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Gender (in)equality in nordic ambulance services: do ambulances have glass ceilings?
Graduate School and Research, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing. Division of Ambulance Service, Region Västerbotten, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1386-3203
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department for Prehospital Work, Oslo Metropolitan University - OsloMet, Oslo, Norway.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department for Prehospital Work, Oslo Metropolitan University - OsloMet, Oslo, Norway.
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2025 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, E-ISSN 1757-7241, Vol. 33, no 1, article id 45Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Political efforts in the Nordic countries aim to promote gender equality. However, an assumption is that patriarchal structures remain embedded in EMS organizations, often leading to a ‘glass ceiling’ effect for women. The Emergency Medical Services (EMS), generally positioned at the intersection of safety authorities and healthcare, operates within environments often shaped by masculine values and norms. Concurrently, the service also connects strongly to compassion, caring and nursing, which have been historically female-dominant professions and working environments. In recent decades, more females have entered the EMS. Despite the growing number of female paramedics, challenges persist, particularly in relation to gender inequality and workplace culture. Females in EMS field continue to face gender stereotypes, which may contribute to inequality. Gender stereotypes, combined with research describing sexual harassment and bias, underscore the need for further discussions and research on the impact of gender on paramedic work environments and career pathways for women working in the service.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2025. Vol. 33, no 1, article id 45
National Category
Gender Studies
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URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-237152DOI: 10.1186/s13049-025-01358-7ISI: 001446796200002PubMedID: 40098194Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105000473375OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-237152DiVA, id: diva2:1952274
Available from: 2025-04-15 Created: 2025-04-15 Last updated: 2025-04-15Bibliographically approved

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