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Statistical analysis of the morphology of magnetic holes in the solar wind at 1 AU
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8384-8290
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1270-1616
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0673-2264
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5680-0109
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361130OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-361130DiVA, id: diva2:1943968
Note

QC 20250312

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Multipoint measurements of solar wind magnetic holes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multipoint measurements of solar wind magnetic holes
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Magnetic holes (MH) are localized depressions of the magnetic field. They are found in various plasma environments, most commonly in the solar wind. The magnetic field direction sometimes varies across the hole, and it is common to divide MH into two categories, linear and rotational, where the first shows little to no rotation of the field. Linear MH are often in pressure balance with the surrounding plasma and can survive for long periods. It is unknown exactly where and how they are formed, but there is strong evidence that they are related to the mirror instability and waves associated with this instability. Rotational MH, on the other hand, appear as current sheet-like structures and are suggested to be related to magnetic reconnection or possibly in connection with wave activity. Both linear and rotational MH have similar properties, such as magnetic field magnitude and temporal scales. In this thesis, we use the Cluster mission, which has four spacecraft moving closely together providing multipoint measurements, to understand the phenomenon of magnetic holes better. Cluster provides over 20 years of data, with varying spacecraft spacing. Sometimes, the spacing of the satellites is such that one satellite is located in the solar wind while another is in the magnetosheath. In these instances, we have identified the same MH in the solar wind and later in the magnetosheath, suggesting they can cross the bowshock (Paper I). Using the Cluster database, we have identified times when the same MH was observed with all four spacecraft. Applying a timing analysis on a subset of these, we have derived their velocity, and conclude that they are convected with the solar wind speed (Paper II). When the same MH is observed by all four satellites in the solar wind, based on the spacecraft separation, one has four measuring points separated by distances comparable to the size of the MH. These observations can be combined with a local coordinate transformation and a model to estimate the scales of the MH and derive information about the three-dimensional morphology of MH (PaperIII). A large number of events were identified, and the results were combined to provide a statistical analysis of the morphology of solar wind magneticholes (Paper IV).

Abstract [sv]

Magnetiska hål (MH) är lokaliserade reduktioner av magnetfältet. De finns i olika plasmamiljöer, oftast i solvinden. Det magnetiska fältets riktning varierar ibland över hålet, och det är vanligt att dela in MH i två kategorier, linjära och roterande, där den första visar liten eller ingen rotation av fältet. Linjära MH är ofta i tryckbalans med omgivande plasma och kan överleva under långa perioder. Det är okänt exakt var och hur de bildas, men det finns starka bevis för att de är relaterade till spegelinstabiliteten och vågor associerade med denna instabilitet. Roterande MH, å andra sidan, uppträder som strömskiktliknande strukturer och föreslås vara relaterade till magnetisk omkoppling eller möjligen till vågaktivitet. Både linjära och roterande MH har liknande egenskaper, såsom magnetfältets styrka och tidsskalor. I den här avhandlingen använder vi Cluster-missionen, som har fyra satelliter som rör sig tätt tillsammans och ger flerpunktsmätningar, för att förstå fenomenet magnetiska hål bättre. Cluster tillhandahåller över 20 års data, med varierande avstånd mellan satelliterna. Ibland är avståndet mellan satelliterna sådan att den ena satelliten befinner sig i solvinden medan en andra är i magnetoskiktet. I dessa fall har vi identifierat samma MH i solvinden och senare i magnetoskiktet, vilket tyder på att de kan korsa bogchocken (PaperI). Med hjälp av Cluster-databasen har vi identifierat tillfällen då samma MH observerades med alla fyra satelliter. Genom att tillämpa en tidsanalys på en delmängd av dessa har vi härlett deras hastighet och drar slutsatsen att de konvekteras med solvindens hastighet (Paper II). När samma MH observeras av alla fyra satelliterna i solvinden, baserat på rymdfarkostens separation, har man fyra mätpunkter åtskilda av avstånd jämförbara med storleken på MH. Dessa observationer kan kombineras med en lokal koordinattransformation och en modell för att uppskatta skalstorlekarna för MH och härleda information om MH tredimensionella morfologi (Paper III). Ett stort antal händelser identifierades, och resultaten kombinerades för att ge en statistisk analys av morfologin för solvindens magnetiska hål (Paper IV).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. vi, 59
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:32
Keywords
solar wind, plasma, magnetic holes, multipoint measurements, Cluster satellites, solvinden, plasma, magnetiska hål, flerpunktsmätningar, Cluster-missionen
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361132 (URN)978-91-8106-223-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-04-03, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66900145957, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish National Space Board, 190/19
Note

QC 20250312

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-25Bibliographically approved

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