Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Macroscopic models of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology. (Cell Technology Group)
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Biopharmaceuticals treat a range of diseases, and is a growing sector within the pharmaceutical industry. A majority of these complex molecules are produced by genetically modified mammalian cells in large-scale cell cultures. Biopharmaceutical process development is costly and labor intensive, and has often been based on time-consuming empirical methods and trial-and-error. Mathematical modeling has great potential to speed up this work. A central question however, engaging researchers from various fields, is how to translate these complex biological systems into feasible and useful models.

For biopharmaceutical production, macroscopic kinetic flux modeling has been proposed. This model type is derived from typical data obtained in the industry, and has been able to simulate cell growth and the uptake/secretion of important metabolites. Often, however, their scope is limited to specific culture conditions due to e.g. the lack of information on reaction kinetics, limited data sets, and simplifications to achieve calculability.

In this thesis, the macroscopic kinetic model type is the starting point, but the goal is to capture a variety of culture conditions, as will be necessary for future applications in process optimization. The effects of varied availability of amino acids in the culture medium on cell growth, uptake/secretion of metabolites, and product secretion were studied in cell cultures.

In Paper I, the established methodology of Metatool was tested: (i) a simplified metabolic network of approx. 30 reactions was defined; (ii) all possible so-called elementary flux modes (EFMs) through the network were identified using an established mathematical algorithm; and (iii) the effect on each flux was modelled by a simplified generalized kinetic equation. A limitation was identified; the Metatool algorithm could only handle simple networks, and therefore several reactions had to be discarded. In this paper, a new strategy for the kinetics was developed. A pool of alternative kinetic equations was created, from which a smaller set could be given higher weight as determined via data-fitting. This improved the simulations.

The identification of EFMs was further studied in papers II–IV. In Paper II, a new algorithm was developed based on the column generation optimization technique, that in addition to the network also accounts for the data from one of the parallel cultures. The method identifies a subset of the EFMs that can optimally fit the data, even in more complex metabolic networks.

In Paper III, a kinetic model based on EFM subsets in a 100 reaction network was generated, which further improved the simulations. Finally, in Paper IV, the algorithm was extended to EFM identification in a genome-scale network. Despite the high complexity, small subsets of EFMs relevant to the experimental data could be e ciently identified.

Abstract [sv]

Bioläkemedel används vid behandling av en rad olika sjukdomar och utgör därför en växande sektor inom läkemedelsbranschen. Majoriteten av dessa läkemedel produceras via storskalig cellodling av genetiskt modifierade mammalieceller. Processutvecklingen är dyr och arbetskrävande, och baseras vanligtvis på empirisk erfarenhet och trial-and-error. Matematiska modeller har stor potential för att effektivisera arbetet. En central fråga är dock hur man ska kunna översätta ett så pass komplext biologiskt system till en genomförbar och användbar modell.

För bioläkemedelsproduktion har s. k. makroskopisk kinetisk flödes- modellering föreslagits. Modelltypen bygger på den typ av data som tas fram inom industrin och modellerna har visats kunna simulera celltillväxten, samt cellernas upptag och utsöndring av viktiga metaboliter. Dock är tillämpnings- området ofta begränsat till specifika odlingsvillkor, delvis p.g.a. kunskapsbrist gällande reaktionskinetiken, begränsad tillgång till odlingsdata, samt behovet av beräkningsmässiga förenklingar.

Denna avhandling tar avstamp i makroskopisk kinetisk modellering, men här med målet att fånga upp de mer varierade odlingsvillkor som behövs för att kunna optimera processer. En cellinje studerades först i parallella odlingar med varierad tillgång på aminosyror. Påverkan på tillväxt, upptag/utsöndring av metaboliter och läkemedelsproduktion registrerades.

I artikel I prövades metodiken etablerad i tidigare studier: (i) ett förenklat metaboliskt flödesnätverk om cirka 30–40 reaktioner togs fram; (ii) samtliga s.k. elementära flöden genom nätverket identifierades med en etablerad matematisk algoritm; (iii) påverkan på varje flöde beskrevs av en förenklad och allmän kinetisk ekvation. Dels klarade algoritmen endast mycket förenkla- de nätverk och ett flertal reaktioner kunde därför inte tas med, dels var den kinetiska ekvationen alltför begränsad för att kunna simulera många av flödes- förändringarna i datan. Därför togs en ny strategi för kinetiken fram i artikel I. En pool av alternativa ekvationer skapades, varifrån ett mindre antal kunde ges större vikt via dataanpassning. Detta förbättrade simuleringsresultaten.

Identifieringen av elementära flöden studerades sedan i artiklarna II–IV. I II togs en ny algoritm fram, baserad på en optimeringsteknik kallad kolumngenerering. Algoritmen identifierar en delmängd av de elementära flödena genom ett givet nätverk, med målet att uppnå optimal dataanpassning för en enskild odling. Detta visade sig vara effektivt även för mer komplexa nätverk. I III tillämpades metoden för att simulera samtliga odlingar tillsammans i en enda modell. Den kinetiska modellen kunde nu baserades på en delmängd av flödena i ett stort nätverk om cirka 100 reaktioner, vilket förbättrade simuleringsresultaten ytterligare. I IV, utvidgades till sist den nya algoritmen för identifiering i en genomskalig modell. Trots den höga nivån av komplexitet kunde små delmängder av elementära flöden effektivt tas fram.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2019. , p. 145
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2019:45
Keywords [en]
Chinese hamster ovary, Amino acid, Metabolic network, Metabolic flux analysis, Kinetic modeling, Elementary flux mode, Optimization, Column generation
National Category
Industrial Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262850ISBN: 978-91-7873-315-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-262850DiVA, id: diva2:1362872
Public defence
2019-11-13, FB54, Albanova universitetscentrum, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova
Note

QC 2019-10-22

Available from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-21 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Poly-pathway model, a novel approach to simulate multiple metabolic states by reaction network-based model-Application to amino acid depletion in CHO cell culture
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Poly-pathway model, a novel approach to simulate multiple metabolic states by reaction network-based model-Application to amino acid depletion in CHO cell culture
Show others...
2017 (English)In: Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0168-1656, E-ISSN 1873-4863, Vol. 259, p. 235-247Article in journal (Refereed) Published
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216607 (URN)10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.026 (DOI)000412035000034 ()28689014 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85023742369 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20171110

Available from: 2017-11-10 Created: 2017-11-10 Last updated: 2024-04-04Bibliographically approved
2. On dynamically generating relevant elementary flux modes in a metabolic network using optimization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On dynamically generating relevant elementary flux modes in a metabolic network using optimization
2014 (English)In: Journal of Mathematical Biology, ISSN 0303-6812, E-ISSN 1432-1416Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Elementary flux modes (EFMs) are pathways through a metabolic reaction network that connect external substrates to products. Using EFMs, a metabolic network can be transformed into its macroscopic counterpart, in which the internal metabolites have been eliminated and only external metabolites remain. In EFMs-based metabolic flux analysis (MFA) experimentally determined external fluxes are used to estimate the flux of each EFM. It is in general prohibitive to enumerate all EFMs for complex networks, since the number of EFMs increases rapidly with network complexity. In this work we present an optimization-based method that dynamically generates a subset of EFMs and solves the EFMs-based MFA problem simultaneously. The obtained subset contains EFMs that contribute to the optimal solution of the EFMs-based MFA problem. The usefulness of our method was examined in a case-study using data from a Chinese hamster ovary cell culture and two networks of varied complexity. It was demonstrated that the EFMs-based MFA problem could be solved at a low computational cost, even for the more complex network. Additionally, only a fraction of the total number of EFMs was needed to compute the optimal solution.

Keywords
Metabolic network, Optimization, Algorithm, Elementary flux mode, Metabolic flux analysis, Chinese hamster ovary cell
National Category
Mathematics
Research subject
Biotechnology; Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-165581 (URN)10.1007/s00285-014-0844-1 (DOI)000360851700006 ()25323319 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84941359801 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilVINNOVA
Note

QC 20150518

Available from: 2015-04-29 Created: 2015-04-29 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
3. Novel column generation-based optimization approach for poly-pathway kinetic model applied to CHO cell culture
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel column generation-based optimization approach for poly-pathway kinetic model applied to CHO cell culture
Show others...
2019 (English)In: Metabolic Engineering Communications, ISSN 2214-0301, Vol. 8, article id e00083Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Mathematical modelling can provide precious tools for bioprocess simulation, prediction, control and optimization of mammalian cell-based cultures. In this paper we present a novel method to generate kinetic models of such cultures, rendering complex metabolic networks in a poly-pathway kinetic model. The model is based on subsets of elementary flux modes (EFMs) to generate macro-reactions. Thanks to our column generation-based optimization algorithm, the experimental data are used to identify the EFMs, which are relevant to the data. Here the systematic enumeration of all the EFMs is eliminated and a network including a large number of reactions can be considered. In particular, the poly-pathway model can simulate multiple metabolic behaviors in response to changes in the culture conditions. We apply the method to a network of 126 metabolic reactions describing cultures of antibody-producing Chinese hamster ovary cells, and generate a poly-pathway model that simulates multiple experimental conditions obtained in response to variations in amino acid availability. A good fit between simulated and experimental data is obtained, rendering the variations in the growth, product, and metabolite uptake/secretion rates. The intracellular reaction fluxes simulated by the model are explored, linking variations in metabolic behavior to adaptations of the intracellular metabolism.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Amino acid, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Column generation, Elementary flux mode, Kinetic modelling, Metabolic flux analysis, Optimization, Poly-pathway model
National Category
Bioinformatics (Computational Biology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246415 (URN)10.1016/j.mec.2018.e00083 (DOI)2-s2.0-85061356952 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20190402

Available from: 2019-04-02 Created: 2019-04-02 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
4. Identification of experimentally relevant elementary flux mode subsets in a genome-scale metabolic network of CHO cell metabolism using column generation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Identification of experimentally relevant elementary flux mode subsets in a genome-scale metabolic network of CHO cell metabolism using column generation
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

An elementary flux mode (EFM) is a stoichiometrically balanced pathway through a metabolic network that links extracellular substrates to products. For large and complex networks, finding all such pathways is a computational challenge due to the combinatorial explosion of possible modes. Herein, we show how a new algorithm based on the column generation optimization technique can be applied to efficiently identify small sets of pathways in a genome-scale metabolic network. We examine the metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by identifying pathways that are relevant to data obtained in a pseudo-perfusion cell culture experiment. Based on the identified pathways, we examine the intracellular metabolism behind the uptake and utilization of extracellular medium components for the biomass and mAb synthesis, and the generation of extracellular metabolic by-products.

Keywords
genome-scale metabolic model, elementary flux mode, optimization, Chinese hamster ovary cell, amino acid, flux balance analysis
National Category
Industrial Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262849 (URN)
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council
Note

QC 20191022

Available from: 2019-10-21 Created: 2019-10-21 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

EH(6031 kB)1244 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 6031 kBChecksum SHA-512
c274bc4b037026544db85b228ef52730339405cade085c5b53890a67e15cb3707955c361bc0cb675626de80083754b1ea47245a3f3bdd60b2f1547bac55a9ed5
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Hagrot, Erika
By organisation
Industrial Biotechnology
Industrial Biotechnology

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 1244 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1228 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf