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Statehood, Secularisation, Cooperation: Explaining Democratic Survival in Inter-War Europe - Stein Rokkan's Conceptual Map Revisited
Institutt for sammenliknende politikk, Universitetet i Bergen. (CECS)
Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences. (CECS)
1995 (English)In: Historical social research / Historische Sozialforschung, ISSN 0172-6404, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 210-225Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article addresses itself to the crisis of democracy in inter-war Europe which saw the breakdown of one democratic regime after the other with Czechoslovakia as the only survivor case in Eastern and Central Europe by the end of this period. It is cast within the framework of Stein Rokkan's seminal conceptual map of Europe which is expanded in order to account for countries and variables originally not included in his analytical scheme. The analysis leads to the following conclusion: where the state building was weak and the legacy of empire strong, or where secular nation building was still impaired by deeply rooted religious sentiments, or where significant segments representing major cleavages where not coopted into a constitutional compromise, the chances for democratic survival in inter-war Europe were slim indeed. The conclusion applies to the inter-war era alone, but it clearly has implications for contemporary Europe. Noting that statehood and secularization ranked high on the agenda of communist Eastern Europe, the authors raise the paradoxical question if the success of democracy in this part of the world may in fact be a byproduct of the extent to which the now defunct communist regimes were successful in promoting their pet goals.

Abstract [de]

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Krise der Demokratie im Mittel- und Osteuropa der Zwischenkriegszeit, in der bis auf die Tschechoslowakei ein demokratisches Regime nach dem anderen gescheitert ist. Geprüft werden soll dabei der begrifflich-theoretische Bezugsrahmen von Stein Rokkan, der die Prozesse der Nationenbildung und Demokratisierung für Europa zu erklären versucht hat. Rokkan unterscheidet zwei Dimensionen, nach denen sich die politische Landschaft in Europa unterscheiden läßt: (1) Eine Ost-West-Achse, auf der nach dem Grad der Verstädterung und der Bildung von politischen Zentren differenziert wird und (2) eine Nord-Südachse, auf der nach dem Grad der Integration zwischen Staat und Kirche differenziert wird. Die Interpretation der Daten von 18 europäischen Staaten zeigt das Paradox, daß der beste Indikator für das Überleben demokratischer Regime in einer starken staatlichen Tradition und einem hohen Grad der Säkularisierung der Gesellschaft liegt.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Köln: Zentrum für historische Sozialforschung , 1995. Vol. 20, no 2, p. 210-225
National Category
Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies)
Research subject
Political Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10953OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-10953DiVA, id: diva2:323736
Available from: 2010-06-11 Created: 2010-06-07 Last updated: 2022-08-11Bibliographically approved

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