Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
L4-33K, an adenovirus-encoded alternative RNA splicing factor
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
2006 (English)In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 281, no 48, p. 36510-36517Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Splicing of the adenovirus IIIa mRNA is subjected to a strict temporal regulation during virus infection such that efficient IIIa 3' splice site usage is confined to the late phase of the infectious cycle. Here we show that the adenovirus L4-33K protein functions as a virus-encoded RNA splicing factor that preferentially activates splicing of transcripts with a weak 3' splice site sequence context, a sequence configuration that is shared by many of the late adenovirus 3' splice sites. Furthermore, we show that L4-33K activates IIIa splicing through the IIIa virus infection-dependent splicing enhancer element (3VDE). This element was previously shown to be the minimal element, both necessary and sufficient, for activation of IIIa splicing in the context of an adenovirus-infected cell. L4-33K stimulates an early step in spliceosome assembly and appears to be the only viral protein necessary to convert a nuclear extract prepared from uninfected HeLa cells to an extract with splicing properties very similar to a nuclear extract prepared from adenovirus late-infected cells. Collectively, our results suggest that L4-33K is the key viral protein required to activate the early to late switch in adenovirus major late L1 alternative splicing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2006. Vol. 281, no 48, p. 36510-36517
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-22559DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M607601200ISI: 000242220800006PubMedID: 17028184OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-22559DiVA, id: diva2:50332
Available from: 2007-01-18 Created: 2007-01-18 Last updated: 2017-12-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Regulation of Adenoviral Gene Expression by the L4-33K and L4-22K Proteins
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Regulation of Adenoviral Gene Expression by the L4-33K and L4-22K Proteins
2009 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The splicing pattern during an adenovirus infection is shifted at the late phase towards using weaker splice sites, splicing out larger introns. Splicing of weak 3´ splice sites usually requires recognition of the 3´AG dinucleotide before the first catalytic step of splicing. Such splicing events are said to be AG-dependent and requires an interaction of both subunits of the cellular splicing factor U2AF with the 3´ splice site. We show that splicing of transcripts that are AG-dependent in uninfected nuclear extracts (NE) becomes AG-independent in nuclear extracts prepared form adenovirus late-infected HeLa cells (Ad-NE). Further we demonstrate that the first step in splicing of a model transcript, IgM, becomes completely U2AF-independent in Ad-NE. This finding supports our working model that 3´ splice site recognition in Ad-NE is altered, and in fact might be U2AF-independent.

We further show that the adenovirus late protein L4-33K acts as a virus encoded alternative splicing factor. L4-33K activates splicing of both cellular and viral transcripts containing weak 3´ splice sites. This supports the hypothesis that adenovirus alter splicing during the infection to favour usage of weak, suboptimal 3´ splice sites. However, we were unable to find an alternative U2AF-related factor that could stimulate L4-33K splicing enhancer activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the serine residues in the C-terminal part of L4-33K are important for the splicing enhancer activity but also for its nuclear localisation.

The adenovirus major late promoter is highly activated after the onset of viral genome replication. Protein complexes binding to downstream elements of the promoter are required for full enhancement of this promoter. We show that an L4-33K-related protein, L4-22K, stimulates transcription from the major late promoter. This stimulation is mainly via the downstream elements and does not require the viral IVa2 protein, which is a transcription factor of the major late promoter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. p. 45
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 458
National Category
Microbiology in the medical area
Research subject
Medical Virology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101324 (URN)978-91-554-7529-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2009-06-04, C10:305, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2009-05-13 Created: 2009-04-22 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
2. The Adenovirus L4-33K Protein: A Key Regulator of Virus-specific Alternative Splicing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Adenovirus L4-33K Protein: A Key Regulator of Virus-specific Alternative Splicing
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Adenoviruses have been extensively studied in the field of gene regulation, since their genes are subjected to a tightly controlled temporal expression during the virus lifetime. The early-to-late shift in adenoviral gene expression distinguishes two completely different programs in gene expression. The adenoviral L4-33K protein, which is the subject of this thesis, was previously implicated to be a key player in the transition from the early to the late phase of infection. Here we show that L4-33K activates late gene expression by functioning as a virus-encoded alternative RNA splicing factor activating splicing of transcripts containing weak 3’ splice sites; a feature common to the viral genes expressed at late times of infection.

The splicing enhancer activity of L4-33K was mapped to a tiny arginine/serine (RS) repeat in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the protein. Also, the subcellular distribution to the nucleus with enrichment in the nuclear membrane and subnuclear redistribution to viral replication centers during a lytic infection was observed to depend on this motif. RS repeats are common features for the cellular splicing factors serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, which in turn are regulated by reversible phosphorylation.

We further show that L4-33K is phosphorylated by two cellular protein kinases, the double-stranded DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro. Interestingly, DNA-PK and PKA have opposite effects on the control of the temporally regulated L1 alternative RNA splicing. DNA-PK functions as an inhibitor of the late specific L1-IIIa pre-mRNA splicing whereas PKA functions as an activator of L1-IIIa pre-mRNA splicing.

In summary, this thesis describes L4-33K as an SR protein related viral alternative splicing factor. A tiny RS repeat conveys splicing enhancer activity as well as redistribution of L4-33K to replication centers. Finally, DNA-PK and PKA that phosphorylates L4-33K are suggested to be novel regulatory factors controlling adenovirus alternative splicing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2011. p. 66
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 709
Keywords
L4-33K, adenovirus, splicing, phosphorylation, localization, replication centers, L4-22K, MLTU, DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase, PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, transcription sites, SR protein
National Category
Microbiology in the medical area
Research subject
Medical Virology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159632 (URN)978-91-554-8178-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-11-17, C10:301, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-10-26 Created: 2011-10-05 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMed

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Törmänen, HeidiBackström, EllenorCarlsson, AnetteAkusjärvi, Göran
By organisation
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
In the same journal
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Medical and Health Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 832 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf