Broadband multi-wavelength properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT campaign including a very high energy flaring episode

Algaba, J. C.; Balokovic, M.; Chandra, S.; Cheong, W. -Y; Cui, Y. -Z; D'Ammando, F.; Falcone, A. D.; Ford, N. M.; Giroletti, M.; Goddi, C.; Gurwell, M. A.; Hada, K.; Haggard, D.; Jorstad, S.; Kaur, A.; Kawashima, T.; Kerby, S.; Kim, J. -Y; Kino, M.; Kravchenko, E. V.; Lee, S. -S; Lu, R. -S; Markoff, S.; Michail, J.; Neilsen, J.; Nowak, M. A.; Principe, G.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Ripperda, B.; Sasada, M.; Savchenko, S. S.; Sheridan, C.; Akiyama, K.; Alberdi, A.; Alef, W.; Anantua, R.; Asada, K.; Azulay, R.; Bach, U.; Baczko, A. -K; Ball, D.; Bandyopadhyay, B.; Barrett, J.; Bauboeck, M.; Benson, B. A.; Bintley, D.; Lackburn, L.; Blundell, R.; Bouman, K. L.; Bower, G. C.; Boyce, H.; Bremer, M.; Brissenden, R.; Britzen, S.; Broderick, A. E.; Broguiere, D.; Bronzwaer, T.; Bustamante, S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chael, A.; Chan, C. -k.; Chang, D. O.; Chatterjee, K.; Chatterjee, S.; Chen, M. -T; Chen, Y.; Cheng, X.; Cho, I.; Christian, P.; Conroy, N. S.; Conway, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crew, G. B.; Cruz-Osorio, A.; Dahale, R.; Davelaar, J.; De Laurentis, M.; Deane, R.; Dempsey, J.; Desvignes, G.; Dexter, J.; Dhruv, V.; Dihingia, I. K.; Doeleman, S. S.; Dzib, S. A.; Eatough, R. P.; Emami, R.; Falcke, H.; Farah, J.; Fish, V. L.; Fomalont, E.; Ford, H. A.; Foschi, M.; Fraga-Encinas, R.; Freeman, W. T.; Friberg, P.; Fromm, C. M.; Fuentes, A.; Galison, P.; Gammie, C. F.; Garcia, R.; Gentaz, O.; Georgiev, B.; Gold, R.; Gomez-Ruiz, A. I.; Gomez, J. L.; Gu, M.; Hesper, R.; Heumann, D.; Ho, L. C.; Ho, P.; Honma, M.; Huang, C. -WL.; Huang, L.; Hughes, D. H.; Ikeda, S.; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Inoue, M.; Issaoun, S.; James, D. J.; Jannuzi, B. T.; Janssen, M.; Jeter, B.; Jiang, W.; Jimenez-Rosales, A.; Johnson, M. D.; Jones, A. C.; Joshi, A. V.; Jung, T.; Karuppusamy, R.; Keating, G. K.; Kettenis, M.; Kim, D. -J; Kim, J.; Koay, J. Y.; Kocherlakota, P.; Kofuji, Y.; Koch, P. M.; Koyama, S.; Kramer, C.; Kramer, J. A.; Kramer, M.; Krichbaum, T. 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Broadband multi-wavelength properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT campaign including a very high energy flaring episode

Algaba, J. C.

Univ Malaya, Malaysia.

Balokovic, M.

Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, USA;Yale Univ, USA.

Chandra, S.

North West Univ, South Africa;Phys Res Lab, India.

Cheong, W. -Y

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, South Korea;University of Science and Technology, South Korea.

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2024 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 692, article id A140Article in journal (Refereed) Published

Abstract [en]

Context. The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. Aims. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. Methods. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conducted phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. Results. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV more than doubled within a period of approximate to 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Conclusions. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and it emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages

EDP Sciences, 2024. Vol. 692, article id A140

Keywords [en]

galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: M 87, galaxies: jets, galaxies: nuclei

National Category

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Research subject

Physics, Astroparticle Physics

Identifiers

URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-136893DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450497ISI: 001406602800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85216358290OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-136893DiVA, id: diva2:1938598

Available from: 2025-02-18 Created: 2025-02-18 Last updated: 2025-03-13Bibliographically approved

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