This thesis explores the impact of governance practices by extremist groups - Specifically ISIS in Syria (2014-2017) and the Taliban in Afghanistan (post-2021) - on women's reproductive rights in politically fragile contexts. Using a qualitative research approach and Mill's Method of Difference, the study highlights how both groups enforce strict interpretations of religious law that deeply restrict women's autonomy and access to reproductive healthcare. The findings show that while both groups impose severe limitations on women's reproductive rights, the nature and scope of these restrictions vary according to their governance strategies and socio-political contexts. This research emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the unique challenges faced by women under extremist rule and contributes to the broader discussion on gender equality and governance in conflict-affected regions. By examining how radical ideologies shape women's rights, the thesis advocates for stronger efforts to protect reproductive rights as essential to women's health, dignity, and societal participation in areas of instability and conflict.