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Lärares och elevers erfarenheter av grupparbetsbedömning i gymnasieskolan: Möjligheter, utmaningar samt konsekvenser för validitet, reliabilitet och rättvisa
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education, Teaching and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
2025 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Teachers' and students' experiences of group work assessment in upper secondary school (English)
Abstract [en]

This thesis aims to explore upper secondary school teachers’ and students’ experiences of opportunities and challenges in group work assessment and the consequences that group work assessment entails on the quality of assessment in terms of validity, reliability and fairness. In the thesis, there is a particular interest in how teachers can collect evidence for summative assessment of students’ individual knowledge developed through group work. This thesis is based on a qualitative research approach. The empirical data in the first sub-study, a systematic literature review, consists of 83 peer-reviewed publications. The second sub-study is based on empirical data from semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 interviews with teachers were conducted, before and after fulfilling a group work assignment. The third sub-study is based on empirical data from 33 focus group interviews with 129 upper secondary school students. The fourth sub-study is based on empirical data from 23 video observations of cross-group presentations where 128 students carried out individual presentations of a previous group work on linguistic variations. In addition to the video observations, six of the interviews from the second sub-study were also used. Thematic analysis was used as an analytical method in all four empirical sub-studies. The results of the thesis show how group work assessment differs from assessment in a general sense in that, for example, group work assessment can be carried out on several levels. Based on upper secondary school teachers’ and upper secondary school students’ experiences of group work assessment, the thesis shows several opportunities and challenges. Teachers find it challenging to discern and assess students’ individual knowledge in group work. Group work assessment at group level has consequences on the validity and reliability of the assessment and is linked by both teachers and students to unfairness. Students experience unfairness in group work assessment as everyone contributes differently but receives the same assessment. The thesis shows an opportunity to use individual cross-group presentations to collect evidence to assess students’ individual knowledge. At the same time, teachers experience challenges with the method, such as giving time for presentations and assessing script-bound students. A conclusion is that the challenges can be prevented by teachers being active when collecting evidence from cross-group presentations by asking questions and interacting with the students. In this way, teachers can collect broader evidence that speaks for a more valid, reliable and fair individual group work assessment of students’ knowledge.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska gymnasielärares och elevers erfarenheter av möjligheter och utmaningar vid grupparbetsbedömning samt de konsekvenser som grupparbetsbedömning medför på kvalitet i bedömning avseende validitet, reliabilitet och rättvisa. I avhandlingen finns ett särskilt intresse för hur lärare kan samla underlag för summativ bedömning av elevers individuella kunskaper utvecklade vid grupparbete. Avhandlingen är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Empirin i den första delstudien, en systematisk litteraturstudie, består av 83 referentgranskade publikationer. Den andra delstudien baseras på empiri från halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt genomfördes 12 intervjuer med lärare, både före och efter att en grupparbetsuppgift hade genomförts. Den tredje delstudien baseras på empiri från 33 fokusgruppsintervjuer med 129 gymnasieelever. Den fjärde delstudien baseras på empiri från 23 videoobservationer av tvärgruppspresentationer där 128 elever genomförde individuella presentationer utifrån ett grupparbete om språkliga variationer. Utöver videoobservationerna användes även sex av intervjuerna från den andra delstudien. Tematisk analys användes som analysmetod i samtliga fyra empiriska delstudier. Avhandlingens resultat visar hur grupparbetsbedömning skiljer sig från bedömning i generell bemärkelse genom att exempelvis grupparbetsbedömning kan genomföras på flera nivåer. Utifrån gymnasielärares och gymnasieelevers erfarenheter av grupparbetsbedömning visar avhandlingen på flera möjligheter och utmaningar. Lärare upplever det som utmanande att särskilja och bedöma elevers individuella kunskaper utvecklade vid grupparbete. Grupparbetsbedömning på gruppnivå medför konsekvenser på bedömningens validitet och reliabilitet samt kopplas av både lärare och elever till orättvisa. Elever upplever orättvisa vid grupparbetsbedömning då alla bidrar olika men får samma bedömning. Avhandlingen visar på en möjlighet att använda individuella tvärgruppspresentationer som ett sätt att samla in underlag för att bedöma elevers individuella kunskaper. Samtidigt upplever lärare utmaningar med metoden som att ge tid till presentationerna och att bedöma manusbundna elever. En slutsats är att utmaningarna kan stävjas genom att lärare är aktiva i att skapa sitt bedömningsunderlag vid tvärgruppspresentationerna genom att ställa frågor och interagera med eleverna. På så vis kan lärare skapa ett bredare underlag som talar för en mer valid, reliabel och rättvis individuell grupparbetsbedömning av elevers kunskaper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. , p. 147
Series
Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 263
Keywords [en]
Group work assessment, Group work, Assessment, Validity, Reliability, Fairness, Oral cross-group presentation, Thematic analysis
Keywords [sv]
Grupparbetsbedömning, Grupparbete, Bedömning, Validitet, Reliabilitet, Rättvisa, Muntlig tvärgruppspresentation, Tematisk analys
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212622DOI: 10.3384/9789181180640ISBN: 9789181180633 (print)ISBN: 9789181180640 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-212622DiVA, id: diva2:1947361
Public defence
2025-04-25, I:101, Hus I:1, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-03-25 Created: 2025-03-25 Last updated: 2025-03-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Group Work Assessment: Assessing Social Skills at Group Level
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Group Work Assessment: Assessing Social Skills at Group Level
2020 (English)In: Small Group Research, ISSN 1046-4964, E-ISSN 1552-8278, Vol. 51, no 1, p. 87-124Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Group work assessment is often described by teachers as complex and challenging, with individual assessment and fair assessment emerging as dilemmas. The aim of this literature review is to explore and systematize research about group work assessment in educational settings. This is an integrated research area consisting of research combining group work and classroom assessment. A database search was conducted, inspired by the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The analysis and categorization evolved into a typology consisting of five themes: (a) purpose of group work assessment, (b) what is assessed in group work, (c) methods for group work assessment, (d) effects and consequences of group work assessment, and (e) quality in group work assessment. The findings reveal that research in the field of group work assessment notably focuses on social skills and group processes. Peer assessment plays a prominent role and teachers as assessors are surprising absences in the reviewed research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2020
Keywords
group work, assessment, systematic review, group work assessment, education
National Category
Pedagogy Sociology (Excluding Social Work, Social Anthropology, Demography and Criminology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161030 (URN)10.1177/1046496419878269 (DOI)000492259900001 ()
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Note

Funding agencies: Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [VR 721 2012-5476]

Available from: 2019-10-17 Created: 2019-10-17 Last updated: 2025-03-25Bibliographically approved
2. Teachers’ perceived challenges in group work assessment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Teachers’ perceived challenges in group work assessment
2021 (English)In: Cogent Education, E-ISSN 2331-186X, Vol. 8, no 1, article id 1886474Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Group work assessment is a challenging and complex practice for teachers. This study focuses on the challenges teachers perceive before and after participating in a group work assessment project that emphasizes individual assessment. By conducting a qualitative thematic analysis of twelve interviews with six teachers at upper secondary schools in Sweden, several challenges could be identified. The most prominent challenge concerning group work assessment is how to discern students’ individual performance within groups. This challenge has consequences for both the validity and the fairness of the assessment. Further, teachers experienced challenges with (un)fairness in group work assessment, in terms of both achieving fairness and having to deal with students’ emotions regarding perceived unfairness. The results also show how teachers perceive inadequate conditions, such as a lack of time and methods, and generate challenges in their practice, which is also related to reliability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2021
Keywords
Group work assessment; challenges; intergroup presentations; quality in assessment
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173332 (URN)10.1080/2331186X.2021.1886474 (DOI)000618272300001 ()
Funder
Swedish Research Council, VR 721 2012-5476
Note

Funding agencies: Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [VR 721 2012-5476]

Available from: 2021-02-16 Created: 2021-02-16 Last updated: 2025-03-25
3. Upper secondary school students’ perspectives on un/fairness in group work assessment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Upper secondary school students’ perspectives on un/fairness in group work assessment
2025 (English)In: Research Papers in Education, ISSN 0267-1522, E-ISSN 1470-1146, Vol. 40, no 2, p. 259-280Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Students' perspectives of un/fairness in group work assessment are known to be related to the issues of varied contributions in group work and how to discern each student's contribution or knowledge from the group's joint work. Students' perceptions of un/fairness in group work assessment are important since it relates to their motivation. This study aims to investigate upper secondary students' perspectives on un/fairness in group work assessment. In the study, 129 upper secondary school students in Sweden between the ages of 15 and 16 years participated. The students were interviewed in 33 focus groups. The interviews were thematically analysed. The study's findings illustrate how ambition, motivation and friendship relations in groups may vary and cause what students perceive as unfairness. Varied ambitions and motivations among group members also appear to breed situations where group members' contributions to group work may vary, which also is perceived by students as unfair. Other factors that can contribute to a perception of unfairness are when knowledge levels vary among group members or friendship relations. How un/fairness is perceived also depends on the level at which the assessment is implemented, group or individual level. The greatest experience of unfairness is generated by implementing group assessment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2025
Keywords
Group work assessment; fairness; unfairness; upper secondary school; students' perspectives
National Category
Pedagogy Didactics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206097 (URN)10.1080/02671522.2024.2378429 (DOI)001271099700001 ()
Funder
Swedish Research Council, VR 721 2012-5476Swedish Research Council
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [VR 721 2012-5476]

Available from: 2024-08-05 Created: 2024-08-05 Last updated: 2025-04-10

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  • Other locale
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Output format
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