Thesis studies the barriers and challenges faced by peacebuilding personnel operating the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) from 2020 to 2023. The thesis studies the impact of armed groups on the safety, operational effectiveness, and strategic decision-making processes of these actors. The thesis is important as it identifies significant risks and operational challenges posed by armed groups, aiding in better risk management and access strategies. Grounding the research in ethical frameworks like conflict sensitivity and the Do No Harm approach gives perspective on how to minimize negative impacts and promote sustainable peace.

The case study of MINUSMA highlights the significant role of local community engagement, coordination with external actors, and capacity-building initiatives. In analyzing documents, these theses use a descriptive literature review and a narrative perspective. The findings reveal that the presence of armed groups significantly complicates the operational environment. Issues such as security risks, access restrictions, and the need for constant negotiation with local actors are highlighted. Key findings demonstrate that understanding local dynamics, fostering community-centered peacekeeping, and leveraging technology for situational awareness are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness and safety of humanitarian missions.

The conclusion highlights the double nexus between humanitarian efforts and peacebuilding initiatives. And addressing the immediate humanitarian needs while promoting conditions for sustainable peace requires a holistic and adaptive approach. The study provides recommendations for improving the integration of humanitarian and peacekeeping efforts, emphasizing the need for flexible, context-specific strategies that prioritize local engagement and capacity building.