This thesis examines in Swedish teacher education often neglected areas to increase the understanding for the essential differences between the two sexes and furthermore: how these differences affect us from an evolutionary and biological perspective. The study investigates previous research within the area - particularly evolution, neurology, hormones and genetics that affects our behavior. It also scrutinizes theories of social construction which primarily lodged the foundation for learning within the last century and served as explanation model for how human beings turn out in life. Research is analyzed regarding how music may be perceived differently and how they may affect stereotypical choices regarding instrument and other preferences. Also, the study evaluates research regarding how the Swedish school is designed to uphold gender equality in their goals and in their national curriculum. Finally, conclusions whether the Swedish school is providing enforcement regarding scientific regulations, which the law demands from it – in this case biological factors – are being looked at.

The results show that biological differences between males and females may influence human behavior to a greater degree than earlier predictions, and that the Swedish school is mostly founded on a social constructionist point of view. These results indirectly question the Swedish National Agency for Education’s definition of equality, which paradoxical may lead to equity. Or, equality by outcome. Which do not take biological sex differences, or even individual differences into account.