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Live Single Cell Imaging and Analysis Using Microfluidic Devices
KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Proteomik och nanobioteknologi. (Nanobiotechnology)ORCID-id: 0000-0002-8714-3797
2013 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Today many cell biological techniques study large cell populations where an average estimate of individual cells’ behavior is observed. On the other hand, single cell analysis is required for studying functional heterogeneities between cells within populations. This thesis presents work that combines the use of microfluidic devices, optical microscopy and automated image analysis to design various cell biological assays with single cell resolution including cell proliferation, clonal expansion, cell migration, cell-cell interaction and cell viability tracking. In fact, automated high throughput single cell techniques enable new studies in cell biology which are not possible with conventional techniques.

In order to automatically track dynamic behavior of single cells, we developed a microwell based device as well as a droplet microfluidic platform. These high throughput microfluidic assays allow automated time-lapse imaging of encapsulated single cells in micro droplets or confined cells inside microwells. Algorithms for automatic quantification of cells in individual microwells and micro droplets are developed and used for the analysis of cell viability and clonal expansion. The automatic counting protocols include several image analysis steps, e.g. segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The automatic quantification results were evaluated by comparing with manual counting and revealed a high success rate. In combination these automatic cell counting protocols and our microfluidic platforms can provide statistical information to better understand behavior of cells at the individual level under various conditions or treatments in vitro exemplified by the analysis of function and regulation of immune cells. Thus, together these tools can be used for developing new cellular imaging assays with resolution at the single cell level.

To automatically characterize transient migration behavior of natural killer (NK) cells compartmentalized in microwells, we developed a method for single cell tracking. Time-lapse imaging showed that the NK cells often exhibited periods of high motility, interrupted with periods of slow migration or complete arrest. These transient migration arrest periods (TMAPs) often overlapped with periods of conjugations between NK cells and target cells. Such conjugation periods sometimes led to cell-mediated killing of target cells. Analysis of cytotoxic response of NK cells revealed that a small sub-class of NK cells called serial killers was able to kill several target cells. In order to determine a starting time point for cell-cell interaction, a novel technique based on ultrasound was developed to aggregate NK and target cells into the center of the microwells. Therefore, these assays can be used to automatically and rapidly assess functional and migration behavior of cells to detect differences between health and disease or the influence of drugs.

The work presented in this thesis gives good examples of how microfluidic devices combined with automated imaging and image analysis can be helpful to address cell biological questions where single cell resolution is necessary. 

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2013. , s. vi, 53
Serie
TRITA-BIO-Report, ISSN 1654-2312 ; 2013:14
Emneord [en]
Single cell analysis, time-lapse fluorescence imaging, automated image analysis, microwell, droplet microfluidics, NK cells, single cell tracking, migration behavior analysis, cell-cell interaction, optical microscopy, image analysis, image processing, microfluidics, immune cells, tracking, counting, morphology analysis
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129278ISBN: 978-91-7501-846-1 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-129278DiVA, id: diva2:651292
Disputas
2013-10-18, Gardaulan, Smittskyddsinstitutet, Nobels väg 18, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 13:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Forskningsfinansiär
Swedish Research Council, 70784
Merknad

QC 20130927

Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-09-26 Laget: 2013-09-25 Sist oppdatert: 2022-06-23bibliografisk kontrollert
Delarbeid
1. A silicon-glass microwell platform for high-resolution imaging and high-content screening with single cell resolution
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A silicon-glass microwell platform for high-resolution imaging and high-content screening with single cell resolution
Vise andre…
2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print), ISSN 1387-2176, E-ISSN 1572-8781, Vol. 13, nr 4, s. 683-693Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a novel microwell array platform suited for various cell-imaging assays where single cell resolution is important. The platform consists of an exchangeable silicon-glass microchip for cell biological applications and a custom made holder that fits in conventional microscopes. The microchips presented here contain arrays of miniature wells, where the well sizes and layout have been designed for different applications, including single cell imaging, studies of cell-cell interactions or ultrasonic manipulation of cells. The device has been designed to be easy to use, to allow long-term assays (spanning several days) with read-outs based on high-resolution imaging or high-content screening. This study is focused on screening applications and an automatic cell counting protocol is described and evaluated. Finally, we have tested the device and automatic counting by studying the selective survival and clonal expansion of 721.221 B cells transfected to express HLA Cw6-GFP compared to untransfected 721.221 B cells when grown under antibiotic selection for 3 days. The device and automated analysis protocol make up the foundation for development of several novel cellular imaging assays.

Emneord
single cell, microwell, automatic image analysis, screening fluorerscence imaging, clonal expansion
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-30472 (URN)10.1007/s10544-011-9538-2 (DOI)000292556900009 ()21465090 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-80053896769 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

QC 20110802

Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-02-25 Laget: 2011-02-25 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-18bibliografisk kontrollert
2. Analysis of transient migration behavior of natural killer cells imaged in situ and in vitro
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Analysis of transient migration behavior of natural killer cells imaged in situ and in vitro
Vise andre…
2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Integrative Biology, ISSN 1757-9694, E-ISSN 1757-9708, Vol. 3, nr 7, s. 770-778Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a simple method for rapid and automatic characterization of lymphocyte migration from time-lapse fluorescence microscopy data. Time-lapse imaging of natural killer (NK) cells in vitro and in situ, both showed that individual cells transiently alter their migration behavior. Typically, NK cells showed periods of high motility, interrupted by transient periods of slow migration or almost complete arrests. Analysis of in vitro data showed that these periods frequently coincided with contacts with target cells, sometimes leading to target cell lysis. However, NK cells were also commonly observed to stop independently of contact with other cells. In order to objectively characterize the migration of NK cells, we implemented a simple method to discriminate when NK cells stop or have low motilities, have periods of directed migration or undergo random movement. This was achieved using a sliding window approach and evaluating the mean squared displacement (MSD) to assess the migration coefficient and MSD curvature along trajectories from individual NK cells over time. The method presented here can be used to quickly and quantitatively assess the dynamics of individual cells as well as heterogeneity within ensembles. Furthermore, it may also be used as a tool to automatically detect transient stops due to the formation of immune synapses, cell division or cell death. We show that this could be particularly useful for analysis of in situ time-lapse fluorescence imaging data where most cells, as well as the extracellular matrix, are usually unlabelled and thus invisible.

HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-38154 (URN)10.1039/c1ib00007a (DOI)000293504600007 ()21687858 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-79960024256 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Swedish Research CouncilScience for Life Laboratory - a national resource center for high-throughput molecular bioscience
Merknad
QC 20110822Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-08-22 Laget: 2011-08-22 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-15bibliografisk kontrollert
3. Classification of human natural killer cells based on migration behavior and cytotoxic response
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Classification of human natural killer cells based on migration behavior and cytotoxic response
Vise andre…
2013 (engelsk)Inngår i: Blood, ISSN 0006-4971, E-ISSN 1528-0020, Vol. 121, nr 8, s. 1326-1334Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Despite intense scrutiny of the molecular interactions between natural killer (NK) and target cells, few studies have been devoted to dissection of the basic functional heterogeneity in individual NK cell behavior. Using a microchip-based, time-lapse imaging approach allowing the entire contact history of each NK cell to be recorded, in the present study, we were able to quantify how the cytotoxic response varied between individual NK cells. Strikingly, approximately half of the NK cells did not kill any target cells at all, whereas a minority of NK cells was responsible for a majority of the target cell deaths. These dynamic cytotoxicity data allowed categorization of NK cells into 5 distinct classes. A small but particularly active subclass of NK cells killed several target cells in a consecutive fashion. These "serial killers" delivered their lytic hits faster and induced faster target cell death than other NK cells. Fast, necrotic target cell death was correlated with the amount of perforin released by the NK cells. Our data are consistent with a model in which a small fraction of NK cells drives tumor elimination and inflammation.

Emneord
Apoptosis, Cell Communication, Cell Degranulation, Cell Movement, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Killer Cells, Natural, Lymphocyte Activation, Microchip Analytical Procedures, Models, Biological, Necrosis, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125773 (URN)10.1182/blood-2012-06-439851 (DOI)000321750000017 ()23287857 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84874447340 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Swedish Research CouncilScience for Life Laboratory - a national resource center for high-throughput molecular bioscience
Merknad

QC 20130814

Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-08-14 Laget: 2013-08-13 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-18bibliografisk kontrollert
4. Live cell imaging in a micro-array of acoustic traps facilitates quantification of natural killer cell heterogeneity
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Live cell imaging in a micro-array of acoustic traps facilitates quantification of natural killer cell heterogeneity
Vise andre…
2013 (engelsk)Inngår i: Integrative Biology, ISSN 1757-9694, E-ISSN 1757-9708, Vol. 5, nr 4, s. 712-719Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected or cancer cells through the release of cytotoxic granules into a tight intercellular contact. NK cell populations comprise individual cells with varying sensitivity to distinct input signals, leading to disparate responses. To resolve this NK cell heterogeneity, we have designed a novel assay based on ultrasound-assisted cell-cell aggregation in a multiwell chip allowing high-resolution time-lapse imaging of one hundred NK-target cell interactions in parallel. Studying human NK cells' ability to kill MHC class I deficient tumor cells, we show that approximately two thirds of the NK cells display cytotoxicity, with some NK cells being particularly active, killing up to six target cells during the assay. We also report that simultaneous interaction with several susceptible target cells increases the cytotoxic responsiveness of NK cells, which could be coupled to a previously unknown regulatory mechanism with implications for NK-mediated tumor elimination.

Emneord
Nk Cells, Education, Cytotoxicity, Lymphocytes, Secretion
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121500 (URN)10.1039/c3ib20253d (DOI)000316692700008 ()23435966 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84878096273 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Swedish Research CouncilScience for Life Laboratory - a national resource center for high-throughput molecular bioscience
Merknad

QC 20130506

Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-05-06 Laget: 2013-04-29 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-18bibliografisk kontrollert
5. Automated analysis of dynamic behavior of single cells in picoliter droplets
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Automated analysis of dynamic behavior of single cells in picoliter droplets
Vise andre…
2014 (engelsk)Inngår i: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 14, nr 5, s. 931-937Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a droplet-based microfluidic platform to automatically track and characterize the behavior of single cells over time. This high-throughput assay allows encapsulation of single cells in micro-droplets and traps intact droplets in arrays of miniature wells on a PDMS-glass chip. Automated time-lapse fluorescence imaging and image analysis of the incubated droplets on the chip allows the determination of the viability of individual cells over time. In order to automatically track the droplets containing cells, we developed a simple method based on circular Hough transform to identify droplets in images and quantify the number of live and dead cells in each droplet. Here, we studied the viability of several hundred single isolated HEK293T cells over time and demonstrated a high survival rate of the encapsulated cells for up to 11 hours. The presented platform has a wide range of potential applications for single cell analysis, e.g. monitoring heterogeneity of drug action over time and rapidly assessing the transient behavior of single cells under various conditions and treatments in vitro.

Emneord
Microfluidic System, Flow-Cytometry, In-Vitro, Expression, Time, Heterogeneity, Device, Encapsulation, Tracking, Kinetics
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129290 (URN)10.1039/c3lc51136g (DOI)000330784400013 ()24385254 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84893475740 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Science for Life Laboratory - a national resource center for high-throughput molecular bioscienceSwedish Research Council FormasSwedish Research Council
Merknad

QC 20140228. 

Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-09-26 Laget: 2013-09-25 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-15bibliografisk kontrollert

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