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  • 1.
    Aad, G.
    et al.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Leopold, Alexander
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Lundberg, Olof
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Lund-Jensen, Bengt
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Ohm, Christian
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Ripellino, Giulia
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Shaheen, Rabia
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Shope, David R.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Strandberg, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Zwalinski, L.
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland..
    et al.,
    Search for events with a pair of displaced vertices from long-lived neutral particles decaying into hadronic jets in the ATLAS muon spectrometer in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV2022In: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 106, no 3, article id 032005Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A search for events with two displaced vertices from long-lived particle (LLP) pairs using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. This analysis uses 139 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV recorded in 2015-2018. The search employs techniques for reconstructing vertices of LLPs decaying to jets in the muon spectrometer displaced between 3 and 14 m with respect to the primary interaction vertex. The observed numbers of events are consistent with the expected background and limits for several benchmark signals are determined. For the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, the paper reports the first exclusion limits for branching fractions into neutral long-lived particles below 0.1%, while branching fractions above 10% are excluded at 95% confidence level for LLP proper lifetimes ranging from 4 cm to 72.4 m. In addition, the paper present the first results for the decay of LLPs into (tt) over bar in the ATLAS muon spectrometer.

  • 2. Aas, Erik
    et al.
    Ayyer, Arvind
    Linusson, Svante
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Potka, Samu
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Limiting directions for random walks in classical affine Weyl groupsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Let be a finite Weyl group and the corresponding affine Weyl group. A random element of can be obtained as a reduced random walk on the alcoves of . By a theorem of Lam (Ann. Probab. 2015), such a walk almost surely approaches one of many directions. We compute these directions when is , and and the random walk is weighted by Kac and dual Kac labels. This settles Lam's questions for types and in the affirmative and for type in the negative. The main tool is a combinatorial two row model for a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process called the -TASEP, with four parameters. By specializing the parameters in different ways, we obtain TASEPs for each of the Weyl groups mentioned above. Computing certain correlations in these TASEPs gives the desired limiting directions.

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  • 3.
    Abbas, Khaled A
    et al.
    Egyptian National Institute of Transport.
    Al-Hosseiny, Ahmed T
    Egyptian National Institute of Transport.
    A generic approach for in depth statistical investigation of accident characteristics and causes2001In: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents: International conference in Moscow, Russia, 19-21 September, 2001 / [ed] Asp, Kenneth, Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2001, Vol. 18A:3, p. 653-665Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The main aim of this research is to develop a generic approach for the utilization of statistical methods to conduct depth investigation of road accident characteristics and causes. This approach is applied in an effort to analyse the 1998 accident database for the main rural roads in Egypt. This database is composed of traffic accident data collected for 14 road sections representing nine major roads of the Egyptian rural road network. The proposed approach is composed of two main stages of analysis. Within each stage, several analytical steps are conducted. The first stage is mainly concerned with developing cluster bar charts, where different characteristics and causes of accidents are portrayed in relation to variations in the three main accident contributing factors, namely types of roads, vehicles and drivers. The second stage is concerned with conducting in-depth statistical analysis of the collected accident data. Within this stage, four levels of statistical investigations were conducted. These are meant to examine a number of issues.

  • 4.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Updated relations for the uniaxial compressive strength of marlstones based on P-wave velocity and point load index test2016In: INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS, ISSN 2364-4176, Vol. 1, no 1, article id UNSP 17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although there are many proposed relations for different rock types to predict the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) as a function of P-wave velocity (V-P) and point load index (Is), only a few of them are focused on marlstones. However, these studies have limitations in applicability since they are mainly based on local studies. In this paper, an attempt is therefore made to present updated relations for two previous proposed correlations for marlstones in Iran. The modification process is executed through multivariate regression analysis techniques using a provided comprehensive database for marlstones in Iran, including UCS, V-P and Is from publications and validated relevant sources comprising 119 datasets. The accuracy, appropriateness and applicability of the obtained modifications were tested by means of different statistical criteria and graph analyses. The conducted comparison between updated and previous proposed relations highlighted better applicability in the prediction of UCS using the updated correlations introduced in this study. However, the derived updated predictive models are dependent on rock types and test conditions, as they are in this study.

  • 5.
    Abdalla, Mahmoud
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Claesson, Malin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Stationshöjdens inverkan på resmönster i offentliga lånecykelsystem2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this essay is to study the relationship between the usage pattern of public bike-sharing system subscribers and the location of the individual bike station in terms of height. Our hypothesis is that stations at higher elevations are more likely to be used as points of departure rather than arrival, and the opposite for stations with lower elevations.

    Based on data gathered in Chicago and the Greater Boston Area we apply a multiple linear regression analysis with relative elevation, gender and age as regressors, and the proportion of departures of the total activity at each station as the regressand. As an estimator, Weighted Least Squares (WLS) is used. The bike stations activity is varying, and this might cause skewness in the data, something that WLS can reduce. The result from the regression analysis shows that the relative elevation of the station does influence the stations usage pattern, but the parameter value for this regressor is small. The age and gender parameters are not statistically significant, so we end up with a simple linear regression with relative elevation as the only regressor.

    The conclusion is thus that even though the relative elevation of the bike station do have a statistically significant impact on the usage pattern in both cities. If the study had been undertaken in cities with more varied topography than Boston or Chicago, the result might have been different. We therefore consider this a field that could benefit from research that is more extensive in the future.

  • 6.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    KTH, Reglerteknik.
    Learning Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Using Non-stationary Linear Predictors2017Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The estimation problem of stochastic nonlinear parametric models is recognized to be very challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood function. Recently, several methods have been developed to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator and the optimal mean-square error predictor using Monte Carlo methods. Albeit asymptotically optimal, these methods come with several computational challenges and fundamental limitations.

    The contributions of this thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first part, approximate solutions to the maximum likelihood problem are explored. Both analytical and numerical approaches, based on the expectation-maximization algorithm and the quasi-Newton algorithm, are considered. While analytic approximations are difficult to analyze, asymptotic guarantees can be established for methods based on Monte Carlo approximations. Yet, Monte Carlo methods come with their own computational difficulties; sampling in high-dimensional spaces requires an efficient proposal distribution to reduce the number of required samples to a reasonable value.

    In the second part, relatively simple prediction error method estimators are proposed. They are based on non-stationary one-step ahead predictors which are linear in the observed outputs, but are nonlinear in the (assumed known) input. These predictors rely only on the first two moments of the model and the computation of the likelihood function is not required. Consequently, the resulting estimators are defined via analytically tractable objective functions in several relevant cases. It is shown that, under mild assumptions, the estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. In cases where the first two moments are analytically intractable due to the complexity of the model, it is possible to resort to vanilla Monte Carlo approximations. Several numerical examples demonstrate a good performance of the suggested estimators in several cases that are usually considered challenging.

  • 7.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Learning Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Using Non-stationary Linear Predictors2017Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The estimation problem of stochastic nonlinear parametric models is recognized to be very challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood function. Recently, several methods have been developed to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator and the optimal mean-square error predictor using Monte Carlo methods. Albeit asymptotically optimal, these methods come with several computational challenges and fundamental limitations.

    The contributions of this thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first part, approximate solutions to the maximum likelihood problem are explored. Both analytical and numerical approaches, based on the expectation-maximization algorithm and the quasi-Newton algorithm, are considered. While analytic approximations are difficult to analyze, asymptotic guarantees can be established for methods based on Monte Carlo approximations. Yet, Monte Carlo methods come with their own computational difficulties; sampling in high-dimensional spaces requires an efficient proposal distribution to reduce the number of required samples to a reasonable value.

    In the second part, relatively simple prediction error method estimators are proposed. They are based on non-stationary one-step ahead predictors which are linear in the observed outputs, but are nonlinear in the (assumed known) input. These predictors rely only on the first two moments of the model and the computation of the likelihood function is not required. Consequently, the resulting estimators are defined via analytically tractable objective functions in several relevant cases. It is shown that, under mild assumptions, the estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. In cases where the first two moments are analytically intractable due to the complexity of the model, it is possible to resort to vanilla Monte Carlo approximations. Several numerical examples demonstrate a good performance of the suggested estimators in several cases that are usually considered challenging.

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  • 8.
    Abdumuminov, Shuhrat
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication.
    Esteky, David Emanuel
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication.
    Black-Litterman Model: Practical Asset Allocation Model Beyond Traditional Mean-Variance2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper consolidates and compares the applicability and practicality of Black-Litterman model versus traditional Markowitz Mean-Variance model. Although well-known model such as Mean-Variance is academically sound and popular, it is rarely used among asset managers due to its deficiencies. To put the discussion into context we shed light on the improvement made by Fisher Black and Robert Litterman by putting the performance and practicality of both Black- Litterman and Markowitz Mean-Variance models into test. We will illustrate detailed mathematical derivations of how the models are constructed and bring clarity and profound understanding of the intuition behind the models. We generate two different portfolios, composing data from 10-Swedish equities over the course of 10-year period and respectively select 30-days Swedish Treasury Bill as a risk-free rate. The resulting portfolios orientate our discussion towards the better comparison of the performance and applicability of these two models and we will theoretically and geometrically illustrate the differences. Finally, based on extracted results of the performance of both models we demonstrate the superiority and practicality of Black-Litterman model, which in our particular case outperform traditional Mean- Variance model.

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  • 9.
    Ablikim, M.
    et al.
    Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
    Adlarson, Patrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Johansson, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Kupsc, Andrzej
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics. Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland.
    Schönning, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Thorén, Viktor
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Wolke, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Zu, J.
    State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China;State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China;Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.
    Measurement of the branching fraction for the decay ψ(3686)→ϕKS0KS02023In: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 108, no 5, article id 052001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Based on (448.1±2.9)×106 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decay ψ(3686)→ϕK0SK0S is observed for the first time. Taking the interference between ψ(3686) decay and continuum production into account, the branching fraction of this decay is measured to be B(ψ(3686)→ϕK0SK0S)=(3.53±0.20±0.21)×10−5, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Combining with the world average value for B(J/ψ→ϕK0SK0S), the ratio B(ψ(3686)→ϕK0SK0S)/B(J/ψ→ϕK0SK0S) is determined to be (6.0±1.6)%, which is suppressed relative to the 12% rule.

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  • 10.
    Abodayeh, Kamaleldin
    et al.
    Prince Sultan Univ, Dept Math & Gen Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Raza, Ali
    Air Univ, Dept Math, Stochat Anal & Optimizat Res Grp, PAF Complex E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
    Arif, Muhammad Shoaib
    Air Univ, Dept Math, Stochat Anal & Optimizat Res Grp, PAF Complex E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
    Rafiq, Muhammad
    Univ Cent Punjab, Fac Engn, Lahore, Pakistan.
    Bibi, Mairaj
    Comsats Univ, Dept Math, Chak Shahzad Campus Pk Rd, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Mohsin, Muhammad
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Mathematics.
    Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Impact of Heavy Alcohol Consumption on Transmission Dynamics of Gonorrhoea Epidemic2020In: Computers, Materials and Continua, ISSN 1546-2218, E-ISSN 1546-2226, Vol. 62, no 3, p. 1125-1142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper aims to perform a comparison of deterministic and stochastic models. The stochastic modelling is a more realistic way to study the dynamics of gonorrhoea infection as compared to its corresponding deterministic model. Also, the deterministic solution is itself mean of the stochastic solution of the model. For numerical analysis, first, we developed some explicit stochastic methods, but unfortunately, they do not remain consistent in certain situations. Then we proposed an implicitly driven explicit method for stochastic heavy alcohol epidemic model. The proposed method is independent of the choice of parameters and behaves well in all scenarios. So, some theorems and simulations are presented in support of the article.

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  • 11.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Engström, Christopher
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Anguzu, Collins
    Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Mango, John Magero
    Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Gudwin
    Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    A Variant of Updating Page Rank in Evolving Tree graphs2019In: Proceedings of 18th Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis International Conference with the Demographics 2019 Workshop, Florence, Italy: 11-14 June, 2019 / [ed] Christos H. Skiadas, ISAST: International Society for the Advancement of Science and Technology , 2019, p. 31-49Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PageRank update refers to the process of computing new PageRank values after change(s) (addition or removal of links/vertices) has occurred in real life networks. The purpose of the updating is to avoid recalculating the values from scratch. To efficiently carry out the update, we consider PageRank as the expected number of visits to target vertex if multiple random walks are performed, starting at each vertex once and weighing each of these walks by a weight value. Hence, it might be looked at as updating non-normalised PageRank. In the proposed approach, a scaled adjacency matrix is sequentially updated after every change and the levels of the vertices being updated as well. This enables sets of internal and sink vertices dependent on their roots or parents, thus vector-vector product can be performed sequentially since there are no infinite steps from one vertex to the other.

  • 12.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Engström, Christopher
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Mango, John Magero
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Godwin
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    A Variant of Updating PageRank in Evolving Tree Graphs2021In: Applied Modeling Techniques and Data Analysis 1: Computational Data Analysis Methods and Tools / [ed] Yannis Dimotikalis, Alex Karagrigoriou, Christina Parpoula, Christos H. Skiadas, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, USA , 2021, Vol. 7, p. 3-22Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A PageRank update refers to the process of computing new PageRank valuesafter a change(s) (addition or removal of links/vertices) has occurred in real-lifenetworks. The purpose of updating is to avoid re-calculating the values from scratch.To efficiently carry out the update, we consider PageRank to be the expected numberof visits to a target vertex if multiple random walks are performed, starting at eachvertex once and weighing each of these walks by a weight value. Hence, it mightbe looked at as updating a non-normalized PageRank. We focus on networks of treegraphs and propose an approach to sequentially update a scaled adjacency matrix afterevery change, as well as the levels of the vertices. In this way, we can update thePageRank of affected vertices by their corresponding levels.

  • 13.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Engström, Christopher
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Mango, John Magero
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Godwin
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    PageRank in evolving tree graphs2018In: Stochastic Processes and Applications: SPAS2017, Västerås and Stockholm, Sweden, October 4-6, 2017 / [ed] Sergei Silvestrov, Anatoliy Malyarenko, Milica Rančić, Springer, 2018, Vol. 271, p. 375-390Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we study how PageRank can be updated in an evolving tree graph. We are interested in finding how ranks of the graph can be updated simultaneously and effectively using previous ranks without resorting to iterative methods such as the Jacobi or Power method. We demonstrate and discuss how PageRank can be updated when a leaf is added to a tree, at least one leaf is added to a vertex with at least one outgoing edge, an edge added to vertices at the same level and forward edge is added in a tree graph. The results of this paper provide new insights and applications of standard partitioning of vertices of the graph into levels using breadth-first search algorithm. Then, one determines PageRanks as the expected numbers of random walk starting from any vertex in the graph. We noted that time complexity of the proposed method is linear, which is quite good. Also, it is important to point out that the types of vertex play essential role in updating of PageRank.

  • 14.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Engström, Christopher
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Mango, John Magero
    Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Godwin
    Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Updating of PageRank in Evolving Tree graphs2020In: Data Analysis and Applications 3: Computational, Classification, Financial, Statistical and Stochastic Methods / [ed] A. Makrides, A. Karagrigoriou, C.H. Skiadas, John Wiley & Sons, 2020, p. 35-51Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Summary Updating PageRank refers to a process of computing new PageRank values after changes have occurred in a graph. The main goal of the updating is to avoid recalculating the values from scratch. This chapter focuses on updating PageRank of an evolving tree graph when a vertex and an edge are added sequentially. It describes how to maintain level structures when a cycle is created and investigates the practical and theoretical efficiency to update PageRanks for an evolving graph with many cycles. The chapter discusses the convergence of the power method applied to stochastic complement of Google matrix when a feedback vertex set is used. It also demonstrates that the partition by feedback vertex set improves asymptotic convergence of power method in updating PageRank in a network with cyclic components.

  • 15.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Silvestrov, Dmitrii
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Mango, John
    Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Gudwin
    Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Nonlinearly  Perturbed Markov Chains  and  Information Networks2019In: Proceedings of 18th Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis International Conference with the Demographics 2019 Workshop, Florence, Italy: 11-14 June, 2019 / [ed] Christos H. Skiadas, ISAST: International Society for the Advancement of Science and Technology , 2019, p. 51-79Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper is devoted to studies of perturbed Markov chains commonly used for description of information networks. In such models, the matrix of transition probabilities for the corresponding Markov chain is usually regularised by adding  a special damping matrix multiplied by a small damping (perturbation) parameter ε. In this paper, we present results of the detailed perturbation analysis of Markov chains with damping component and numerical experiments supporting and illustrating the results of this perturbation analysis.

  • 16.
    Abola, Benard
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Biganda, Pitos
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.
    Silvestrov, Sergei
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Silvestrov, Dmitrii
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Engström, Christopher
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics.
    Mango, John Magero
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kakuba, Godwin
    Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Chapter 2. Nonlinearly Perturbed Markov Chains and Information Networks2021In: Applied Modeling Techniques and Data Analysis 1: Computational Data Analysis Methods and Tools / [ed] Yannis Dimotikalis, Alex Karagrigoriou, Christina Parpoula, Christos H. Skiadas, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2021, p. 23-55Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter is devoted to studies of perturbed Markov chains, commonly used for the description of information networks. In such models, the matrix of transition probabilities for the corresponding Markov chain is usually regularized by adding aspecial damping matrix, multiplied by a small damping (perturbation) parameter ε. In this chapter, we present the results of detailed perturbation analysis of Markov chains with damping component and numerical experiments supporting and illustrating the results of this perturbation analysis.

  • 17.
    Aboud, Stephanie
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
    Predicting Customer Conversion using Supervised Machine Learning2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The growth of e-commerce has been evident over the past years and for companies like Klarna that provides payment solutions, focusing on the purchase experience is more important than ever. With that goal in mind, more companies are using machine learning methods and tools to make predictions and forecast future outcomes, giving them a competitive advantage on the market. This thesis aims to apply supervised machine learning techniques to predict customer conversion, i.e. predict if a customer with a started shopping session will complete the purchase. The purpose of the project is to also determine which supervised learning algorithm performs the best when predicting customer conversion, with regards to a set of model evaluation metrics. The classical classification method Logistic Regression was tested, as well as the machine learning methods Support vector Machine, Random forest and XGBoost. The metrics used to evaluate the model performances were Precision, Recall, F1- and AUC-scores. Furthermore, the SHapley Additive exPlanations approach was implemented for feature importance and for interpreting tree-based models. The results showed that it is in fact possible to predict customer conversion using machine learning. All models yielded good performance and the difference in performance was relatively small. XGBoost performed slightly better than the rest of the models.

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  • 18.
    Abrahamson, Peter
    et al.
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Bodin, Daniel
    Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University.
    Behov av stödundervisning i grundskolan: En designbaserad analys av longitudinella data2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 19.
    Abrahamsson, Linda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Statistics.
    Statistical models of breast cancer tumour growth for mammography screening data2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 20.
    Abrahamsson, Per Anders
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Adami, Hans Olov
    Taube, Adam
    Kim, KyungMann
    Zelen, Marvin
    Kulldorff, Martin
    Re: Long-term survival and mortality in prostate cancer treated with noncurative intent1995In: UROLGY, Vol. 154, p. 460-465Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Abrahamsson, Ville
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
    Ekblom, Julia
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
    Sustainable Investments - The impact of the EU green taxonomy2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing environmental issues and the measures taken to tackle them, is a topic of high significance in today's society. In light of this, the EU is underway with developing a taxonomy classifying sustainable economic activities in hopes to raise awareness, increase transparency regarding environmental impact, and motivate investors to invest sustainable. This paper aims to examine if the taxonomy is relevant to its cause, as well as if sustainability factors can be identified with linear regression connected to growth in a company's value, which may motivate sustainable investments. Several interviews were conducted, along with the creation of a mathematical model. The conclusions drawn was that it is not viable to determine a company's growth in value using solely sustainability factors. However, the results were promising regarding the implementation of sustainability factors in more comprehensive models. Furthermore, the impact of the taxonomy was hard to predict at this time, however, the consensus of the majority of the interviews conducted with experts on the subject, is that it has potential to impact sustainable investments in the future. Future research on the taxonomy may yield results of higher interest since more comprehensive data will be available, and the impact of the taxonomy will be more concrete.

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  • 22.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Numerical analysis for random processes and fields and related design problems2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis, we study numerical analysis for random processes and fields. We investigate the behavior of the approximation accuracy for specific linear methods based on a finite number of observations. Furthermore, we propose techniques for optimizing performance of the methods for particular classes of random functions. The thesis consists of an introductory survey of the subject and related theory and four papers (A-D).

    In paper A, we study a Hermite spline approximation of quadratic mean continuous and differentiable random processes with an isolated point singularity. We consider a piecewise polynomial approximation combining two different Hermite interpolation splines for the interval adjacent to the singularity point and for the remaining part. For locally stationary random processes, sequences of sampling designs eliminating asymptotically the effect of the singularity are constructed.

    In Paper B, we focus on approximation of quadratic mean continuous real-valued random fields by a multivariate piecewise linear interpolator based on a finite number of observations placed on a hyperrectangular grid. We extend the concept of local stationarity to random fields and for the fields from this class, we provide an exact asymptotics for the approximation accuracy. Some asymptotic optimization results are also provided.

    In Paper C, we investigate numerical approximation of integrals (quadrature) of random functions over the unit hypercube. We study the asymptotics of a stratified Monte Carlo quadrature based on a finite number of randomly chosen observations in strata generated by a hyperrectangular grid. For the locally stationary random fields (introduced in Paper B), we derive exact asymptotic results together with some optimization methods. Moreover, for a certain class of random functions with an isolated singularity, we construct a sequence of designs eliminating the effect of the singularity.

    In Paper D, we consider a Monte Carlo pricing method for arithmetic Asian options. An estimator is constructed using a piecewise constant approximation of an underlying asset price process. For a wide class of Lévy market models, we provide upper bounds for the discretization error and the variance of the estimator. We construct an algorithm for accurate simulations with controlled discretization and Monte Carlo errors, andobtain the estimates of the option price with a predetermined accuracy at a given confidence level. Additionally, for the Black-Scholes model, we optimize the performance of the estimator by using a suitable variance reduction technique.

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  • 23.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Arnqvist, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Secchi, Piercesare
    Vantini, Simone
    Vitelli, Valeria
    Was it snowing on lake Kassjön in January 4486 BC? Functional data analysis of sediment data2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Hérbert-Losier, Kim
    Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Mid Sweden; University Department of Health Sciences, Östersund, Sweden.
    Pini, Alessia
    MOX – Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    MOX – Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano.
    An inferential framework for domain selection in functional anova2014In: Contributions in infinite-dimensional statistics and related topics / [ed] Bongiorno, E.G., Salinelli, E., Goia, A., Vieu, P, Esculapio , 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a procedure for performing an ANOVA test on functional data, including pairwise group comparisons. in a Scheff´e-like perspective. The test is based on the Interval Testing Procedure, and it selects intervals where the groups significantly differ. The procedure is applied on the 3D kinematic motion of the knee joint collected during a functional task (one leg hop) performed by three groups of individuals.

  • 25.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Pini, Alessia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Department of Statistical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    Nonparametric inference for functional-on-scalar linear models applied to knee kinematic hop data after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament2018In: Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, ISSN 0303-6898, E-ISSN 1467-9469, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 1036-1061Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Motivated by the analysis of the dependence of knee movement patterns during functional tasks on subject-specific covariates, we introduce a distribution-free procedure for testing a functional-on-scalar linear model with fixed effects. The procedure does not only test the global hypothesis on the entire domain but also selects the intervals where statistically significant effects are detected. We prove that the proposed tests are provided with an asymptotic control of the intervalwise error rate, that is, the probability of falsely rejecting any interval of true null hypotheses. The procedure is applied to one-leg hop data from a study on anterior cruciate ligament injury. We compare knee kinematics of three groups of individuals (two injured groups with different treatments and one group of healthy controls), taking individual-specific covariates into account.

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  • 26.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Pini, Alessia
    Department of Statistical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Stamm, Aymeric
    Department of Mathematics Jean Leray, UMR CNRS 6629, Nantes University, Nantes, France.
    Vantini, Simone
    MOX – Modelling and Scientific Computing Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Domain selection and family-wise error rate for functional data: a unified framework2023In: Biometrics, ISSN 0006-341X, E-ISSN 1541-0420, Vol. 79, no 2, p. 1119-1132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Functional data are smooth, often continuous, random curves, which can be seen as an extreme case of multivariate data with infinite dimensionality. Just as component-wise inference for multivariate data naturally performs feature selection, subset-wise inference for functional data performs domain selection. In this paper, we present a unified testing framework for domain selection on populations of functional data. In detail, p-values of hypothesis tests performed on point-wise evaluations of functional data are suitably adjusted for providing a control of the family-wise error rate (FWER) over a family of subsets of the domain. We show that several state-of-the-art domain selection methods fit within this framework and differ from each other by the choice of the family over which the control of the FWER is provided. In the existing literature, these families are always defined a priori. In this work, we also propose a novel approach, coined threshold-wise testing, in which the family of subsets is instead built in a data-driven fashion. The method seamlessly generalizes to multidimensional domains in contrast to methods based on a-priori defined families. We provide theoretical results with respect to consistency and control of the FWER for the methods within the unified framework. We illustrate the performance of the methods within the unified framework on simulated and real data examples, and compare their performance with other existing methods.

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  • 27.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Multiresolution clustering of dependent functional data with application to climate reconstruction2019In: Stat, E-ISSN 2049-1573, Vol. 8, no 1, article id e240Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a new nonparametric clustering method for dependent functional data, the double clustering bagging Voronoi method. It consists of two levels of clustering. Given a spatial lattice of points, a function is observed at each grid point. In the first‐level clustering, features of the functional data are clustered. The second‐level clustering takes dependence into account, by grouping local representatives, built from the resulting first‐level clusters, using a bagging Voronoi strategy. Depending on the distance measure used, features of the functions may be included in the second‐step clustering, making the method flexible and general. Combined with the clustering method, a multiresolution approach is proposed that searches for stable clusters at different spatial scales, aiming to capture latent structures. This provides a powerful and computationally efficient tool to cluster dependent functional data at different spatial scales, here illustrated by a simulation study. The introduced methodology is applied to varved lake sediment data, aiming to reconstruct winter climate regimes in northern Sweden at different time resolutions over the past 6,000 years.

  • 28.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    On the error of the Monte Carlo pricing method for Asian option2008In: Journal of Numerical and Applied Mathematics, ISSN 0868-6912, Vol. 96, no 1, p. 1-10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider a Monte Carlo method to price a continuous arithmetic Asian option with a given precision. Piecewise constant approximation and plain simulation are used for a wide class of models based on L\'{e}vy processes. We give bounds of the possible discretization and simulation errors. The sufficient numbers of discretization points and simulations to obtain requested accuracy are derived. To demonstrate the general approach, the Black-Scholes model is studied in more detail. We undertake the case of continuous averaging and starting time zero,  but the obtained results can be applied to the discrete case  and generalized for any time before an execution date. Some numerical experiments and comparison to the PDE based method are also presented.

  • 29.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Piecewise multilinear interpolation of a random field2013In: Advances in Applied Probability, ISSN 0001-8678, E-ISSN 1475-6064, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 945-959Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider a piecewise-multilinear interpolation of a continuous random field on a d-dimensional cube. The approximation performance is measured using the integrated mean square error. Piecewise-multilinear interpolator is defined by N-field observations on a locations grid (or design). We investigate the class of locally stationary random fields whose local behavior is like a fractional Brownian field, in the mean square sense, and find the asymptotic approximation accuracy for a sequence of designs for large N. Moreover, for certain classes of continuous and continuously differentiable fields, we provide the upper bound for the approximation accuracy in the uniform mean square norm.

  • 30.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Stratified Monte Carlo quadrature for continuous random fields2015In: Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, ISSN 1387-5841, E-ISSN 1573-7713, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 59-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider the problem of numerical approximation of integrals of random fields over a unit hypercube. We use a stratified Monte Carlo quadrature and measure the approximation performance by the mean squared error. The quadrature is defined by a finite number of stratified randomly chosen observations with the partition generated by a rectangular grid (or design). We study the class of locally stationary random fields whose local behavior is like a fractional Brownian field in the mean square sense and find the asymptotic approximation accuracy for a sequence of designs for large number of the observations. For the H¨older class of random functions, we provide an upper bound for the approximation error. Additionally, for a certain class of isotropic random functions with an isolated singularity at the origin, we construct a sequence of designs eliminating the effect of the singularity point.

  • 31.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Nonparametric bagging clustering methods to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical data2022In: Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, ISSN 0167-9473, E-ISSN 1872-7352, Vol. 177, article id 107583Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nonparametric bagging clustering methods are studied and compared to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical data observed along a one-dimensional (discrete) time domain. The frequency of the observed categories is assumed to be generated by a (slowly varying) latent signal, according to latent state-specific probability distributions. The bagging clustering methods use random tessellations (partitions) of the time domain and clustering of the category frequencies of the observed data in the tessellation cells to recover the latent signal, within a bagging framework. New and existing ways of generating the tessellations and clustering are discussed and combined into different bagging clustering methods. Edge tessellations and adaptive tessellations are the new proposed ways of forming partitions. Composite methods are also introduced, that are using (automated) decision rules based on entropy measures to choose among the proposed bagging clustering methods. The performance of all the methods is compared in a simulation study. From the simulation study it can be concluded that local and global entropy measures are powerful tools in improving the recovery of the latent signal, both via the adaptive tessellation strategies (local entropy) and in designing composite methods (global entropy). The composite methods are robust and overall improve performance, in particular the composite method using adaptive (edge) tessellations.

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  • 32.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Nonparametric clustering methods to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical dataManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Abramowizc, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Arnqvist, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Secchi, Piercesare
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Vitelli, Valeria
    Oslo University, Norway.
    Clustering misaligned dependent curves applied to varved lake sediment for climate reconstruction2017In: Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print), ISSN 1436-3240, E-ISSN 1436-3259, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 71-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we introduce a novel functional clustering method, the Bagging Voronoi K-Medoid Aligment (BVKMA) algorithm, which simultaneously clusters and aligns spatially dependent curves. It is a nonparametric statistical method that does not rely on distributional or dependency structure assumptions. The method is motivated by and applied to varved (annually laminated) sediment data from lake Kassjön in northern Sweden, aiming to infer on past environmental and climate changes. The resulting clusters and their time dynamics show great potential for seasonal climate interpretation, in particular for winter climate changes.

  • 34.
    Abramsson, Evelina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Grind, Kajsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Skattning av kausala effekter med matchat fall-kontroll data2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 35.
    Achcar, JA
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Agrawal, MC
    Anand, KN
    Ali, MM
    Ali, MM
    Bagui, SC
    Baker, RD
    Balamurali, S
    Balasooriya, U
    Bansal, AK
    Barry, J
    Bonett, DG
    Box, G
    Carling, K
    Caudill, SB
    Chakraborti, S
    Chatfield, C
    Chatterjee, S
    Cornell, JA
    Cox, D
    Draper, NR
    Ehrenberg, A
    Finney, DJ
    25 years of applied statistics1998In: JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS, ISSN 0266-4763, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 3-22Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Adachi, Jonathan D.
    et al.
    McMaster University, CAN.
    Adami, Silvano
    University Verona, ITA.
    Gehlbach, Stephen
    University Massachusetts, USA..
    Anderson, Frederick A.
    University Massachusetts, USA.
    Boonen, Steven
    Katholieke University Leuven, BEL.
    Chapurlat, Roland D.
    University Lyon, FRA .
    Compston, Juliet E.
    University Cambridge, GBR.
    Cooper, Cyrus
    University Southampton, GBR ; University Oxford, GBR.
    Delmas, Pierre
    University Lyon, FRA .
    Díez-Pérez, Adolfo
    University Barcelona, ESP.
    Greenspan, Susan L.
    University Pittsburgh, USA.
    Hooven, Frederick H.
    University Massachusetts, USA.
    LaCroix, Andrea Z.
    Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, USA.
    Lindsay, Robert
    Helen Hayes Hospital, USA.
    Netelenbos, J. Coen
    Vrije University, NLD.
    Wu, Olivia
    University Glasgow, GBR.
    Pfeilschifter, Johannes
    Alfried Krupp Hospital, DEU.
    Roux, Christian
    Paris Descartes University, FRA.
    Saag, Kenneth G.
    University Alabama, USA.
    Sambrook, Philip N.
    University Sydney, AUS.
    Silverman, Stuart
    University Calif Los Angeles, USA.
    Siris, Ethel S.
    Columbia University, USA.
    Nika, Grigor
    University Massachusetts, USA.
    Watts, Nelson B.
    University Cincinnati, USA.
    Impact of Prevalent Fractures on Quality of Life: Baseline Results From the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women2010In: Mayo Clinic proceedings, ISSN 0025-6196, E-ISSN 1942-5546, Vol. 85, no 9, p. 806-813Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine several dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in postmenopausal women who report previous fractures, and to provide perspective by comparing these findings with those in other chronic conditions (diabetes, arthritis, lung disease).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fractures are a major cause of morbidity among older women. Few studies have examined HRQL In women who have had prior fractures and the effect of prior fracture location on HRQL. In this observational study of 57,141 postmenopausal women aged 55 years and older (enrollment from December 2007 to March 2009) from 17 study sites in 10 countries, HRQL was measured using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Index (EQ-5D) and the health status, physical function, and vitality questions of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

    RESULTS: Reductions in EQ-5D health-utility scores and SF-36 measured health status, physical function, and vitality were seen in association with 9 of 10 fracture locations. Spine, hip, and upper leg fractures resulted in the greatest reductions In quality of life (EQ-5D scores, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.61, respectively, vs 0.79 without prior fracture). Women with fractures at any of these 3 locations, as well as women with a history of multiple fractures (EQ-5D scores, 0.74 for 1 prior fracture, 0.68 for 2, and 0.58 for >= 3), had reductions in HRQL that were similar to or worse than those in women with other chronic diseases (0.67 for diabetes, 0.69 for arthritis, and 0.71 for lung disease).

    CONCLUSION: Previous fractures at a variety of bone locations, particularly spine, hip, and upper leg, or involving more than 1 location are associated with significant reductions in quality of life.

  • 37. Adami, Hans-Olov
    et al.
    Bergström, Reinhold
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Persson, Ingemar
    Barlow, Lotti
    McLaughlin, Joseph K.
    Risk for endometrial cancer following breast cancer: A prospective study in Sweden1997In: Cancer Causes & Control, Vol. 8, p. 821-827Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38. Adami, H-O
    et al.
    Bergström, R
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Engholm, G
    Nyrén, O
    Wolk, A
    Ekbom, A
    Englund, A
    Baron, J
    A prospective study of smoking and risk of prostate cancer1996In: Int J Cancer, Vol. 67, p. 764-768Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Adami, J
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Nyren, O
    Bergstrom, R
    Ekbom, A
    McLaughlin, JK
    Hogman, C
    Fraumeni, JF
    Glimelius, B
    Blood transfusion and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Lack of association1997In: ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, ISSN 0003-4819, Vol. 127, no 5, p. 365-&Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Adesina, Owolabi Abiona
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Engineering.
    Statistical Modelling and the Fokker-Planck Equation2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year))Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A stochastic process or sometimes called random process is the counterpart to a deterministic process in theory. A stochastic process is a random field, whose domain is a region of space, in other words, a random function whose arguments are drawn from a range of continuously changing values. In this case, Instead of dealing only with one possible 'reality' of how the process might evolve under time (as is the case, for example, for solutions of an ordinary differential equation), in a stochastic or random process there is some indeterminacy in its future evolution described by probability distributions. This means that even if the initial condition (or starting point) is known, there are many possibilities the process might go to, but some paths are more probable and others less. However, in discrete time, a stochastic process amounts to a sequence of random variables known as a time series. Over the past decades, the problems of synergetic are concerned with the study of macroscopic quantitative changes of systems belonging to various disciplines such as natural science, physical science and electrical engineering. When such transition from one state to another take place, fluctuations i.e. (random process) may play an important role. Fluctuations in its sense are very common in a large number of fields and nearly every system is subjected to complicated external or internal influences that are often termed noise or fluctuations. Fokker-Planck equation has turned out to provide a powerful tool with which the effects of fluctuation or noise close to transition points can be adequately be treated. For this reason, in this thesis work analytical and numerical methods of solving Fokker-Planck equation, its derivation and some of its applications will be carefully treated. Emphasis will be on both for one variable and N- dimensional cases.

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  • 41.
    Adler, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Lunz, Sebastian
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge, England..
    Banach Wasserstein GAN2018In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31 (NIPS 2018) / [ed] Bengio, S Wallach, H Larochelle, H Grauman, K CesaBianchi, N Garnett, R, Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) , 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) can be used to generate realistic samples from complicated image distributions. The Wasserstein metric used in WGANs is based on a notion of distance between individual images, which induces a notion of distance between probability distributions of images. So far the community has considered l(2) as the underlying distance. We generalize the theory of WGAN with gradient penalty to Banach spaces, allowing practitioners to select the features to emphasize in the generator. We further discuss the effect of some particular choices of underlying norms, focusing on Sobolev norms. Finally, we demonstrate a boost in performance for an appropriate choice of norm on CIFAR-10 and CelebA.

  • 42.
    Adler, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.). Elekta, Box 7593, 103 93 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ringh, Axel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Optimization and Systems Theory.
    Öktem, Ozan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Karlsson, Johan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Optimization and Systems Theory.
    Learning to solve inverse problems using Wasserstein lossManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose using the Wasserstein loss for training in inverse problems. In particular, we consider a learned primal-dual reconstruction scheme for ill-posed inverse problems using the Wasserstein distance as loss function in the learning. This is motivated by miss-alignments in training data, which when using standard mean squared error loss could severely degrade reconstruction quality. We prove that training with the Wasserstein loss gives a reconstruction operator that correctly compensates for miss-alignments in certain cases, whereas training with the mean squared error gives a smeared reconstruction. Moreover, we demonstrate these effects by training a reconstruction algorithm using both mean squared error and optimal transport loss for a problem in computerized tomography.

  • 43.
    Adlersson, Albert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Is eXplainable AI suitable as a hypotheses generating tool for medical research? Comparing basic pathology annotation with heat maps to find out2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hypothesis testing has long been a formal and standardized process. Hypothesis generation, on the other hand, remains largely informal. This thesis assess whether eXplainable AI (XAI) can aid in the standardization of hypothesis generation through its utilization as a hypothesis generating tool for medical research. We produce XAI heat maps for a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained to classify Microsatellite Instability (MSI) in colon and gastric cancer with four different XAI methods: Guided Backpropagation, VarGrad, Grad-CAM and Sobol Attribution. We then compare these heat maps with pathology annotations in order to look for differences to turn into new hypotheses. Our CNN successfully generates non-random XAI heat maps whilst achieving a validation accuracy of 85% and a validation AUC of 93% – as compared to others who achieve a AUC of 87%. Our results conclude that Guided Backpropagation and VarGrad are better at explaining high-level image features whereas Grad-CAM and Sobol Attribution are better at explaining low-level ones. This makes the two groups of XAI methods good complements to each other. Images of Microsatellite Insta- bility (MSI) with high differentiation are more difficult to analyse regardless of which XAI is used, probably due to exhibiting less regularity. Regardless of this drawback, our assessment is that XAI can be used as a useful hypotheses generating tool for research in medicine. Our results indicate that our CNN utilizes the same features as our basic pathology annotations when classifying MSI – with some additional features of basic pathology missing – features which we successfully are able to generate new hypotheses with. 

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    XAI_BachelorThesis
  • 44. Adolfson, Malin
    et al.
    Laseen, Stefan
    Linde, Jesper
    Villani, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Empirical properties of closed- and open-economy DSGE models of the Euro area2008In: Macroeconomic Dynamics, ISSN 1365-1005, E-ISSN 1469-8056, Vol. 12, p. 2-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we compare the empirical proper-ties of closed- and open-economy DSGE models estimated on Euro area data. The comparison is made along several dimensions; we examine the models in terms of their marginal likelihoods, forecasting performance, variance decompositions, and their transmission mechanisms of monetary policy.

  • 45. Adolfson, Malin
    et al.
    Linde, Jesper
    Villani, Mattias
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Forecasting performance of an open economy DSGE model2007In: Econometric Reviews, ISSN 0747-4938, E-ISSN 1532-4168, Vol. 26, no 04-feb, p. 289-328Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyzes the forecasting performance of an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, estimated with Bayesian methods, for the Euro area during 1994Q1-2002Q4. We compare the DSGE model and a few variants of this model to various reduced form forecasting models such as vector autoregressions (VARs) and vector error correction models (VECM), estimated both by maximum likelihood and, two different Bayesian approaches, and traditional benchmark models, e.g., the random. walk. The accuracy of point forecasts, interval forecasts and the predictive distribution as a whole are assessed in, an out-of-sample rolling event evaluation using several univariate and multivariate measures. The results show that the open economy DSGE model compares well with more empirical models and thus that the tension between, rigor and fit in older generations of DSGE models is no longer present. We also critically examine the role of Bayesian model probabilities and other frequently used low-dimensional summaries, e.g., the log determinant statistic, as measures of overall forecasting performance.

  • 46.
    Adolfsson, Chandra
    Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics.
    Utvärdering av granskningssystem för SCB:s undersökningar Kortperiodisk Sysselsättningsstatistik och Konjunkturstatistik över Vakanser2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna studie har undersökningarna Kortperiodisk Sysselsättningsstatistiks (KS) och Konjunkturstatistik över Vakansers (KV) befintliga granskningssystem utvärderats med avseende på hur effektivt det är. Processdata har framställts och analyserats. Resultaten tyder på att många av de inkomna blanketterna med misstänkt felaktiga uppgifter inte rättas upp, utan tvingas igenom trots att granskningssystemet ej accepterade uppgifterna. Det befintliga granskningssystemet har en högre träffsäkerhet avseende KS-undersökningen, men både KS och KV skulle kunnas granskas mer effektivt.

    För att utvärdera det befintliga granskningssystemet ytterligare användes en poängfunktion. Till studien fanns tillgång till både helt ogranskat material och helt granskat material och dessa material användes i poängfunktionen. Det uppräknade ogranskade värdet för varje objekt jämfördes med det uppräknade granskade värdet och ställdes i relation till respektive skattade branschtotal. De poängsatta blanketterna rangordnades sedan. Därefter analyserades materialet för att försöka finna var det skulle vara lämpligt att sätta det tröskelvärde som skulle skilja det material som ”egentligen” skulle ha behövts granskas från det som kunde ha lämnats orört. Att sätta tröskelvärdet är svårt. Här gjordes det godtyckligt utifrån kriterierna att det fel som införs i skattningarna för att allt material inte granskas skulle hållas så lågt som möjligt samt att antalet blanketter som skulle behöva granskas manuellt av produktionsgruppen också skulle hållas så lågt som möjligt. Även här visade det sig att det befintliga granskningssystemet inte är så effektivt som önskas. När resultaten från denna del av utvärderingen analyserades upptäcktes problem som beror på blankettutformningen. Skulle blanketterna ses över och åtgärdas skulle det fel som införs för att allt material inte granskas kunna minskas avsevärt. Genom att minska det införda felet kan tröskelvärdet förmodligen sättas på en ny nivå vilket medför att omfattningen av granskningen skulle minska ytterligare.

    Hur skulle då ett mer effektivt granskningssystem kunna se ut? I den här studien har valet fallit på att testa ”significance editing” på KS-undersökningen, det som på svenska kallas för effektgranskning. En poängfunktion användes även här, denna tilldelar de inkomna blanketterna varsin poäng och dessa poäng rangordnas därefter. Efter att poängen rangordnats bestäms en gräns, ett tröskelvärde, och de blanketter med en poäng som överstiger tröskelvärdet granskas och rättas upp av produktionsgruppen. De blanketter med en poäng som understiger det satta tröskelvärdet rättas inte upp, utan behåller sina originalvärden. Poängfunktionen jämför det inkomna ogranskade, uppräknade, värdet med ett uppräknat ”förväntat” värde och ställer denna differens i relation till den skattade branschtotalen. Svårigheten ligger ofta i att hitta ett bra förväntat värde och detta problem uppstår ideligen i urvalsundersökningar. Tanken med effektgranskning är att omfattningen av granskningen ska minska och den granskning som utförs ska ha effekt på slutresultatet.

    Det var inte lätt att hitta ett bra förväntat värde på den tid som stod till förfogande. Två problem som snabbt upptäcktes var dels att i KS-undersökningen finns inte uträknade säsongs- eller trendfaktorer per variabel. Dessutom byttes en mycket stor del av urvalet ut till kvartal 2 (som denna studie har avgränsats till att behandla). Detta har fått till följd att cirka hälften av objekten i urvalet inte går att följa bakåt i tiden eftersom de inte ingått i urvalet tidigare. I studien har respektive stratums medelvärde använts som förväntat värde. Resultaten visar att det valda förväntade värdet inte skulle ha använts i praktiken, men det fungerar bra i syfte att illustrera hur det i praktiken skulle kunna gå till att införa en mer effektiv granskning.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 47.
    Adolfsson, Per
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Ivic, Marijo
    Örebro University, Örebro University School of Business.
    Ett försök till att statistiskt modellera matchutfall för fotbollens division 1 för herrar i Sverige2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 48.
    Adriaens, Florian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Theoretical Computer Science, TCS.
    Mara, Alexandru
    IDLab, Ghent University, Belgium.
    Lijffijt, Jefrey
    IDLab, Ghent University, Belgium.
    De Bie, Tijl
    IDLab, Ghent University, Belgium.
    Block-approximated exponential random graphs2020In: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2020, p. 70-80Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important challenge in the field of exponential random graphs (ERGs) is the fitting of non-trivial ERGs on large graphs. By utilizing fast matrix block-approximation techniques, we propose an approximative framework to such non-trivial ERGs that result in dyadic independence (i.e., edge independent) distributions, while being able to meaningfully model local information of the graph (e.g., degrees) as well as global information (e.g., clustering coefficient, assortativity, etc.) if desired. This allows one to efficiently generate random networks with similar properties as an observed network, and the models can be used for several downstream tasks such as link prediction. Our methods are scalable to sparse graphs consisting of millions of nodes.Empirical evaluation demonstrates competitiveness in terms of both speed and accuracy with state-of-the-art methods - which are typically based on embedding the graph into some low-dimensional space - for link prediction, showcasing the potential of a more direct and interpretable probablistic model for this task.

  • 49.
    Adriansson, Nils
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Mattsson, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Forecasting GDP Growth, or How Can Random Forests Improve Predictions in Economics?2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    GDP is used to measure the economic state of a country and accurate forecasts of it is therefore important. Using the Economic Tendency Survey we investigate forecasting quarterly GDP growth using the data mining technique Random Forest. Comparisons are made with a benchmark AR(1) and an ad hoc linear model built on the most important variables suggested by the Random Forest. Evaluation by forecasting shows that the Random Forest makes the most accurate forecast supporting the theory that there are benefits to using Random Forests on economic time series. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 50.
    Ageling, Lisette
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
    Alm, Ture
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
    Modeling and Optimization of the Early Baggage Storage at Stockholm Arlanda Airport Terminal 52022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report was written in cooperation with Swedavia and aimed to examine and optimize the time before flight departure the chutes should open. Chutes are the last state before the baggage is transported to the plane. Currently, the chutes open two hours before departure. If baggage arrives while its corresponding chute is closed it will go to the Early Baggage System (EBS) where it will stay until two hours before departure. Afterward, the baggage will be transported to its corresponding chute. By reducing the time in the chute, the airport would utilize the EBS more efficiently and make the chutes available to more planes.

    To examine the resilience of the system it was modeled and simulated in Matlab. The parameters that were used to simulate the model were taken from a data set provided by Swedavia. The conclusion is that there's a possibility for higher utilization of the EBS by lowering the allotted times of chutes per flight and thereby freeing capacity in the makeup sector. This should be further investigated to see the effects of additional processes in the baggage handling system.

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    fulltext
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