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Ethical values in caring encounters on a geriatric ward from the next of kin´s perspective: An interview study
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Geriatric Clinic , County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1588-135X
2010 (English)In: International Journal of Nursing Practice, ISSN 1322-7114, E-ISSN 1440-172X, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 20-26Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aim of this study was to identify and describe the governing ethical values that next of kin experience in interaction with nurses who care for elderly patients at a geriatric clinic. Interviews with fourteen next of kin were conducted and data were analysed by Constant comparative analysis. Four categories were identified: Receiving, showing respect, facilitating participation and showing professionalism. These categories formed the basis of the core category: “Being amenable”, a concept identified in the next of kin’s description of the ethical values that they and the elderly patients perceive in the caring encounter. Being amenable means that the nurses are guided by ethical values; taking into account the elderly patient and the next of kin. Nurses’ focusing on elderly patients’ well-being as a final criterion affects the next of kin and their experience of this fundamental condition for high quality care seems to be fulfilled.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2010. Vol. 16, no 1, p. 20-26
Keywords [en]
Ethical values, geriatric wards, grounded theory, nursing ethics, next of kin
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51737DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2009.01805.xISI: 000274177000004OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-51737DiVA, id: diva2:277240
Note

On the day of the defence day the status of this article was: Manuscript. This is the author’s version of the following article: Lise-Lotte Jonasson, Per-Erik Liss, Björn Westerlind and Carina Berterö, Ethical values in caring encounters on a geriatric ward from the next of kin´s perspective: An interview study, 2010, International Journal of Nursing Practice, (16), 1, 20-26. which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2009.01805.x Copyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltd http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.html

Available from: 2009-11-16 Created: 2009-11-16 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ethical values in caring encounters from elderly patients’ and next of kin´s perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ethical values in caring encounters from elderly patients’ and next of kin´s perspective
2009 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The welfare of the elderly population is one of the most important goals of the public health services. At macro level the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare state that the premier goal is for elderly people to have dignified and comfortable lives. They should have a life with a sense of value and feel confident. These ethical values which are expressed on macro level or as normative ethics are expected to prevail at micro level. In our study the micro level is the caring encounter between the elderly patient, next of kin and nurses. Ethical values and morals are important aspects that influence the quality of care, videlicet in empiric ethics.

The aim of study (I) was to identify and describe the ethical values experienced by the older person in the daily interaction with nurses in a ward for older people during caring encounters. In study (II) the aim was to identify and describe the governing ethical values that next of kin experience in interaction with nurses who care for elderly patients at a geriatric clinic. Study (I) which was an empirical observational study included follow-up interviews. Twenty-two older people participated voluntarily. In study (II) interviews with fourteen next of kin were conducted. In both studies Constant comparative analysis, the core foundation of grounded theory was used.

Five categories; Being addressed, receiving respect, desiring to participate, increasing self-determination and gaining self-confidence formed the basis for the core category in study (I): Approaching. Approaching concerns the way people become closer to each other in a physical space .It also includes how people become closer to each other in a dialogue, which involves verbal or bodily communication. Approaching indicates the ethical values that guide nurses in their caring encounters with older people. This ethical value is noted by the older person and has an individual value, as well as leading to improved quality of their care. The older person will be confident and satisfied with the caring encounter if the desired components in the nurse’s approaching are exhibited.

Four categories were identified in study (II): Receiving, showing respect, facilitating participation and showing professionalism. These categories formed the basis of the core category: “Being amenable”, a concept identified in the next of kin’s description of the ethical values that they and the elderly patients perceive in the caring encounter. Being amenable means that the nurses are guided by ethical values; taking into account the elderly patient and next of kin. Nurses who focus on elderly patients’ well-being as a final principle will affect next of kin and their experience of this fundamental situation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2009. p. 45
Series
Linköping Studies in Health Sciences. Thesis, ISSN 1100-6013 ; 107
Keywords
Ethics, ethical values, geriatric wards, grounded theory, next of kin, nursing care, nursing ethics, qualitative methods
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51739 (URN)978-91-7393-495-4 (ISBN)
Presentation
2009-12-17, Rönnen, Campus US, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Supervisors
Available from: 2009-11-16 Created: 2009-11-16 Last updated: 2020-03-10Bibliographically approved
2. A comprehensive picture of ethical values in caring encounters, based on experiences of those involved: Analysis of concepts developed from empirical studies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A comprehensive picture of ethical values in caring encounters, based on experiences of those involved: Analysis of concepts developed from empirical studies
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Older people should have a life with a sense of value and should feel confident. These ethical values, which are expressed in normative ethics, are expected to prevail in empirical ethics. Central components of nursing are the ethical issues of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and the principles of justice. The general aim of this thesis is to identify and describe the ethical values that are apparent in the caring encounter and their influence on the people involved. This is done from the perspective of the older person in study (I), next of kin in study (II) and nurses in study (III). In study (IV) the aim was to synthesize the concepts from empirical studies (I- III) and analyze, compare and interrelate them with normative ethics. Studies (I, III) were empirical observational studies including follow-up interviews. Twenty-two older people participated voluntarily in study (I), and in study (III) 20 nurses participated voluntarily. In study (II) fourteen next of kin were interviewed. In studies (I- III) constant comparative analysis, the core foundation of grounded theory, was used. Five concepts were used in the analysis in study (IV); three from the grounded theory studies (I- III) and two from the theoretical framework on normative ethics i.e. the ICN code and SFS law. Five categories; being addressed, receiving respect, desiring to participate, increasing self-determination and gaining self-confidence formed the basis for the core category ‚Approaching‛ in study (I). ‘Approaching’ indicates the ethical values that guide nurses in their caring encounters with older people. These ethical values are noted by the older people and are greatly appreciated by them, and also lead to improved quality of care. Four categories were identified in study (II): Receiving, showing respect, facilitating participation and showing professionalism. These categories formed the basis of the core category ‚Being amenable‛, a concept identified in the next of kin’s description of the ethical values that they and the older patients perceive in the caring encounter. In study (III), three categories were identified: showing consideration, connecting, and caring for. These categories formed the basis of the core category ‚Corroborating‛. Corroborating deals with support and interaction. Empirical ethics and normative ethics are intertwined, according to the findings of this study (IV). Normative ethics influence the nurse’s practical performance and could have a greater influence in supporting nurses as professionals. Criteria of good ethical care according to this thesis are: showing respect, invitation to participation, allowing self-determination, and providing safe and secure care. These criteria are elements of the concept of being professional. Professionalism of nurses is shown by: the approach nurses adapt to the performance of their duties, and their competence and knowledge, but also how they apply laws and professional codes

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. p. 74
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1227
Keywords
Ethical values, grounded theory, older patient, next of kin, nursing care, qualitative methods, empirical ethics, normative ethics
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67878 (URN)978-91-7393-230-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-05-27, Berzeliussalen, Hälsouniversitetet, Campus US, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-05-02 Created: 2011-05-02 Last updated: 2020-02-03Bibliographically approved

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