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Exploring the relationship between depressive symptoms, problematic smartphone use, and cumulative risk factors in nursing students: A cross sectional study
Anhui Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, Peoples R China..
Jönköping Univ, Sch Hlth & Welf, CHILD, Jönköping, Sweden..
Anhui Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal Child & Adolescent Hlth, 81 Mei Shan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, Peoples R China..
Anhui Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, 678 Fu Rong Rd, Hefei 230601, Anhui, Peoples R China..
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2024 (English)In: Acta Psychologica, ISSN 0001-6918, E-ISSN 1873-6297, Vol. 249, article id 104430Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

No single risk factor is decisive in shaping an individual's healthy development. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and a cumulative risk index comprising individual, family, and social variables among nursing students.

Methods

We enrolled 1716 Chinese nursing students from three universities in a paperless survey that assessed a range of individual, family, and social risk factors associated with depressive symptoms. Multiple risk analysis was conducted to create a composite risk score for each individual. A test for trend was employed to assess the relationship between the multiple risk classification and depressive symptoms individually. Additionally, a 2-step cluster analysis and χ2 tests were used to examine the relationship between the different clusters and the level of depressive symptoms.

Results

The mean scores of depressive symptoms increased significantly as the number of risk factors increased, regardless of their combination. As the number of risk factors increased, the proportion of nursing students in the normal group decreased, while the proportion in the group with depressive symptoms of varying severity tended to increase (P < 0.001). A high-risk cluster characterized by poor sleep quality combined with problematic smartphone use was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Based on these findings that cumulative exposure to multiple risk factors is more harmful than cumulative exposure to fewer risk factors, then interventions that isolate only one risk factor are less likely to be effective than those that are multifaceted.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 249, article id 104430
Keywords [en]
Cumulative risk factors, Depressive symptoms, Cluster analysis, Nursing students
National Category
Nursing Psychiatry Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-538434DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104430ISI: 001302144100001PubMedID: 39178496Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85201760129OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-538434DiVA, id: diva2:1898148
Available from: 2024-09-16 Created: 2024-09-16 Last updated: 2025-06-16Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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