Chapter 3 assesses the literature and a set of cases on how transformative change occurs. Based on this assessment, it identifies six broad approaches to transformative change and synthesizes key insights for achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity and global sustainability. In combination, these six approaches can promote, accelerate and scale transformative change for global sustainability in diverse contexts. Chapter 3 recognizes that transformative change takes place in a complex world and that navigating such change calls for adaptability, agility, transparency, continuous monitoring, evaluation and adaptive learning across multiple scales. Other elements for navigating transformative change are delineated by the findings of the assessment below.