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Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder have increased startle modulation during anticipation in the late luteal phase period in comparison to control subjects
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa. (Reproduktiv hälsa/Sundström Poromaa)
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa. (Reproduktiv hälsa/Sundström Poromaa)
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för radiologi, onkologi och strålningsvetenskap, Enheten för radiologi.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2011 (engelsk)Inngår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 36, nr 8, s. 1184-1192Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

The acoustic startle response (ASR) is a withdrawal reflex to sudden or noxious auditory stimuli and, most importantly, an unbiased measure of emotional processing of appetitive and aversive stimuli. By exposing subjects to fearful situations, such as aversive pictures, the ASR may be enhanced, suggesting that amygdala modulates the startle circuit during threat situations. As one previous study, investigating affective modulation of the ASR in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), discovered no difference during picture viewing it is possible that the mood changes observed in PMDD relate to anxious anticipation rather than to direct stimulus responding. Hence we sought to examine the effects of PMDD on picture anticipation and picture response.

Sixteen PMDD patients and 16 controls watched slide shows containing pleasant and unpleasant pictures and positive and negative anticipation stimuli during the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, semi-randomized startle probes (105dB) were delivered and the ASR was assessed with electromyography.

Compared with control subjects, PMDD patients displayed an enhanced startle modulation by positive and negative anticipation stimuli in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This finding was mainly driven by increased modulation in the luteal phase in comparison to the follicular phase among PMDD patients but also by an increased modulation in patients compared to controls during luteal phase. This suggests that the neural circuits underlying response to emotional anticipation are more sensitive during this period and emphasize the need of examining the neural correlates of anticipatory processes in women with PMDD.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2011. Vol. 36, nr 8, s. 1184-1192
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-152022DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.011ISI: 000295072300009PubMedID: 21435793OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-152022DiVA, id: diva2:412087
Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-04-20 Laget: 2011-04-20 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-11bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. The Effect of Steroid Hormones in the Female Brain During Different Reproductive States
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>The Effect of Steroid Hormones in the Female Brain During Different Reproductive States
2012 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression and anxiety disorders and have an increased risk of onset during periods associated with hormonal changes, such as the postpartum period and the menopausal transition. Furthermore, some women seem more sensitive to normal hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, since approximately 3-5% suffers from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Why these disorders are so common in women has not been established but there is a probable involvement of the ovarian hormones.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the ovarian hormones on the female brain during different reproductive states using psychological tests known to affect brain activity in different ways.

Paper one examined the effect of the ovarian hormones on prepulse inhibition (PPI) on the acoustic startle response (ASR) and comprised cycling women and postmenopausal women. The cycling women had lower levels of PPI compared to postmenopausal women and postmenopausal women with moderate estradiol levels had lower PPI compared to postmenopausal women with low estradiol levels.

Paper two examined the effect of anticipation and affective modulation on the ASR in women with PMDD and healthy controls. Women with PMDD have an increased modulation during anticipation of affective pictures compared to healthy controls during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Paper three examined brain activity during response inhibition among women with PMDD and healthy controls by the use of a Go/NoGo task and fMRI. Women with PMDD displayed a decreased activity in the left insula during follicular phase and an increased activity during the luteal phase compared to controls.

Paper four comprised women in the postpartum period and non-pregnant controls to examine brain activity during response inhibition. While this study revealed decreased activity at 4 weeks postpartum compared to 48 hours postpartum we cannot ascertain the role of the ovarian steroids, since none of the significant brain areas correlated with ovarian steroid or neurosteroid serum concentrations.

The results of this thesis demonstrate that the ovarian hormones, or at least various hormonal states, have a probable impact on how the female brain works.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. s. 85
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 787
Emneord
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Postpartum, Estradiol, Progesterone, Menstrual cycle, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Response inhibition, Prepulse inhibition, Startle response
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Medicinsk vetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175409 (URN)978-91-554-8402-6 (ISBN)
Disputas
2012-09-14, Gustavianum, Auditorium Minus, Akademigatan 3, Uppsala, 09:00 (svensk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-08-22 Laget: 2012-06-06 Sist oppdatert: 2013-07-22

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