Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Abdominal and gynoid adiposity and the risk of stroke
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
Show others and affiliations
2011 (English)In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 35, no 11, p. 1427-1432Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Previous studies have indicated that fat distribution is important in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the association between fat distribution, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the incidence of stroke.

Methods: A cohort of 2751 men and women aged 40 years was recruited. Baseline levels of abdominal, gynoid and total body fat were measured by DXA. Body mass index (BMI, kg m(-2)) was calculated. Stroke incidence was recorded using the regional stroke registry until subjects reached 75 years of age.

Results: During a mean follow-up time of 8 years and 9 months, 91 strokes occurred. Of the adiposity indices accessed abdominal fat mass was the best predictor of stroke in women (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23-2.24 per standard deviation increase), whereas the ratio of gynoid fat to total fat mass was associated with a decreased risk of stroke (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.54-0.96). Abdominal fat mass was the only of the adiposity indices assessed that was found to be a significant predictor of stroke in men (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06-2.09). The associations between abdominal fat mass and stroke remained significant in both women and men after adjustment for BMI (HR=1.80, 95% CI=1.06-3.07; HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.13-2.59, respectively). However, in a subgroup analyses abdominal fat was not a significant predictor after further adjustment for diabetes, smoking and hypertension.

Conclusion: Abdominal fat mass is a risk factor for stroke independent of BMI, but not independent of diabetes, smoking and hypertension. This indicates that the excess in stroke risk associated with abdominal fat mass is at least partially mediated through traditional stroke risk factors.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 22 February 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.9.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group , 2011. Vol. 35, no 11, p. 1427-1432
Keywords [en]
fat mass, fat distribution, abdominal fat, gynoid fat, stroke cox proportional hazard model
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-44034DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.9PubMedID: 21343905Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-81155135068OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-44034DiVA, id: diva2:417710
Available from: 2011-05-18 Created: 2011-05-18 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Body fat distribution, inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Body fat distribution, inflammation and cardiovascular disease
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major health issues of our time. The prevalence of CVD is increasing, both in industrialized and in developing countries, and causes suffering and a decreased quality of life for millions of people worldwide. CVD can have multiple etiologies, but the main underlying cause is atherosclerosis, which causes blood clot formation and obstructs vital arteries.

Multiple risk factors of atherosclerosis have been identified, and body fatness is one of the most important ones. 

The main aims of this thesis were to investigate the relation between body fatness and: CVD risk factors (paper I), incident stroke (paper II), and overall mortality (paper III). The results showed that abdominal obesity is strongly associated with both CVD risk factors and stroke incidence (papers I-II). The results also suggested that a substantial part of the association between increased body fat and stroke can be explained by an increase in traditional stroke risk factors associated with increased body fat (paper II). A gynoid fat distribution, with a high share of fat located around the hip, is, on the other hand, associated with lower risk factor levels in both men and women, and with a decreased risk of stroke in women (papers I-II). This illustrates the importance of assessing the overall distribution of body fat rather, than solely focusing on total body fatness.

In elderly women, total body fat was found to be associated with increased survival, while abdominal fat moderately increased mortality risk (paper III). Lean mass (fat-free mass) was strongly associated with increased survival among elderly men and women (paper III).

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an indicator of inflammation and, possibly, an indicator of atherosclerotic disease. In paper IV, the relationship between ESR in young adulthood and the later risk of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied. Results showed that higher levels of ESR were associated with a higher MI risk, in a dose-responsive manner, and was independent of other well-established risk factors.

In summary, both total and regional fat distribution are associated with CVD risk factors and stroke, but do not seem to correspond to an increase in mortality risk among the elderly. Also, inflammation, detected as an increase in ESR, is associated with long term MI risk in young men. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2011. p. 95
Series
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1451
Keywords
fat mass, lean mass, fat distribution, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, mortality, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
National Category
General Practice Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Epidemiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49833 (URN)978-91-7459-305-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-12-16, Bergasalen, by 27, 90185 Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-11-25 Created: 2011-11-21 Last updated: 2018-06-08Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Toss, FredrikWiklund, PederFranks, Paul WEriksson, MarieGustafson, YngveHallmans, GöranNordström, PeterNordström, Anna
By organisation
Sports MedicineGeriatric MedicineRehabilitation MedicineMedicineNutritional Research
In the same journal
International Journal of Obesity
Medical and Health Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 443 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf