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Bank branches and Entrepreneurship: A spatial analysis of new firm formation in Swedish regions and industries in a changing financial landscape
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Banking and Finance.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3489-217X
2019 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how bank branch closure has affected the formation of new firms and to explore the varying local relationships between the accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in 290 Swedish municipalities. In the first paper, the effect of bank branch closure is examined through spatial econometric analysis, in particular, the fixed effects and the random effects spatial panel models. The findings of the first paper show that an increase in the weighted distance to the nearest bank branches due to bank branch closure negatively affects new firm formation, based on the random effects spatial panel model. The analysis also shows that spatial effects should be included in the analysis due to spill-over effects from neighbouring municipalities. In the second paper, the varying relationships between new firm formation and its determinants in 290 Swedish municipalities are examined through Geographically weighted regression (GWR). Mostly positive relationships with new firm formation are shown for firm density, human capital level, industry diversification level and percentage of immigrants living in the area. In contrast, mostly negative relationships are shown for weighted mean distance to the nearest bank branches, establishment size, unemployment rate, industry specialization. Spatially constrained multivariate clustering is also applied to group municipalities with similar conditions. Patterns in the industry composition and the location attributes are analysed for each cluster.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera hur nedläggningen av bankkontorpåverkar frekvensen av nystartade företag och undersöker sambandet mellannystartsfrekvens och avståndet till närmaste bankkontor i Sveriges 290 kommuner.I avhandlingens första artikel studeras effekten av kontorsnedläggelse genom enrumslig ekonometrisk analys och rumsliga panel modeller. Resultaten visar att enökning av avståndet till närmaste bankkontor har en negativ påverkan pånyföretagandet. Vidare ger analysen vid handen att spatiala effekter bör inkluderasi analysen då det förekommer spill-over effekter från närliggande kommuner. Iavhandlingens andra artikel undersöks hur frekvensen av nystartade företag iSveriges 290 kommuner påverkas av ett antal olika faktorer, med hjälp av engeografiskt viktad regressionsmodell. Analysen visar att antalet befintliga företag,humankapital, näringslivets diversifiering, samt andelen invandrare, har ett positivtsamband med nystartsfrekvensen. Däremot finns det ett negativt samband mellannystartsfrekvens och avståndet till närmaste bankkontor, storleken bland debefintliga företagen, arbetslöshet och näringslivets specialisering. En multivariatklusteranalys har också genomförts där kommunerna fördelats över kluster medliknande egenskaper, där de ingående kommunerna har liknande förutsättningaroch strukturer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2019. , p. 48
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 1936
Keywords [en]
New firm formation, entrepreneurship, financing, bank branches, proximity, spatial analysis, GWR, Sweden
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Business Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259725ISBN: 978-91-7873-291-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-259725DiVA, id: diva2:1353252
Presentation
2019-10-15, Bora Bora, Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20190923

Available from: 2019-09-23 Created: 2019-09-21 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. The Effect of Bank Branch Closure on New Firm Formation: The Swedish Case
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Effect of Bank Branch Closure on New Firm Formation: The Swedish Case
2020 (English)In: The annals of regional science, ISSN 0570-1864, E-ISSN 1432-0592, Vol. 65, no 2, p. 319-350Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, the effect of local bank branch closures on new firm formation in Sweden is analysed using a panel database that captures the geographical locations of all Swedish bank branches in 2007 and 2013. The previous research has shown that the further a firm is located away from the bank, the higher the monitoring costs will be for the banks. Furthermore, an increase in the distance to the banks will also increase information asymmetry because of the banks’ eroded ability to collect and analyse soft information. Due to the high risks associated with the lack of information and uncertainty, banks might not be as willing to extend credits to a distant firm compared to a nearby firm. Using spatial econometric analysis at a municipal level, it is shown that bank proximity to firms, unemployment rate, industry structures, income growth, change in housing price and percentage of immigrants are vital for new firm formation in Sweden. From the spatial Durbin model with fixed effects, an increase in the weighted distance to the nearest bank branches is shown to affect new firm formation negatively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2020
Keywords
New firm formation · Bank Branch · Spatial analysis · Financing
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259723 (URN)10.1007/s00168-020-00986-4 (DOI)000562504200001 ()2-s2.0-85081640268 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20191111

Correction in: The annals of regional science, ISSN 0570-1864, EISSN 1432-0592, Volume 68, Issue 3, Pages 817, WOS:000710378300001, DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01083-w

Available from: 2019-09-21 Created: 2019-09-21 Last updated: 2024-01-18Bibliographically approved
2. Accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in Sweden
(English)In: Journal of regional science, ISSN 0022-4146, E-ISSN 1467-9787Article in journal (Refereed) Submitted
Abstract [en]

Drawing on location theory, the local relationships between new firm formation and its determinants are explored in 290 municipalities across Sweden. From the robust geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, mostly positive relationships with new firm formation are shown for firm density, human capital level, industry diversification level and percentage of immigrants living in the area. In contrast, mostly negative relationships are shown for weighted mean distance to the nearest bank branches, establishment size, unemployment rate, industry specialization. Spatially constrained multivariate clustering is also applied to group municipalities with similar conditions. Patterns in the industry composition and the location attributes are then analysed for each cluster.

Keywords
GWR; new firm formation; entrepreneurship; Sweden
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Business Studies; Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259724 (URN)
Note

QC 20191111

Available from: 2019-09-21 Created: 2019-09-21 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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