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A multilevel analysis on the predictors of client satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopian service provision assessment (ESPA) 2021/22
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6206-3099
2025 (English)In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2463215Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Ethiopia has experienced growth in the utilization of family planning services. However, there are reports of relatively low client satisfaction across the country.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess client and facility level predictors of satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia.

Method: A multi-level mixed effects logistic regression analysis was conducted on a national survey obtained from the service provision assessment 2021–22. A total of 2071 clients (level one) and 529 facilities (level two) were included.

Results: Overall, 56% of clients were highly satisfied with the family planning service they received. Findings from the random effects of the multilevel analysis show there is a significant difference in client satisfaction between facilities, with an intra-class correlation of 0.56 in the null model. At the client-level, age above 30, auditory privacy, and discussion on side effects are significantly associated with higher client satisfaction. At the facility level, having a waiting area, facilities with a quality unit and/or committee, a DHIS2 reporting system, operating for more than 20 days a month, privately owned facilities and availability of family planning guidelines are associated with higher odds of being satisfied. On the other hand, at the client level, having a primary or higher education, increasing wait time and clients asking their providers questions are associated with lower odds of being satisfied. At the facility level, having a fixed user fee significantly reduces the odds of client satisfaction.

Conclusions: Human resource and professional development training and health system strengthening is recommended.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2025. Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2463215
Keywords [en]
Client satisfaction, contraceptive use, Ethiopia, family planning, health systems, multilevel analysis, quality of care
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-235994DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2025.2463215ISI: 001420144300001PubMedID: 39943854Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85218019586OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-235994DiVA, id: diva2:1945227
Funder
Swedish InstituteAvailable from: 2025-03-18 Created: 2025-03-18 Last updated: 2025-03-18Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

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Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
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  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
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  • en-US
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  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
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  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
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  • asciidoc
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