This paper presents a novel test device for the evaluation of the accuracy of machine tools. The design concept is similar to a double ball bar (DBB) with the difference that an adjustable load generated by the device can be applied between spindle nose and machine tool table. The device, called Loaded Double Ball Bar (LDBB), can be used either as an ordinary double ball bar system with no load applied to the structure, or with a predefined load applied to the structure. The load that is generated by the LDBB is generally not equivalent to real cutting forces. However, from the static deflection point of view the effect of the load on the machine tool structure has similar impact on the static behaviour of the system. For instance, the load can in some cases eliminate existing play in ball screws, plays that under normal machining condition will be eliminated by the effect of cutting forces on the structure. With the help of this test device, not only can the identifiable errors by an ordinary DBB be evaluated but also machine tool elastic deflection in different directions. It is also possible to track different error patterns to the applied load.