The Transfer Line Balancing Problem (TLBP) is characterized as the challenge of optimally distributing tasks across various workstations in an automated machining line to ensure its maximum efficiency. This problem holds pivotal importance for industries reliant on high-volume production, such as the automotive and aerospace sectors, where it directly influences the overall productivity and cost efficiency of the manufacturing process. TLBP has been studied for over two decades, and many problem variants and solution approaches have been devised to address real-world challenges. Despite the long history of the topic, no review study exists to shed light on its past, current, and future developments. This study conducted a systematic literature review on TLBP to identify and address the research gaps, focusing on classifying existing studies. A tuple notation classification framework has been introduced to organize TLBP research based on system configuration, problem characteristics, and optimization objectives. This framework offers a structured overview of the field, clarifying the current state of research and highlighting prospective research pathways. Consequently, this review study establishes itself as a foundational guide for academics and industry professionals interested in TLBP studies.