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Methods for Quantification of Lignosulphonate and Chloride in Gravel Wearing Courses
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Highway and Railway Engineering.
NCC Roads AB.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7692-714X
Dalarna Högskolan.
2010 (English)In: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design, ISSN 1468-0629, E-ISSN 2164-7402, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 171-185Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Due to oxidation, breakdown, and leaching, dust suppressants will be lost from the gravel road surface. Methods for residual dust suppressant concentration supervision are a valuable tool for estimating life-length and optimal application rates, and, hence, efficiency of different products. The objective of this study was to identify methods for quantitative analyses of lignosulphonate and chloride, develop and adapt the methods for application on a gravel matrix, and validate the methods using samples collected in-situ. Results strongly suggest that the reliability and repeatability of the developed methods (23% for lignosulphonate and 30% for chloride, respectively) are acceptable for determination of relative variations in residual concentrations of dust suppressed gravel wearing courses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. Vol. 11, no 1, p. 171-185
Keywords [en]
Gravel Roads, Dust Suppressants, Leaching, Residual Concentration, Quantification Methods
National Category
Construction Management Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12356DOI: 10.3166/rmpd.11.171-185ISI: 000275685400010Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-77951020324OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-12356DiVA, id: diva2:309922
Note

Duplicate in ScopsID 2-s2.0-85008770553.

QC 20100615. Updated from in press to published.

QC 20211127.

Available from: 2010-04-09 Created: 2010-04-09 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Evaluation of Dust Suppressants for Gravel Roads: Methods Development and Efficiency Studies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of Dust Suppressants for Gravel Roads: Methods Development and Efficiency Studies
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Approximately 75 percent (300 000 km) of the total Swedish road network and 20 percent(20 000 km) of the national road network consists of gravel roads. One of the most significantproblems associated with gravel roads is traffic-generated dust emission, which contributes tothe deterioration of the road surface and acts as a major source of particulate matter releasedinto the atmosphere, thereby involving public economics, road safety, human health, andenvironmental quality. In order to bind the fine granular material, which is prone to rise into theair, dust suppressants are applied on roads on a yearly basis.

Methods for evaluating the efficiency of dust suppressants will facilitate in the selection of themost appropriate product and its optimal application rate. For example, methods forsupervision of residual dust suppressant concentration are valuable tools for estimatinglongevity and optimal application rates, and, consequently, effectiveness of different products.

Application of the proper dust suppressant to a gravel road ensures road safety and ridingcomfort as well as creating a cleaner and healthier environment for residents in buildingsadjacent to the road. It also reduces the need and cost for vehicle repair, road maintenanceactivities, and aggregate supplementation.

Both field-based and laboratory research were performed to evaluate the efficiency of varioussuppressants and the influence such factors as product concentration, leaching, and fine materialcontent have on the efficiency of different products. Within the field-based research, a newlydeveloped mobile methodology was used to measure dust emission on numerous test sectionstreated with various dust suppressants. In general, all dust suppressants tested, except apolysaccharide (sugar) and products, which form a brittle surface crust, i.e. lignosulphonate andbitumen emulsion, showed acceptable dust reduction.

Test sections treated with a magnesium- or calcium chloride solution were the most effectivelydust suppressed. The application of solutions instead of a solid salts achieves a more uniformproduct distribution and, therefore, probably a more efficient performance. By applying acalcium- or magnesium chloride solution instead of traditionally used solids, the cost for annualdust control, as well as the environmental impact from the release of these chemicals in theenvironment, can be reduced by 50 percent.

A significant problem when using dust suppressants is their tendency to leach during rainfalldue to their soluble properties. Residual chloride could be detected in the gravel wearing courseover a longer period of time than lignosulphonate and, therefore, showed more effective longtermperformance. Optimal percentages of fine material for minimal lignosulphonate andchloride leaching were found to be 15 percent by weight and 10-16 percent by weight,respectively. Ions of calcium chloride seemed to initiate flocculation of clay particles, therebypreventing them from leaching. Still, the fine material in gravel wearing courses has to be replenished regularly as indicated by studies of the longevity of fine material. Loss up to80 percent was found after two years.

Toxicity tests show that dust suppressant application for dust control purposes, at traditionallyused application rates, does not constitute a threat to sensitive aquatic life. Tests on subsoilwater samples indicated elevated chloride levels, which possibly could cause corrosion to pipes,but not high enough to flavour drinking water.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH, 2010. p. 64, vi
Series
TRITA-VT. FR, ISSN 1650-867X ; 10:05
Keywords
Gravel road, dust, particulate matter, PM10, horizontal dust diffusion, deteriorations, maintenance, dust control, dust suppressants, efficiency, application rate, leaching, residual concentration, seasonal variations, salt solution, solid salt, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, lignosulphonate, polysaccharide (sugar), bitumen emulsion, rape oil, starch, surfactant, mesa, clay, fine material content
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12359 (URN)978-91-7415-612-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2010-04-21, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, KT, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20100616

Available from: 2010-04-09 Created: 2010-04-09 Last updated: 2022-06-25

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