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VOC-Induced Flexing of Single and Multilayer Polyethylene Films As Gas Sensors
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7944-4103
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0236-5420
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5454-3316
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5133-4877
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2016 (English)In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 8, no 15, p. 9946-9953Article in journal (Refereed) Published
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Text
Abstract [en]

The differential swelling and bending of multilayer polymeric films due to the dissimilar uptake of volatile organic compounds (VOCs; n-hexane, limonene) in the different layers was studied. Motions of thin polyethylene films triggered by the penetrant were investigated to learn more about how their deformation is related to VOC absorption. Single layers of metallocene or low-density polyethylene, and multilayers (2-288-layers) of these in alternating positions were considered. Single-, 24-, and 288 layer films displayed no motion when uniformly subjected to VOCs, but they could display simple curving modes when only one side of the film was wetted with a liquid VOC. Two-layer films displayed simple bending when uniformly subjected to VOCs due to the different swelling in the two layers, but when the VOC was applied to only one side of the film, more complex modes of motion as well as dynamic oscillations were observed (e.g., constant amplitude wagging at 2 Hz for ca. 50 s until all the VOC had evaporated). Diffusion modeling was used to study the transport behavior of VOCs inside the films and the different bending modes. Finally a prototype VOC sensor was developed, where the reproducible curving of the two-layer film was calibrated with n-hexane. The sensor is simple, cost-efficient, and nondestructive and requires no electricity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2016. Vol. 8, no 15, p. 9946-9953
Keywords [en]
VOC sensor, multilayer films, modeling, flexing, polyethylene
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187820DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01178ISI: 000374812000047PubMedID: 27023792Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84966293370OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-187820DiVA, id: diva2:931976
Note

QC 20211027

Available from: 2016-05-31 Created: 2016-05-30 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Interactions between polymers and the environment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interactions between polymers and the environment
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation addresses the structure and properties of a number of polymer-based materials when they come into contact with specific environments. The first part describes the migration and depletion of active substances from insecticide-impregnated polyethylene sheets in water and air at different humidity levels and higher temperatures. 

  In the second part, the structure, crystallization kinetics, and mechanical and transport properties of multilayer polymer films, consisting of metallocene (mPE) and low-density (LDPE) polyethylene layers, and in some cases also with layers of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) and a polyethylene compatibilizer were investigated. Furthermore, inhomogeneous swelling was observed in the 2-layer films containing mPE and LDPE due to differences in the uptake of n-hexane (and limonene) in the respective film layers. These differences caused a bending/curvature of the film upon exposure to the vapour. This effect was further evaluated to determine whether solvent-induced bending could be used as a passive sensor to detect the presence and content of volatile organic compounds in air (VOC). 

  The third part of this thesis describes the possibility of producing biopolymer materials based on larvae from the black soldier fly. After adding a plasticizer to the degreased larval material, protein-based biopolymer films were prepared via compression-moulding. The lipid extracted from the degreasing operation could potentially be used in various applications, such as those involving lubricants. 

  In the last part of this work the release of micro- and nano-particles were determined from a polypropylene nanoclay-composite in a commonly occurring environment for plastics (air at elevated temperature). A prototype exposure chamber was built, and a method was developed to allow aging (degradation) of the sample in this chamber and analyze the effects of aging on the sample.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling behandlar struktur och egenskaper hos ett antal polymerbaserade material i kontakt med vissa specifika miljöer. Den första delen behandlar migration och utarmning av aktiva substanser från insekticid-impregnerade polyetenplattor i vatten och luft vid olika luftfuktigheter och högre temperatur.

I den andra delen studerades strukturen, kristallisationskinetiken samt mekaniska och transportegenskaper hos flerskiktade polymerfilmer uppbyggda av metallocen-polyeten (mPE) och lågdensitetspolyeten (LDPE), och i vissa fall också med skikt av poly(etylen-co-vinylalkohol) och en polyetenkompatibilisator. Vidare observerades en inhomogen svällning i 2-skiktsfilmen med mPE och LDPE, på grund av skillnader i upptag av n-hexan (och limonen) i respektive filmskikt, vilket orsakade en böjning/krökning av filmen vid exponering för ångan. Denna effekt utvärderades ytterligare för att se om den lösningsmedelsinducerade böjningen kunde användas som en passiv sensor för att detektera närvaron och halten av flyktiga organiska föreningar i luft (VOC). 

I den tredje delen av detta arbete visades möjligheten att producera biopolymer-material baserat på larver (Svart soldatfluga). Efter tillsats av en mjukgörare till det avfettade larvmaterialet framställdes protein-baserade biopolymerfilmer genom kompressionsgjutning. Den extraherade lipiden från avfettningen kan potentiallt också användas i olika applikationer, såsom i smörjmedel. 

I den sista delen av detta arbete undersöktes frisättningen av mikro- och nanopartiklar från en nanokomposit av polypropen och nanolera i en vanlig miljö för plast (luft vid förhöjd temperatur). En prototyp-exponeringskammare konstruerades och en metodik utvecklades för att kunna åldra (bryta ned) provet i denna kammare och analysera effekten av åldrandet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 64
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 35
Keywords
Deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, polyethylene, migration, multilayer film, EVOH, n-hexane, crystallization, mechanical properties, X-ray scattering, swelling, larvae, protein, lipid, moisture sorption, release, nanoclay, polypropylene, degradation
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301255 (URN)978-91-7873-970-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-09-30, https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_QLyLOUD-SA-H4j7Gw00qfA, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2021-09-07

Available from: 2021-09-07 Created: 2021-09-06 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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