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Exploring Multi-Hop LoRa for Green Smart Cities
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan.
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan.
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan.
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan.
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2020 (English)In: IEEE Network, ISSN 0890-8044, E-ISSN 1558-156X, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 225-231Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With the growing popularity of Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based smart city applications, various long-range and low-power wireless connectivity solutions are under rigorous research. LoRa is one such solution that works in the sub-GHz unlicensed spectrum and promises to provide long-range communication with minimal energy consumption. However, the conventional LoRa networks are single-hop, with the end devices connected to a central gateway through a direct link, which may be subject to large path loss and hence render low connectivity and coverage. This article motivates the use of multi-hop LoRa topologies to enable energy-efficient connectivity in smart city applications. We present a case study that experimentally evaluates and compares single-hop and multi-hop LoRa topologies in terms of range extension and energy efficiency by evaluating packet reception ratio (PRR) for various source to destination distances, spreading factors (SFs), and transmission powers. The results highlight that a multi-hop LoRa network configuration can save significant energy and enhance coverage. For instance, it is shown that to achieve a 90% PRR, a two-hop network provides 50% energy savings as compared to a single-hop network while increasing 35% coverage at a particular SF. In the end, we discuss open challenges in multi-hop LoRa deployment and optimization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE Communications Society, 2020. Vol. 34, no 2, p. 225-231
Keywords [en]
IoT, Green Communications, Smart Cities, LoRa Technology, Multi-hop Networks
National Category
Communication Systems Telecommunications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37129DOI: 10.1109/MNET.001.1900269ISI: 000555430800032Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85074482374OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-37129DiVA, id: diva2:1349001
Funder
Knowledge FoundationAvailable from: 2019-09-06 Created: 2019-09-06 Last updated: 2021-04-20Bibliographically approved

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