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Materials Reliability in PEM Fuel Cells
Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Materials and Manufacturing.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2788-960x
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

As part of the global work towards reducing CO2 emissions, all vehicles needs to be electrified, or fueled by green fuels. Batteries have already revolutionised the car market, but fuel cells are believed to be a key energy conversion system to be able to electrify also heavy duty vehicles. The type of fuel cell commercially available for vehicles today is the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), but for it to be able to take a larger market share, the cost must be reduced while sufficient lifetime is ensured.

The PEMFC is a system containing several components, made of different materials including the polymer membrane, noble metal catalyst particles, and metallic bipolar plate. The combination of different materials exposed to elevated temperature, high humidity and low pH make the PEMFC components susceptible to corrosion and degradation.

The noble metal catalyst is one of the major contributors to the high cost. In this work, the latest research on new catalyst materials for PEMFCs are overviewed. Furthermore, electrodeposition as a simple synthesis route to test different Pt-alloys for the cathode catalyst in the fuel cell is explored by synthesis of PtNi and PtNiMo. The gas diffusion layer of the PEMFC is used as substrate to reduce the number of steps to form the membrane electrode assembly.

In addition to cheaper and more durable materials, understanding of how the materials degrade, and how the degradation affects the other components is crucial to ensure a long lifetime. Finding reliable test methods to validate the lifetime of the final system is necessary to make fuel cell a trusted technology for vehicles, with predictable performance.

In this work, commercial flow plates are studied, to see the effect of different load cycles and relative humidities on the corrosion of the plate. Defects originating from production is observed, and the effect of these defects on the corrosion is further analysed. Suggestions are given on how the design and production of bipolar plates should be made to reduce the risk of corrosion in the PEMFC.

Abstract [sv]

Som en del av det globala arbetet med at reducera utsläppen av koldioxid måste alla fordon elektrifieras eller tankas med förnybart bränsle. Batterier har redan revolutionerat bilmarknaden, men bränsleceller är en viktig pusselbit för att också elektrifiera tunga fordon. Den typen av bränsleceller för fordon som finns tillgänglig på den kommersiella marknaden i dag är polymerelektrolytbränslecellen (PEMFC). För att PEMFC skall ta en större marknadsandel måste kostnaderna minskas och livslängden förlängas.

PEMFC består av ett antal komponenter gjorda av olika material, bland annat polymer membran, ädelmetallkatalysator, och metalliska bipolära plattor. Kombinationen av olika material i tillägg till den höga temperaturen, hög fuktighet och låg pH gör att materialen i bränslecellen är utsatta för korrosion.

Ädelmetallkatalysatorn är en av de kostdrivande komponenterna i bränslecellen. I denna studien presenteras en översikt över framstegen inom katalysatormaterial för PEM bränsleceller de senaste två åren. Sedan studeras elektroplätering som en enkel produktionsmetod för nanopartiklar av platina legeringar. Möjligheten att simultant plätera fler metaller, och att använda gasdiffutions-skiktet från bränslecellen som substrat för att reducera antal produktionsteg och därmed reducera kostnader, undersöks. Det möjliggör också snabb testning av olika legeringar för att identifiera den optimala sammansättningen med hög prestanda, lång livslängd och lite platina.

I tillägg till att ta fram billigare och tåliga material är det viktigt att förstå hur materialen degraderar och hur degraderingen av ett material påverkar de andra komponenterna. Med den kunskapen kan man utveckla accelererade testmetoder för att bedöma livslängden av hela bränslecellen. Validerade testmetoder är viktigt för att styrka förtroendet till nya teknologier.

I denna studien fokuseras det också på korrosion av bipolära plattor, och hur olika lastcykler och fuktnivåer som kan bli applicerad vid accelererad testning påverkar korrosionen. Också effekten av defekter från tillverkningen i den skyddande beläggningen analyseras med hänsyn till korrosion, för att ge mer insikt i hur bipolära plattor kan designas och produceras för att minska korrosionen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Jönköping: Jönköping University, School of Engineering , 2021. , p. 51
Series
JTH Dissertation Series ; 064
Keywords [en]
Fuel cell, PEMFC, Bipolar plate, Catalyst, Electrodeposition, Corrosion, Stainless steel, Accelerated stress tests
Keywords [sv]
bränsleceller, PEM, bipolära plattor, katalysator, elektroplätering, korrosion, accelererad testning
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52424ISBN: 978-91-87289-68-2 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-52424DiVA, id: diva2:1553202
Presentation
2021-06-04, Gjuterisalen, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, Jönköping, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-05-07 Created: 2021-05-07 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Recent advances in catalyst materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Recent advances in catalyst materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
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2021 (English)In: APL Materials, E-ISSN 2166-532X, Vol. 9, no 4, article id 040702Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Research on fuel cell technology is constantly gaining importance, while global emission requirements are becoming more and more restrictive. For environmentally neutral proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to become a competitive technology, sustainable infrastructures need to be established. One of the main showstoppers is the utilization of the rare and therefore costly precious metal Pt as the key element in the electrocatalysis of hydrogen and oxygen. A huge amount of research is done on immensely reducing or even replacing Pt for future PEMFC technology. In this research update, the progress on oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in acidic media over the past two years is reviewed, with special attention to their durability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2021
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52342 (URN)10.1063/5.0045801 (DOI)000636745400002 ()2-s2.0-85103741346 (Scopus ID)GOA;intsam;738050 (Local ID)GOA;intsam;738050 (Archive number)GOA;intsam;738050 (OAI)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 764977
Available from: 2021-04-29 Created: 2021-04-29 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
2. Oxygen reduction reaction and PEM fuel cell performance of pulse electrodeposited Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo nanoparticles
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Oxygen reduction reaction and PEM fuel cell performance of pulse electrodeposited Pt–Ni and Pt–Ni–Mo nanoparticles
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52422 (URN)
Note

Submitted to journal.

Available from: 2021-05-07 Created: 2021-05-07 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved
3. Corrosion of pre-coated anode bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Corrosion of pre-coated anode bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52423 (URN)
Available from: 2021-05-07 Created: 2021-05-07 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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