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Avatars' phygital social presence in the metaverse: an engaged theory perspective
Henry Y. Hwang Dean and Full of Marketing, Drucker School of Management, Claremont Graduate University, CA, United States.
Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Business Administration. Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Malaysia; Department of Marketing, Vilnius University, Lithuania; Department of Business Administration, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; Department of Marketing Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1282-0319
Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Henley Business School, University of Reading, Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom.
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2025 (English)In: Psychology & Marketing, ISSN 0742-6046, E-ISSN 1520-6793Article, review/survey (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

While prior authors have explored the notions of human and/or automated social presence, these concepts have been predominantly assessed either individually or as mutually exclusive theoretical entities. However, we draw on engaged theory to develop the hybrid concept of phygital social presence that comprises aspects of both the human and automated social presence of metaverse avatars. We define phygital social presence as the degree to which a metaverse avatar instils the feeling in other users that they are in the company of a social entity, as elicited by the avatar's (a) human social presence (i.e., the actions taken by its human user, in line with engaged theory's “ways of acting”), and (b) automated social presence (i.e., the avatar's embodiment or its appearance, look, design, and the character that these emit, in line with engaged theory's “ways of being”). We next propose a conceptual framework and a set of propositions, which suggest that metaverse avatars' (a) human social presence primarily impacts metaverse users' positive or negative behavioral engagement in the metaverse, and (b) automated social presence chiefly influences users' positive or negative cognitive and emotional engagement. Moreover, an avatar's ways of relating, as also informed by engaged theory, primarily impact users' positive or negative social engagement.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2025.
Keywords [en]
automated social presence, avatars, engaged theory, engagement, human social presence, metaverse, phygital, social presence
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-237221DOI: 10.1002/mar.22191ISI: 001418975700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105001110822OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-237221DiVA, id: diva2:1949771
Available from: 2025-04-03 Created: 2025-04-03 Last updated: 2025-04-03

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