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The Use of High-Alloyed EAF Slag for the Neutralization of On-Site Produced Acidic Wastewater: The First Step Towards a Zero-Waste Stainless-Steel Production Process
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8452-4295
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Processing.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9775-0382
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Processing.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9801-0842
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Process Metallurgy.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3606-6146
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2019 (English)In: Applied Sciences, ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 9, no 19, article id 3974Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recycling of steelmaking slags has well-established applications, such as their use in cement, asphalt, or fertilizer industries. Although in some cases, such as the electric arc furnace (EAF) high-alloyed stainless-steel production, the slag’s high metal content prevents its use in such applications. This forces companies to accumulate it as waste. Using concepts such dematerialization, waste management, industrial symbiosis, and circular economy, the article drafts a conceptual framework on the best route to solving the landfilling issue, aiming at a zero-waste process re-design. An experimental part follows, with an investigation of the use of landfill slag as a substitute of limestone for the neutralization of acidic wastewater, produced by the rinsing of steel after the pickling process. Neutralization of acidic wastewater with both lime and slag samples was performed with two different methods. Two out of four slag samples tested proved their possible use, reaching desired pH values compared to lime neutralizations. Moreover, the clean waters resulting from the neutralizations with the use of both lime and slag were tested. In terms of hazardous element concentrations, neutralization with slag yielded similar results to lime. The results of these trials show that slag is a potential substitute of lime for the neutralization of acidic wastewater.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2019. Vol. 9, no 19, article id 3974
Keywords [en]
EAF slag; recycling; re-use; wastewater treatment; sustainable production; dematerialization; zero waste; circular economy
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260091DOI: 10.3390/app9193974ISI: 000496258100033Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85073266415OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-260091DiVA, id: diva2:1354590
Note

QC 20191001. QC 20200103

Available from: 2019-09-25 Created: 2019-09-25 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Experimental studies to overcome the recycling barriers of stainless-steel and BOF slags
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental studies to overcome the recycling barriers of stainless-steel and BOF slags
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis presents several studies aimed at improving the recycling of steel slag. The studies are based on a first evaluation of the state-of-the-art of the recycling applications both with respect to their possibilities and limitations. In addition, an analysis that highlights several properties of all kinds of ferrous slags, such as bulk chemical composition and common mineral phases, is presented to aid the discussion. Specifically, the studies presented in this thesis cover two main topics: a new recycling application for stainless-steel slags and a theoretical study on the hydration of ferropericlase, which is a mineral often present in basic oxygen furnace slags.

Most of the studies presented in this thesis focus on the exploration of a new use of stainless-steel slags, aimed at increasing their recycling rate. In fact, this kind of materials are the most problematic slags to recycle, as most are not viable for most of the state-of-the-art applications. Therefore, the potential to use them as a substitute for lime in the neutralization of acidic waste waters is investigated. The studies cover a wide range of trials, from test performed at both laboratory and industrial scale with acidic waste waters collected from stainless-steel plants, to more fundamental studies on the dissolution of slag minerals in acid environment. Overall, the substitution of lime with stainless-steel slags is proved to be successful both in terms of the obtained final pH values as well as in terms of obtaining an efficient removal of metal ions dissolved in waters.

In the last part of the thesis, a theoretical study on the hydration of ferropericlase is conducted. This study proposes a possible technical solution to reduce the volumetric expansion of steel slags, which contain high percentages of periclase. Specifically, it is seen that ferropericlase with high percentages of FeO adsorbs less water. Thus, they expand less compared to regular periclase. Therefore, the formation of such a phase during the solidification of slag can provide a higher volumetric stability, which is highly beneficial when the material later is employed in outdoors applications.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling presenterar flera studier som syftar till att förbättra återvinningen av stålslagger. Studierna är baserade på en första utvärdering av den senaste tekniken för återvinningsapplikationer både med avseende på möjligheter och begränsningar. Dessutom presenteras en studie som belyser flera egenskaper hos alla typer av järnslagger, såsom bulk-kemisk sammansättning och vanliga mineralfaser, för att underlätta diskussionen. Specifikt, så omfattar studierna som presenteras i denna avhandling två huvudämnen: en ny återvinningsapplikation för slagger från tillverkning av rostfritt stål och en teoretisk studie om hydrering av ferroperiklas, vilket är ett mineral som ofta förekommer i konverterslagger.

De flesta av de studier som presenteras i denna avhandling fokuserar på utforskningen av en ny användning av slagger från tillverkning av rostfritt stål, i syfte att undersöka hur det är möjligt att öka deras återvinningsgrad. Faktum är att denna typ av material är de mest problematiska slaggerna att återvinna, eftersom de flesta inte kan behandlas med användandet av de flesta av de senaste slaggåtervinningsteknikerna. Därför undersöks deras potential att kunna användas som ersättning för kalk vid neutralisering av surt avloppsvatten. Studierna omfattar ett brett spektrum av försök, från laboratorietester till industriella tester med surt avloppsvatten som samlats från rostfria ståltillverkningsanläggningar, till mer grundläggande studier om hur upplösning av slaggmineraler sker i en sur miljö. Sammanfattningsvis, så visar resultaten att ersättningen av kalk med slagg av rostfritt stål är framgångsrik både med avseende på att slutliga pH-värden som erhållits samt med avseende på att erhålla ett effektivt avlägsnande av metalljoner som är lösta i vatten.

I sista delen av avhandlingen så behandlas en teoretisk studie om hydrering av ferroperiklas. Denna studie föreslår en möjlig teknisk lösning för att minska den volymetriska expansionen av stålslagg som innehåller höga halter av periklas. Specifikt så visar resultaten att ferroperiklas med höga andelar FeO adsorberar mindre vatten och därför så expanderar dessa slagger mindre i jämförelse med vanlig ferroperiklas. Därför kan bildandet av en sådan fas under stelning av slagg ge en högre volymetrisk stabilitet, vilket är mycket fördelaktigt när materialet senare används i applikationer utomhus.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 105
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:1
Keywords
stainless steel, slag, recycling, sustainability
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309501 (URN)978-91-8040-123-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-03-11, Sal Sefström, Brinellvägen 23/ https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_7j8wKLOWStOF7dpspLSvWA, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Available from: 2022-03-07 Created: 2022-03-05 Last updated: 2025-03-24Bibliographically approved

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