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Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis.
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2000 (English)In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, ISSN 0884-0431, E-ISSN 1523-4681, Vol. 15, p. 1579-1586Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. A number of risk factors, such as age and gender, are well established. High cadmium exposure causes renal damage and in severe cases also causes osteoporosis and osteomalacia, We have examined whether long-term Pow-level cadmium exposure increases the risk of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the forearm was measured in 520 men and 544 women, aged 16-81 years, environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Cadmium in urine was used as the dose estimate and protein HC was used: as a marker of renal tubular damage. There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular proteinuria. Inverse relations were found between cadmium dose, tubular proteinuria, and BMD, particularly apparent in persons over 60 years of age, There was a dose-response relation between cadmium dose and osteoporosis. The odds ratios (ORs) for men were 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.8) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine and 5.3 (2.0-14) in the highest dose category (greater than or equal to 3 nmol/mmol creatinine) compared with the lowest dose group (<0.5 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine). For women, the OR was 1.8 (0.65-5.3) in the dose group 0.53 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine. We conclude that exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2000. Vol. 15, p. 1579-1586
Keywords [en]
bone density, cadmium, environmental exposure, occupational exposure, proteinuria
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-26078Local ID: 10537OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-26078DiVA, id: diva2:246626
Available from: 2009-10-08 Created: 2009-10-08 Last updated: 2017-12-13

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
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  • Other style
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  • de-DE
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  • en-US
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  • nn-NO
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  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
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  • asciidoc
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