This thesis is an analyses of interviews and observations in the Armenian quarter of Jerusalem. It explores the identity and agency of twelve women in a patriarchal context. A context furthermore marked by religion and several conflicts. The aim is to increase knowledge about this unique environment. In order to encompass the complexity of the interplay between the individual women and the surrounding society, a combination of discourse-, structuration- and intersectional theory, has been consulted. The case study illustrates how the women’s individual agency is connected to negotiations of a Jerusalemite Armenian identity, in relation to outlook and social space. Attention is especially given to the identity markers gender, ethnicity and age. These are, together with education, career, marriage and religion, understood to influence the women’s latitude. While individual freedom is of great importance for a few, the majority direct their efforts to exercise agency to the benefits of their community.