Ultra wideband (UWB) is vastly under consideration of research industry that promises high data rata, low power consumption and economic solution. UWB was in use of military since 1950’s. In 2002 Federal communication commission (FCC) approved the use of 3.1-10.6 GHz band for unlicensed UWB applications. UWB is a suitable choice for sensing and position objects because of high bandwidth and fine time resolution.

The goal of this work is to explore the UWB technology in context of distance measurement between two nodes. We have described the characterization; reliability and ranging precision of an impulse UWB based transceiver for both indoor and outdoor environments. This thesis discuss in detail about UWB technology. Chapter 1 discusses about UWB applications, regulation and bandwidth properties. Chapter 2 and 3 discuss about single band and multi band modulation and detection techniques. Chapter 4 gives a complete description how to measure position through ranging and positioning parameters. Finally, to estimate the ranging and positioning, a two way ranging algorithm based on TOA employed as part of this work is described in detail in chapter 5. A theoretical analysis of impulse UWB radio for wireless communication and ranging is provided employing the Shannon Hartley theorem and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) method.