This thesis examines the abortion debate in Brazil within the context of Catholic and Evangelical belief systems. Using a systematic literature review and thematic content analysis, the primary objective is to illuminate the intersection of religion and the often taboo topic of abortion. Given the widespread poverty in Brazil, abortion becomes a profoundly critical issue that directly impacts the health and safety of women as it affects their ability to access medical care in safe and regulated settings, thereby reducing the risks associated with dangerous and illegal procedures.

The findings underscore the substantial role played by Catholic and Evangelical belief systems in opposing the legalization of abortion, driven by their deeply held values. This influence is deeply rooted in historical opportunities seized during Brazil's democratization process. Moreover, Catholic, and Evangelical movements have demonstrated remarkable mobilization efforts, engaging in grassroots activities, and fostering mobilization within private spheres. The polarization of the abortion debate has intensified the visibility of these religious groups and mobilized their supporters in various ways.

In conclusion, this study reveals that Catholic and Evangelical belief systems have emerged as influential political actors, significantly shaping public opinion and resistance to abortion legalization, even in cases where it is legally sanctioned. Given that religion's influence shows no signs of diminishing but rather continues to grow, further research in this context is crucial to understanding its profound impact on society.