 1477-9234, Vol. 42, p. 3721-3734Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The diamagnetic complexes [Ru(tpm)(bqdi)(Cl)]ClO4 ([1]ClO4) (tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane, bqdi =o-benzoquinonediimine) and [Ru(tpm)(bqdi)(H2O)](ClO4)2 ([2](ClO4)2) have been synthesized. Thevalence state-sensitive bond distances of coordinated bqdi [C–N: 1.311(5)/1.322(5) Å in [1]ClO4;1.316(7)/1.314(7) Å in molecule A and 1.315(6)/1.299(7) Å in molecule B of [2](ClO4)2] imply its fullyoxidised quinonediimine (bqdi0) character. DFT calculations of 1+ confirm the {RuII–bqdi0} versus the antiferromagneticallycoupled {RuIII–bqdi˙−} alternative. The 1H NMR spectra of [1]ClO4 in different solventsshow variations in chemical shift positions of the NH (bqdi) and CH (tpm) proton resonances due to theirdifferent degrees of acidity in different solvents. In CH3CN/0.1 mol dm−3 Et4NClO4, [1]ClO4 undergoesone reversible RuII ⇌ RuIII oxidation and two reductions, the reversible first electron uptake being bqdibased (bqdi0/bqdi˙−). The electrogenerated paramagnetic species {RuIII–bqdi0}(12+) and {RuII–Q˙−}(1)exhibit RuIII-type (12+: <g> = 2.211/Δg = 0.580) and radical-type (1: g = 1.988) EPR signals, respectively, asis confirmed by calculated spin densities (Ru: 0.767 in 12+, bqdi: 0.857 in 1). The aqua complex [2](ClO4)2exhibits two one-electron oxidations at pH = 7, suggesting the formation of {RuIVvO} species. The electronicspectral features of 1n (n = charge associated with the different redox states of the chloro complex:2+, 1+, 0) in CH3CN and of 22+ in H2O have been interpreted based on the TD-DFT calculations. The applicationpotential of the aqua complex 22+ as a pre-catalyst towards the epoxidation of olefins has beenexplored in the presence of the sacrificial oxidant PhI(OAc)2 in CH2Cl2 at 298 K, showing the desiredselectivity with a wide variety of alkenes. DFT calculations based on styrene as the model substratepredict that the epoxidation reaction proceeds through a concerted transition state pathway.IntroductionThe well recognized mixing of ruthenium dπ orbitals andπ orbitals of redox non-innocent quinonoid moieties introducesseveral manifestations with respect to the valence distributionat the metal–quinonoid interface, as depicted in Scheme 1.1This makes the electronic structure of such complexes sensitiveto the molecular frameworks, and in many occasions theexperimental results

  • 32. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Electronic structures and selective fluoride sensingfeatures of Os(bpy)2(HL2−) and [{Os(bpy)2}2(μ-HL2−)]2+(H3L: 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid)2014In: Dalton Transactions, ISSN 1477-9226, E-ISSN 1477-9234, Vol. 43, p. 13932-13947Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article deals with the newly designed mononuclear and asymmetric dinuclear osmium(II) complexesOsII(bpy)2(HL2−) (1) and [(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL2−)OsII(bpy)2](Cl)2 ([2](Cl)2)/[(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL2−)OsII(bpy)2](ClO4)2([2](ClO4)2), respectively, (H3L = 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid and bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine). The identity of 1 has been established by its single crystal X-ray structure. The ligand (HL2−)-basedprimary oxidation process (E°298, 0.23 V versus SCE) along with the partial metal contribution (∼20%) in 1 hasbeen revealed by the ligand-dominated HOMO of 1 (HL2−: 88%, Os: 8%), as well as by the Mulliken spindensity distribution of 1+ (HL2−: 0.878, Os: 0.220). Accordingly, 1+ exhibits a free radical type EPR at 77 K witha partial metal-based anisotropic feature (g1 = 2.127, g2 = 2.096, g3 = 2.046; <g> = 2.089; Δg = 0.08).1H-NMR of the dinuclear 22+ in CDCl3 suggests an intimate mixture of two diastereomeric forms in a 1 : 1ratio. The DFT-supported predominantly Os(II)/Os(III)-based couples of asymmetric 22+ at 0.24 V and 0.50 Vversus SCE result in a comproportionation constant (Kc) value of 8.2 × 104. The class I mixed valent state of23+ (S = 1/2) has, however, been corroborated by the Mulliken spin density distribution of Os1: 0.887, Os2:0.005, HL2−: 0.117, as well as by the absence of a low-energy IVCT (intervalence charge transfer) band in thenear-IR region (up to 2000 nm). The appreciable spin accumulation on the bridge in 23+ or 24+ (S = 1, Os1:0.915, Os2: 0.811 and HL2−: 0.275) implies a mixed electronic structural form of [(bpy)2OsIII(μ-HL2−)-OsII(bpy)2]3+(major)/[(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL•−)OsII(bpy)2]3+(minor) or [(bpy)2OsIII(μ-HL2−)OsIII(bpy)2]4+(major)/[(bpy)2-OsIII(μ-HL•−)OsII(bpy)2]4+ (minor), respectively. The mixed valent {OsIII(μ-HL2−)OsII} state in 23+, however, fails toshow EPR at 77 K due to the rapid spin relaxation process. The DFT-supported bpy-based two reductions forboth 1+ and 22+ appear in the potential range of −1.5 V to −1.8 V versus SCE. The electronic transitions in 1nand 2n are assigned by the TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore, the potential anion sensing features of 1 and22+ via the involvement of the available N–H proton in the framework of coordinated HL2− have been evaluatedby different experimental investigations, in conjunction with the DFT calculations, using a wide variety ofanions such as F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, OAc−, SCN−, HSO4− and H2PO4−. This, however, establishes that both 1 and 22+are equally efficient in recognising the F− ion selectively, with log K values of 6.83 and 5.89, respectively.

  • 33. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Four-Center Oxidation State Combinations and Near-Infrared Absorption in[Ru(pap)(Q)2]n (Q=3,5-Di-tert-butyl-N-aryl-1,2-benzoquinonemonoimine,pap=2-Phenylazopyridine)2013In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 19, p. 7384-7394Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Probing valence and spin situations in selective ruthenium–iminoquinonoidframeworks. An experimental and DFT analysis2011In: Inorganica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0020-1693, E-ISSN 1873-3255, Vol. 374, p. 216-225Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ruthenium–iminoquinone complexes, [Ru(tpm)(Cl)(Q)]+ [tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane, Q = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-N-aryl-1,2-benzoquinonemonoimine, where aryl = C6H5, [1]+; m-(OCH3)2C6H3, [2]+;m-(Cl)2C6H3, [3]+] have been synthesized. The sensitive bond distances of ‘‘Q’’ in [1](ClO4) and[2](ClO4), C–O: 1.294(8), 1.281(2) Å; C–N: 1.352(8), 1.335(2) Å; and C–C(meta): 1.366(10)/1.367(9) Å,1.364(2)/1.353(2) Å, respectively, and other analytical as well as theoretical (DFT) events suggest thevalence configuration of [RuIII(tpm)(Cl)(QSq)]+ for [1]+–[3]+. The paramagnetic [1]+–[3]+ show sharp1H NMR spectra with strikingly small J of 1.8–3.0 Hz. The DFT calculations on [1]+ predict that the triplet(S = 1) state exists above (1004 cm1) the singlet (S = 0) ground state. [1]+ exhibits l = 2.2 BM at 300 Kwhich diminishes to 0.3 BM near 2 K due to the steady decrease in the ratio of triplet to singlet populationwith the lowering of temperature. [1]+–[3]+ exhibit one oxidation and two successive reductions each inCH3CN. Experimental and DFT analyses collectively establish the valence configurations at thenon-innocent {Ru–Q} interface along the redox chain as [(tpm)(Cl)RuIII(QQo)]2+ ([1]2+–[3]2+)?[(tpm)(Cl)RuIII(QSq)]+ ([1]+–[3]+)?[(tpm)(Cl)RuII(QSq)]M[(tpm)(Cl)RuIII(QCat)] (1–3)?[(tpm)(Cl)-RuII(QCat)] ([1]–[3]). The spectral features of [1]n–[3]n (n = +2, +1, 0) have been addressed based onthe TD-DFT calculations on [1]n.

  • 35. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Sensitivity of a Strained C−C Single Bond to Charge Transfer: RedoxActivity in Mononuclear and Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes ofBis(arylimino)acenaphthene (BIAN) Ligands2014In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 53, p. 7389-7403Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The new compounds [Ru(acac)2(BIAN)], BIAN = bis(arylimino)-acenaphthene (aryl = Ph (1a), 4-MeC6H4 (2a), 4-OMeC6H4 (3a), 4-ClC6H4 (4a), 4-NO2C6H4 (5a)), were synthesized and structurally, electrochemically, spectroscopically,and computationally characterized. The α-diimine sections of the compoundsexhibit intrachelate ring bond lengths 1.304 Å < d(CN) < 1.334 and 1.425 Å < d(CC)< 1.449 Å, which indicate considerable metal-to-ligand charge transfer in the groundstate, approaching a RuIII(BIAN•−) oxidation state formulation. The particularstructural sensitivity of the strained peri-connecting C−C bond in the BIAN ligandstoward metal-to-ligand charge transfer is discussed. Oxidation of [Ru(acac)2(BIAN)]produces electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV−vis−NIR (NIR = near infrared) spectroelectrochemically detectableRuIII species, while the reduction yields predominantly BIAN-based spin, in agreement with density functional theory (DFT)spin-density calculations. Variation of the substituents from CH3 to NO2 has little effect on the spin distribution but affects theabsorption spectra. The dinuclear compounds {(μ-tppz)[Ru(Cl)(BIAN)]2}(ClO4)2, tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine;aryl (BIAN) = Ph ([1b](ClO4)2), 4-MeC6H4 ([2b](ClO4)2), 4-OMeC6H4 ([3b](ClO4)2), 4-ClC6H4 ([4b](ClO4)2), were alsoobtained and investigated. The structure determination of [2b](ClO4)2 and [3b](ClO4)2 reveals trans configuration of thechloride ligands and unreduced BIAN ligands. The DFT and spectroelectrochemical results (UV−vis−NIR, EPR) indicateoxidation to a weakly coupled RuIIIRuII mixed-valent species but reduction to a tppz-centered radical state. The effect of the πelectron-accepting BIAN ancillary ligands is to diminish the metal−metal interaction due to competition with the acceptor bridgetppz.

  • 36. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Sensitivity of the Valence Structure in Diruthenium Complexes As aFunction of Terminal and Bridging Ligands2014In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 53, p. 6082-6093Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The compounds [(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L2−)RuIII(acac)2] (rac, 1, and meso, 1′) and[(bpy)2RuII(μ-H2L•−)RuII(bpy)2](ClO4)3 (meso, [2](ClO4)3) have been structurally, magnetically,spectroelectrochemically, and computationally characterized (acac− = acetylacetonate, bpy= 2,2′-bipyridine, and H4L = 1,4-diamino-9,10-anthraquinone). The N,O;N′,O′-coordinated μ-H2Ln− forms two β-ketiminato-type chelate rings, and 1 or 1′ are connected via NH···Ohydrogen bridges in the crystals. 1 exhibits a complex magnetic behavior, while [2](ClO4)3 is aradical species with mixed ligand/metal-based spin. The combination of redox noninnocentbridge (H2L0 → → → →H2L4−) and {(acac)2RuII} → →{(acac)2RuIV} or {(bpy)2RuII} →{(bpy)2RuIII} in 1/1′ or 2 generates alternatives regarding the oxidation state formulations for the accessible redox states (1n and2n), which have been assessed by UV−vis−NIR, EPR, and DFT/TD-DFT calculations. The experimental and theoretical studiessuggest variable mixing of the frontier orbitals of the metals and the bridge, leading to the following most appropriate oxidationstate combinations: [(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L•−)RuIII(acac)2]+ (1+) → [(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L2−)RuIII(acac)2] (1) → [(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L•3−)RuIII(acac)2]−/[(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L2−)RuII(acac)2]− (1−) → [(acac)2RuIII(μ-H2L4−)RuIII(acac)2]2−/[(acac)2RuII(μ-H2L2−)RuII(acac)2]2− (12−) and [(bpy)2RuIII(μ-H2L•−)RuII(bpy)2]4+ (24+) → [(bpy)2RuII(μ-H2L•−)RuII(bpy)2]3+/[(bpy)2RuII(μ-H2L2−)RuIII(bpy)2]3+ (23+) → [(bpy)2RuII(μ-H2L2−)RuII(bpy)2]2+ (22+). The favoring of RuIII by σ-donatingacac− and of RuII by the π-accepting bpy coligands shifts the conceivable valence alternatives accordingly. Similarly, theintroduction of the NH donor function in H2Ln as compared to O causes a cathodic shift of redox potentials with correspondingconsequences for the valence structure.

  • 37. Agarwala, Hemlata
    Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Structures, and Oxidation StateDistributions in [(corrolato)FeIII(NO)]n (n = 0, +1, −1) Complexes2014In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 53, p. 1417-1429Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two novel trans-A2B-corroles and three[(corrolato){FeNO}6] complexes have been prepared andcharacterized by various spectroscopic techniques. In thenative state, all these [(corrolato){FeNO}6] species arediamagnetic and display “normal” chemical shifts in the 1HNMR spectra. For two of the structurally characterized[(corrolato){FeNO}6] derivatives, the Fe−N−O bond anglesare 175.0(4)° and 171.70(3)° (DFT: 179.94°), respectively,and are designated as linear nitrosyls. The Fe−N (NO) bonddistances are 1.656(4) Å and 1.650(3) Å (DFT: 1.597 Å),which point toward a significant FeIII → NO back bonding.The NO bond lengths are 1.159(5) Å and 1.162(3) Å (DFT:1.162 Å) and depict their elongated character. These structural data are typical for low-spin Fe(III). Electrochemicalmeasurements show the presence of a one-electron oxidation and a one-electron reduction process for all the complexes. Theone-electron oxidized species of a representative [(corrolato){FeNO}6] complex exhibits ligand to ligand charge transfer(LLCT) transitions (cor(π) → cor(π*)) at 399 and 637 nm, and the one-electron reduced species shows metal to ligand chargetransfer (MLCT) transition (Fe(dπ) → cor(π*)) in the UV region at 330 nm. The shift of the νNO stretching frequency of arepresentative [(corrolato){FeNO}6] complex on one-electron oxidation occurs from 1782 cm−1 to 1820 cm−1, whichcorresponds to 38 cm−1, and on one-electron reduction occurs from 1782 cm−1 to 1605 cm−1, which corresponds to 177 cm−1.The X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of one-electron oxidation at 295 K in CH2Cl2/0.1 M Bu4NPF6displays an isotropic signal centered at g = 2.005 with a peak-to-peak separation of about 15 G. The in situ generated oneelectronreduced species in CH2Cl2/0.1 M Bu4NPF6 at 295 K shows an isotropic signal centered at g = 2.029. The 99%contribution of corrole to the HOMO of native species indicates that oxidation occurs from the corrole moiety. The results of theelectrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements and density functional theory calculations clearly display a preferenceof the {FeNO}6 unit to get reduced during the reduction step and the corrolato unit to get oxidized during the anodic process.Comparisons are presented with the structural, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical data of related compounds reportedin the literature, with a particular focus on the interpretation of the EPR spectrum of the one-electron oxidized form.

  • 38.
    Aguilar-Mamani, Wilson
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Chemical Engineering.
    Crystallization of NBA-ZSM-5 from kaolin2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    ZSM-5 is an aluminosilicate zeolite with high Si/Al ratio with suitable properties for catalysis, ion exchange, adsorption and membrane applications. The main goal of this thesis was to study the growth of ZSM-5 zeolite crystals from inexpensive natural sources of silica and alumina, as well as n-butylamine (NBA) as a low-cost structure directing agent.

    The first objective of this work was to develop pathways to synthesize ZSM-5 crystals from kaolin clay or diatomaceous earth, two inexpensive natural sources of silica and alumina (Paper I). In the case of kaolin, a heat treatment was used in order to form amorphous metakaolinite. Subsequently, dealumination of the raw materials by acid leaching made it possible to reach appropriate Si/Al ratios and to reduce the amount of impurities. Finally, leached metakaolinite or diatomaceous earth was reacted with sodium hydroxide and NBA. After synthesis optimization, both sources of aluminosilicates were found to behave differently during the course of synthesis and to lead to slightly different reaction products. The final products exhibited Si/Al ratios in the range 10-20. The use of leached diatomaceous earth allowed to reach higher yield of ZSM-5 crystals within comparable synthesis times. However, low amounts of mordenite were inevitably formed as a by-product, which was related to the high calcium content of diatomaceous earth. Therefore, the rest of the thesis focused on the kaolin system.

    In order to study the growth mechanism of ZSM-5 from leached metakaolinite, a proper methodology to gain local compositional data by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) on aluminosilicates was developed (Paper II). Zeolite A was used as a model system that could be ion-exchanged with various elements. In order to evaluate the reliability of the measurements, inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and EDS were compared. The EDS method developed in this work resulted in molar ratios very close to theoretical values and was therefore found more reliable than ICP-SFMS. Therefore, the method developed for zeolite A was applied in the rest of the thesis work to study the formation and growth of ZSM-5 crystals.

    The second part of this work focused on the kaolin system in order to understand the nucleation and growth processes of the ZSM-5 crystals. This system was heterogeneous, due to the formation of a gel upon heating of the synthesis mixture. First, the internal structure of the gel was investigated (Paper III). Second, a kinetic study was performed and compared with microstructural observations (Paper IV). Finally, the mechanisms leading to Al-zoning and dendritical growth of the zeolite crystals were investigated (Paper V). The characterization of the intermediate phases during the different stages of the hydrothermal synthesis were analyzed by different analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), extreme high resolution-scanning electron microscopy (XHR-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen gas adsorption.

    These investigations led to several important conclusions: 1) The walls of the gel were shown for the first time to be inhomogeneous and to possess a biphasic internal structure consisting of a mesoporous skeleton of aluminosilicate nanoparticles embedded in a silicate-rich soluble matrix of soft matter. 2) The kinetic study and microstructural evidences indicated that the early crystals were fully embedded inside the gel phase and that crystal growth was retarded, as the formation of the gel occurred simultaneously with the early growth of the crystals. Hence, nucleation and growth appeared to be solution mediated.  3) Finally, the Al zoning of the crystals was related to the biphasic internal structure of the gel, since the silicate-rich matrix was preferentially consumed first. 4) The dendrites present at the surface of the crystals during most of the growth process were shown to be caused by the presence of a web of nanoparticles, most likely originating from the mesoporous skeleton inside the gel.

    In the future, these findings are expected to lead to optimized synthesis pathways of catalysts with homogeneous properties and to contribute to the development of poor regions in Bolivia.

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  • 39.
    Ahlquist, Mårten
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Gustafsson, Mikaela
    Karlsson, Magnus
    Thaning, Mikkel
    Axelsson, Oskar
    Wendt, Ola F.
    Rhodium(I) hydrogenation in water: Kinetic studies and the detection of an intermediate using C-13{H-1} PHIPNMR spectroscopy2007In: Inorganica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0020-1693, E-ISSN 1873-3255, Vol. 360, no 5, p. 1621-1627Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanism for hydrogenation of dimethylmaleate in water using cationic rhodium complexes with water-soluble bi-dentate phosphines has been investigated using kinetics and a novel method for the indirect detection of intermediates in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, whereby a late intermediate was detected. A mechanism is proposed involving fast, irreversible substrate binding followed by a rate-determining reaction with dihydrogen.

  • 40.
    Ahlén, Niklas
    Stockholm University.
    Carbothermal synthesis of transition metal carbide and carbonitride whiskers via a Vapour-Liquid-Solid (VLS) growth mechanism1999Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A route for the synthesis of TiC, TiCyN1-y, TaxTi1-xC and TaxTi1-xCyN1-y whiskers via a carbothermal Vapour-Liquid-Solid (VLS) growth mechanism, yielding 70-90 vol.% whiskers, has been established. The whiskers were uniform in diameter (0.3-0.6mm), and had a length of about 10-30mm. The starting materials consisted of TiO2 and/or Ta2O5, C, a catalyst metal (Ni or Fe) and NaCl. Carbon was added to reduce the oxides, and NaCl to provide chlorine in the formation of TiClx(g) and TaOxCly(g) species. The overall chemical reaction is a straightforward carbothermal reduction process. The optimum synthesis temperature was found to be 1250°C for TiCyN1-y, TaxTi1-xC and TaxTi1-xCyN1-y whisker, and 1400°C for TiC. The growth direction of the whiskers was found to be <100> for TaC and TaxTi1-xC and either <100> or <111> for TiC. Nitridation of TiC whiskers yielded TiCyN1-y whiskers with morphology and chemical composition different from those obtained by the carbothermal VLS growth mechanism. From oxidation studies it was found that TiC had the lowest oxidation resistance (onset temperature Ton=390°C) and that TaC had the highest (Ton=550°C). The oxidation onset temperature was found to increase with increasing x-value for both TaxTi1-xC and TaxTi1-xCyN1-y whiskers. Microscopy studies (SEM and TEM) showed that whiskers with a native diameter exceeding 0.3 mm split into two halves along their length when oxidised. It was found that the TiO2 particle size of oxidised TaxTi1-xC whiskers are markedly smaller than that obtained from oxidation of TiC whiskers, whereas the Ta2O5 particle size was the same as that observed for oxidised TaC whiskers.

  • 41.
    Ahmed, Taha
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Nanostructured ZnO and metal chalcogenide films for solar photocatalysis2023Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing demand for clean energy and safe water resources has driven the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Among these technologies, photocatalysis using semiconducting materials has emerged as a promising solution for both solar hydrogen generation and water purification. Low-dimensional ZnO, including nanorods, nanoparticles, and quantum confined particles (so called quantum dots), has demonstrated excellent photocatalytic properties due to their large surface area, high electron mobility, and tunable band gap.

    The work in this thesis aims to investigate the potential of low-dimensional ZnO alone and in combination with CdS and Fe2O3 for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification. The thesis includes a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of low-dimensional ZnO-based photocatalyst systems for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification. Additionally, the thesis will evaluate the performance of the ZnO-based photocatalysts under different experimental conditions, either as photoelectrodes or as distributed particle systems for water purification. The work includes detailed size control of ZnO by itself in dimensions below 10 nm using a hydrothermal method, to provide an increased total surface area and introduce quantum confinement effects that increase the band gap to enable degradation of chemical bonds in a model pollutant in a distributed system for water purification. The work also includes a relatively detailed study of the phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling as a function of dimension from 10 nm to 150 nm for ZnO using non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopy. Ultimately, the thesis aims to provide insight into the potential of low-dimensional ZnO alone and in combination with other inorganic materials for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification and pave the way for the development of efficient and sustainable technologies for clean energy and safe water resources.

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  • 42.
    Ahmed, Taha
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Fondell, Mattis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.
    Younesi, Reza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Donzel-Gargand, Olivier
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Solar Cell Technology.
    Boman, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.
    Zhu, Jiefang
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Preparation and characterisation of ZnO/Fe2O3 core–shell nanorodsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    ZnO is a widely used semiconductor photocatalyst. However, the bandgap of ZnO is too large to utilise visible light or solar energy. Therefore, ZnO can couple with a narrow band gap semiconductor that is a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. ZnO can help with charge seperation through attracting electrons or holes from the other semiconductor. In this work, ZnO nanorods were electrodeposited on FTO glass, and then coated with ultrathin layer of Fe2O3 via ALD.

    SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopies were used to characterise the prepared samples. Raman shows that ALD-coated Fe2O3 is hematite (α-Fe2O3). The prepared ZnO/Fe2O3 shows photocatalytic activity of EBT degradation under visible light illumination. The synthetic strategy can also beextended to prepare other heterostructured photocatalysts.

  • 43.
    Ahvenniemi, Esko
    et al.
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Akbashev, Andrew R.
    Stanford University, CA 94305 USA.
    Ali, Saima
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Bechelany, Mikhael
    University of Montpellier, France.
    Berdova, Maria
    University of Twente, Netherlands.
    Boyadjiev, Stefan
    Bulgarian Academic Science, Bulgaria.
    Cameron, David C.
    Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
    Chen, Rong
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Peoples R China.
    Chubarov, Mikhail
    University of Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Cremers, Veronique
    University of Ghent, Belgium.
    Devi, Anjana
    Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany.
    Drozd, Viktor
    St Petersburg State University, Russia.
    Elnikova, Liliya
    Institute Theoret and Expt Phys, Russia.
    Gottardi, Gloria
    Fdn Bruno Kessler, Italy.
    Grigoras, Kestutis
    VTT Technical Research Centre Finland, Finland.
    Hausmann, Dennis M.
    Lam Research Corp, OR 97062 USA.
    Seong Hwang, Cheol
    Seoul National University, South Korea; Seoul National University, South Korea.
    Jen, Shih-Hui
    Globalfoundries, NY 12203 USA.
    Kallio, Tanja
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Kanervo, Jaana
    Aalto University, Finland; Abo Akad University, Finland.
    Khmelnitskiy, Ivan
    St Petersburg Electrotech University of LETI, Russia.
    Han Kim, Do
    MIT, MA 02139 USA.
    Klibanov, Lev
    Techinsights, Canada.
    Koshtyal, Yury
    Ioffe Institute, Russia.
    Krause, A. Outi I.
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Kuhs, Jakob
    University of Ghent, Belgium.
    Kaerkkaenen, Irina
    Sentech Instruments GmbH, Germany.
    Kaariainen, Marja-Leena
    NovaldMedical Ltd Oy, Finland.
    Kaariainen, Tommi
    NovaldMedical Ltd Oy, Finland; University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Lamagna, Luca
    STMicroelectronics, Italy.
    Lapicki, Adam A.
    Seagate Technology Ireland, North Ireland.
    Leskela, Markku
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Lipsanen, Harri
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Lyytinen, Jussi
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Malkov, Anatoly
    Technical University, Russia.
    Malygin, Anatoly
    Technical University, Russia.
    Mennad, Abdelkader
    CDER, Algeria.
    Militzer, Christian
    Technical University of Chemnitz, Germany.
    Molarius, Jyrki
    Summa Semicond Oy, Finland.
    Norek, Malgorzata
    Mil University of Technology, Poland.
    Ozgit-Akgun, Cagla
    ASELSAN Inc, Turkey.
    Panov, Mikhail
    St Petersburg Electrotech University of LETI, Russia.
    Pedersen, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Piallat, Fabien
    KOBUS, France.
    Popov, Georgi
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Puurunen, Riikka L.
    VTT Technical Research Centre Finland, Finland.
    Rampelberg, Geert
    University of Ghent, Belgium.
    Ras, Robin H. A.
    Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
    Rauwel, Erwan
    Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
    Roozeboom, Fred
    Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands; TNO, Netherlands.
    Sajavaara, Timo
    University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
    Salami, Hossein
    University of Maryland, MD 20742 USA.
    Savin, Hele
    Aalto University, Finland.
    Schneider, Nathanaelle
    IRDEP CNRS, France; IPVF, France.
    Seidel, Thomas E.
    Seitek50, FL 32135 USA.
    Sundqvist, Jonas
    Fraunhofer Institute Ceram Technology and Syst IKTS, Germany.
    Suyatin, Dmitry B.
    Lund University, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Torndahl, Tobias
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    van Ommen, J. Ruud
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Wiemer, Claudia
    CNR, Italy.
    Ylivaara, Oili M. E.
    VTT Technical Research Centre Finland, Finland.
    Yurkevich, Oksana
    Immanuel Kant Balt Federal University, Russia.
    Recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition-Outcome of the "Virtual Project on the History of ALD"2017In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, ISSN 0734-2101, E-ISSN 1520-8559, Vol. 35, no 1, article id 010801Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name "molecular layering" (and sometimes other names) has remained much less known. The virtual project on the history of ALD (VPHA) is a volunteer-based effort with open participation, set up to make the early days of ALD more transparent. In VPHA, started in July 2013, the target is to list, read and comment on all early ALD academic and patent literature up to 1986. VPHA has resulted in two essays and several presentations at international conferences. This paper, based on a poster presentation at the 16th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition in Dublin, Ireland, 2016, presents a recommended reading list of early ALD publications, created collectively by the VPHA participants through voting. The list contains 22 publications from Finland, Japan, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States. Up to now, a balanced overview regarding the early history of ALD has been missing; the current list is an attempt to remedy this deficiency. (C) 2016 Author(s).

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  • 44.
    Ail, Ujwala
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jafari, Mohammad Javad
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Hui
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ederth, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors2016In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 26, no 34, p. 6288-6296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The thermoelectric (TE) phenomena are intensively explored by the scientific community due to the rather inefficient way energy resources are used with a large fraction of energy wasted in the form of heat. Among various materials, mixed ion-electron conductors (MIEC) are recently being explored as potential thermoelectrics, primarily due to their low thermal conductivity. The combination of electronic and ionic charge carriers in those inorganic or organic materials leads to complex evolution of the thermovoltage (Voc) with time, temperature, and/or humidity. One of the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, poly(3,4-ethyelenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), is an MIEC. A previous study reveals that at high humidity, PEDOT-PSS undergoes an ionic Seebeck effect due to mobile protons. Yet, this phenomenon is not well understood. In this work, the time dependence of the Voc is studied and its behavior from the contribution of both charge carriers (holes and protons) is explained. The presence of a complex reorganization of the charge carriers promoting an internal electrochemical reaction within the polymer film is identified. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the time dependence behavior of Voc is a way to distinguish between three classes of polymeric materials: electronic conductor, ionic conductor, and mixed ionic–electronic conductor

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  • 45.
    Ajpi Condori, Cesario
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Applied Electrochemistry. UMSA-University.
    Leiva, Naviana
    Lundblad, Anders
    Lindbergh, Göran
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Applied Electrochemistry.
    Cabrera, Saul
    Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Fe3+-BDC metal organic framework as material for lithium ion batteries2023In: Journal of Molecular Structure, ISSN 0022-2860, E-ISSN 1872-8014, Vol. 1272, p. 134127-134127, article id 134127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work presents synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a new metal-organic framework (MOF). The compound Fe-BDC-DMF was synthetized by the solvothermal method and prepared via a reaction between FeCl3.6H2O and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) or terephthalic acid using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The powder was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis. The electrochemical properties were investigated in a typical lithium-ion battery electrolyte by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charging and discharging. The synthetized Fe-BDC-DMF metal-organic framework (MOF) contains a mixture of three phases, identified by PXRD as: MOF-235, and MIL-53(Fe) monoclinic with C2/c and P21/c space groups. The structure of the Fe-BDC is built up from Fe3+ ions, terephalates (BDC) bridges and in-situ-generated DMF ligands. The electrochemical measurements conducted in the potential range of 0.5–3.5 V vs. Li+/Li0 show the voltage profiles of Fe-BDC and a plateau capacity of around 175 mAh/g.

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  • 46.
    Akbar, Fariia Iasmin
    et al.
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany; Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Aslandukova, Alena
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Aslandukov, Andrey
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany; Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Yin, Yuqing
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany; Shandong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Trybel, Florian
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Khandarkhaeva, Saiana
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Fedotenko, Timofey
    Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Germany.
    Laniel, Dominique
    Univ Edinburgh, Scotland; Univ Edinburgh, Scotland.
    Bykov, Maxim
    Univ Cologne, Germany.
    Bykova, Elena
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Doubrovinckaia, Natalia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    Dubrovinsky, Leonid
    Univ Bayreuth, Germany.
    High-pressure synthesis of dysprosium carbides2023In: Frontiers in Chemistry, E-ISSN 2296-2646, Vol. 11, article id 1210081Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chemical reactions between dysprosium and carbon were studied in laser-heated diamond anvil cells at pressures of 19, 55, and 58 GPa and temperatures of similar to 2500 K. In situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the reaction products revealed the formation of novel dysprosium carbides, Dy4C3 and Dy3C2, and dysprosium sesquicarbide Dy2C3 previously known only at ambient conditions. The structure of Dy4C3 was found to be closely related to that of dysprosium sesquicarbide Dy2C3 with the Pu2C3-type structure. Ab initio calculations reproduce well crystal structures of all synthesized phases and predict their compressional behavior in agreement with our experimental data. Our work gives evidence that high-pressure synthesis conditions enrich the chemistry of rare earth metal carbides.

  • 47.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Colloidal Processing and Thermal Treatment of Binderless Hierarchically Porous Zeolite 13X Monoliths for CO2 Capture2011In: Journal of The American Ceramic Society, ISSN 0002-7820, E-ISSN 1551-2916, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 199-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorbents with high surface area are potential candidates forefficient postcombustion CO2 capture. Binderless zeolite 13Xmonoliths with a hierarchical porosity and high CO2 uptakehave been produced by slip casting followed by pressurelessthermal treatment. The zeolite powder displayed an isoelectricpoint at pH 4.7 and electrostatically stabilized suspensions couldbe prepared at alkaline pH. The volume fraction-dependentsteady shear viscosity could be fitted to a modified Krieger–Dougherty model with a maximum volume fraction of 0.66. Thenarrow temperature range where monoliths could be producedwithout significant loss of the microporous surface area wasidentified and related to the phase behavior of the 13X material.Slip casting of concentrated suspensions followed by thermaltreatment of the powder bodies at a temperature of 8001Cwithout holding time resulted into strong hierarchically porouszeolite 13X monolith that displayed a CO2 uptake larger than29 wt%.

  • 48.
    Akhtar, Farid
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    Rehman, Yaser
    Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan.
    Bergström, Lennart
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Materials Chemistry.
    A study of the sintering of diatomaceous earth to produce porous ceramic monolithswith bimodal porosity and high strength2010In: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 201, p. 253-257Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Diatomite powder, a naturally occurring porous raw material, was used to fabricate ceramic materials withbimodal porosity and high strength. The effect of the sintering temperature on the density and porosity ofdry pressed diatomite green bodies was evaluated using mercury porosimetry and water immersionmeasurements. It was found that the intrinsic porosity of the diatomite particles with a pore size around0.2 μm was lost at sintering temperatures above 1200 °C. Maintaining the sintering temperature at around1000 °C resulted in highly porous materials that also displayed a high compressive strength. Microstructuralstudies by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis suggested that the porecollapse was facilitated by the presence of low melting impurities like Na2O and K2O.

  • 49.
    Akhtar, Sohel
    et al.
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    Bala, Sukhen
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    De, Avik
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    Das, Krishna Sundar
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    Adhikary, Amit
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    Jyotsna, Shubhra
    Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
    Poddar, Pankaj
    Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
    Mondal, Raju
    School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
    Designing Multifunctional MOFs Using the Inorganic Motif [Cu33-OH)(μ-Pyz)] as an SBU and Their Properties2018In: Crystal Growth & Design, ISSN 1528-7483, E-ISSN 1528-7505, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 992-1004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a continuation of our interest in pyrazole-based multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we report herein the construction of a series of Cu(II) MOFs using pyrazole and various 5-substituted isophthalic acids. The central theme is to generate MOFs using the crystal engineering strategy of spacer and node; however, for the node we have introduced a well-known inorganic motif, a [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Pyz)3] unit. The appearance of the SBU in five MOFs confirms the robustness and reproducibility of the motif with some interesting structures of various dimensionality ranging from 1D helical and 2D herringbone grid to a complex 3D framework. The deployment of bent acids brings chirality via helicity in the system, as further confirmed by solid-state CD spectra. A detailed investigation of the porous MOFs reveals their importance as zeolite analogues for environment remediation. MOF-1–MOF-5 show some interesting photodegradation of harmful organic dyes. MOF-4 and MOF-5 show impressive selective CO2 gas sorption properties. Furthermore, magnetic properties associated with the trinuclear and hexanuclear SBUs of MOF-1 and MOF-3–MOF-5 have also been investigated.

  • 50.
    Aktekin, Burak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    The Electrochemistry of LiNi0.5-xMn1.5+xO4-δ in Li-ion Batteries: Structure, Side-reactions and Cross-talk2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of Li-ion batteries in portable electronic products is today widespread and on-going research is extensively dedicated to improve their performance and energy density for use in electric vehicles. The largest contribution to the overall cell weight comes from the positive electrode material, and improvements regarding this component thereby render a high potential for the development of these types of batteries. A promising candidate is LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LMNO), which offers both high power capability and energy density. However, the instability of conventional electrolytes at the high operating potential (~4.7 V vs. Li+/Li) associated with this electrode material currently prevents its use in commercial applications.

    This thesis work aims to investigate practical approaches which have the potential of overcoming issues related to fast degradation of LNMO-based batteries. This, in turn, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of degradation mechanisms. First, the effect of a well-known electrolyte additive, fluoroethylene carbonate is investigated in LNMO-Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cells with a focus on the positive electrode. Relatively poor cycling performance is found with 5 wt% additive while 1 wt% additive does not show a significant difference as compared to additive-free electrolytes. Second, a more fundamental study is performed to understand the effect of capacity fading mechanisms contributing to overall cell failure in high-voltage based full-cells. Electrochemical characterization of LNMO-LTO cells in different configurations show how important the electrode interactions (cross-talk) can be for the overall cell behaviour. Unexpectedly fast capacity fading at elevated temperatures is found to originate from a high sensitivity of LTO to cross-talk.

    Third, in situ studies of LNMO are conducted with neutron diffraction and electron microscopy. These show that the oxygen release is not directly related to cation disordering. Moreover, microstructural changes upon heating are observed. These findings suggest new sample preparation strategies, which allow the control of cation disorder without oxygen loss. Following this guidance, ordered and disordered samples with the same oxygen content are prepared. The negative effect of ordering on electrochemical performance is investigated and changes in bulk electronic structure following cycling are found in ordered samples, accompanied by thick surface films on surface and rock-salt phase domains near surface.

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