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Preclinical Evaluation of the GRPR-Targeting Antagonist RM26 Conjugated to the Albumin-Binding Domain for GRPR-Targeting Therapy of Cancer
Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Chem, S-75183 Uppsala, Sweden..
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Protein Engineering.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7755-2661
Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Chem, S-75183 Uppsala, Sweden..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2141-3982
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2020 (English)In: Pharmaceutics, E-ISSN 1999-4923, Vol. 12, no 10, article id 977Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) was recently proposed for targeted therapy, e.g., radiotherapy. Multiple and frequent injections of peptide-based therapeutic agents would be required due to rapid blood clearance. By conjugation of the GRPR antagonist RM26 (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) to an ABD (albumin-binding domain), we aimed to extend the blood circulation of peptides. The synthesized conjugate DOTA-ABD-RM26 was labelled with indium-111 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The labelled conjugate was stable in PBS and retained specificity and its antagonistic function against GRPR. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of In-nat-DOTA-ABD-RM26 in the presence of human serum albumin was 49 +/- 5 nM. [In-111]In-DOTA-ABD-RM26 had a significantly longer residence time in blood and in tumors (without a significant decrease of up to 144 h pi) than the parental RM26 peptide. We conclude that the ABD-RM26 conjugate can be used for GRPR-targeted therapy and delivery of cytotoxic drugs. However, the undesirable elevated activity uptake in kidneys abolishes its use for radionuclide therapy. This proof-of-principle study justified further optimization of the molecular design of the ABD-RM26 conjugate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI , 2020. Vol. 12, no 10, article id 977
Keywords [en]
prostate cancer, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, RM26, albumin-binding domain, targeted therapy, gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) antagonist
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286238DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100977ISI: 000585297400001PubMedID: 33081166Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85092580903OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-286238DiVA, id: diva2:1503468
Note

QC 20201124

Available from: 2020-11-24 Created: 2020-11-24 Last updated: 2024-07-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. PNA and affinity protein tools for selective tumor targeting of radiopharmaceuticals
Open this publication in new window or tab >>PNA and affinity protein tools for selective tumor targeting of radiopharmaceuticals
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Targeted radiotherapy of cancer intends to selectively deliver cytotoxic radionuclides to tumor cells. Affinity proteins of various kinds are explored for this task, and depending on the affinity protein used, different challenges arise. Full-length antibodies are typically associated with long serum half-life, leading to high systemic toxicity, while smaller affinity ligands such as engineered scaffold proteins, antibody fragments or peptides, usually demonstrate high radioactive uptake in kidneys. The smallest affinity ligands furthermore suffer from low therapeutic efficacy due to their fast wash-out, thus demanding frequent administrations of the radio-conjugate to reach a therapeutic effect.  

These issues were addressed in this thesis, where small affinity ligands (an Affibody molecule, a single domain antibody fragment and a peptide) have been explored as targeting agents for the cancer targets HER2, CD38 and GRPR, respectively. The Affibody molecule and the single domain antibody fragment were used in a pretargeting setting where high selective hybridization are used as recognition tags between peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands on the tumor targeting primary agent and the radiolabelled secondary agent. In papers I and II, different sets of PNA hybridization probes were evaluated, in vitro and in vivo. In paper I, we demonstrate that the shortest tested secondary PNA probe (the 9-mer HP16) had the most favourable biodistribution profile with high tumor uptake along with the lowest kidney uptake. In paper II, we produced a set of shorter primary PNA probes, aiming for simplified production, and new sets of even shorter secondary PNA probes. A secondary 8-mer was identified as suitable for testing in cell assays and in vivo together with HER2-binding Affibody-PNA conjugates with varying length of the primary PNA probe, in order to determine if the smaller hydrodynamic range would further improve the biodistribution properties. In paper III, the Affibody-mediated PNA-based pretargeting strategy was evaluated as a monotherapy and as a co-treatment strategy with trastuzumab, to treat mice bearing HER2-positive tumors. Mice treated with the co-treatment strategy had significantly longer survival compared to other groups. In paper IV, the feasibility of using the PNA pretargeting strategy in combination with another affinity protein (a single domain antibody fragment) was evaluated in a CD38-expressing cell line. In paper V, the GRPR-binding peptide RM26 was conjugated to an albumin-binding domain, with the aim to achieve a high tumor uptake over time. The RM26-ABD conjugate did demonstrate good tumor uptake over time. However, the conjugate also demonstrated high kidney uptake, limiting its use as a therapeutic construct. 

In conclusion, the work presented in this thesis shows strategies for selective tumor targeting of radiopharmaceuticals using affinity proteins and PNA-mediated pretargeting.

Abstract [sv]

Riktad strålbehandling av cancer är ämnad att selektivt leverera cytotoxiska radionuklider till tumörceller. Affinitetsproteiner av olika slag utforskas för detta ändamål, och olika utmaningar uppstår beroende på vilket affinitetsprotein som används. Fullängdsantikroppar har lång halveringstid i blod, vilket leder till hög systemisk toxicitet, medan mindre affinitetsligander, såsom antikroppsfragment eller peptider, vanligtvis uppvisar högt radioaktivt upptag i njurarna. Vid användande av små affinitetsligander för riktad strålbehandling finns dessutom problem med låg terapeutisk effekt då de försvinner snabbt ur cirkulationen. För att uppnå en klinisk terapeutisk effekt med dessa små radioinmärkta affinitetsligander krävs ofta upprepade och frekventa administreringar.

Problemen med högt njurupptag och låg terapeutisk effektivitet för radioinmärkta små affinitetsproteiner är något som adresseras i denna avhandling. Små affinitetsproteiner (en Affibody-molekyl, ett en-domäns-antikroppsfragment och en peptid) har studerats med avsikten att använda dem för riktad strålbehandling mot de cancerassocierade proteinerna HER2, CD38 och GRPR. Affibody-molekylen och en-domän-antikroppsfragmentet användes i pre-targeting, där selektiv hybridisering mellan två peptidnukleinsyre (PNA)-prober användes som igenkänningsmärken på den tumörsökande primära molekylen och den radioinmärkta sekundära molekylen. I artikel I och II utvärderades uppsättningar av PNA-hybridiseringsprober, in vitro och in vivo. I artikel I visar vi att den kortaste testade sekundära PNA-proben (9-meren HP16) gav den bästa biodistributionsprofilen med en kombination av högt tumörupptag och det lägsta njurupptaget. I artikel II producerade vi dels en uppsättning kortare primära PNA-prober, med avsikten att förenkla dess produktion, samt nya uppsättningar av ännu kortare sekundära PNA-prober. En sekundär 8-mer identifierades som lämplig att testa i cellförsök och in vivo tillsammans med HER2-bindande Affibody-PNA-konjugat med varierande längd av den primära PNA-proben, för att avgöra om detta skulle förbättra biodistributionen ytterligare. I artikel III utvärderades den Affibody-medierade PNA-pretargeting-strategin som enskild terapi och som en kombinerad behandling tillsammans med trastuzumab, för att behandla möss med HER2-positiva tumörer. Möss som behandlats med kombinationsbehandlingen hade signifikant längre överlevnad jämfört med andra grupper. I artikel IV utvärderades möjligheten att använda PNA-pretargeting-strategin i kombination med ett annat affinitetsprotein (en-domän-antikroppsfragment) på en CD38-uttryckande cellinje. I artikel V konjugerades den GRPR-bindande peptiden RM26 till ett albuminbindande protein, med målet att uppnå ett högt tumörupptag över tid. RM26-ABD-konjugatet visade bra tumörupptag över tid, men också högt njurupptag, vilket i nuläget begränsar dess användning i en terapeutisk tillämpning.

Sammanfattningsvis visar arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling strategier för selektiv strålningsterapi av tumörer med användning av affinitetsproteiner och PNA-medierad pretargeting.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 78
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:39
Keywords
Cancer therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy, affinity proteins, Affibody molecules, CD38, GRPR, HER2, nanobody, peptide, PNA, RM26, pretargeting, Cancerterapi, radionuklid terapi, affinitetsproteiner, affibody molekyler, CD38, GRPR, HER2, nanobody, peptid, PNA, RM26, pretargeting
National Category
Natural Sciences
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317137 (URN)978-91-8040-317-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-07, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 2022-09-08

Available from: 2022-09-08 Created: 2022-09-06 Last updated: 2022-09-08Bibliographically approved

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