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Role of yeast DNA polymerase epsilon during DNA replication
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry and Biophsyics.
2008 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Each cell division, the nuclear DNA must be replicated efficiently and with high accuracy to avoid mutations which can have an effect on cell function. There are three replicative DNA polymerases essential for the synthesis of DNA during replication in eukaryotic cells. DNA polymerase α (Pol α) synthesize short primers required for DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) and DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) to carry out the bulk synthesis. The role of Pol δ and Pol ε at the replication fork has been unclear. The aim of this thesis was to examine what role Pol ε has at the replication fork, compare the biochemical properties of Pol δ and Pol ε, and to study the function of the second largest and essential subunit of Pol ε, Dpb2.

To identify where Pol ε replicates DNA in vivo, a strategy was taken where the active site of Pol ε was altered to create a mutator polymerase leaving a unique error-signature. A series of mutant pol ε proteins were purified and analyzed for enzyme activity and fidelity of DNA synthesis. Two mutants, M644F and M644G, exhibited an increased mutation rate and close to normal polymerase activity. One of these, the M644G gave rise to a specific increase of mismatch mutations resulting from T-dTMP mis-pairing during DNA synthesis in vitro. The M644G mutant was introduced in yeast strains carrying a reporter gene, URA3, on either side of an origin in different orientations. Mutations which inactivated the URA3 gene in the M644G mutant strains were analyzed. A strand specific signature was found demonstrating that Pol ε participates in the synthesis of the leading strand.

Pol δ and Pol ε are both stimulated by the processivity clamp, PCNA, in in vitro replication assays. To clarify any differences they were challenged side by side in biochemical assays. Pol ε was found to require that single-stranded template (ssDNA) was entirely coated with RPA, whereas Pol δ was much less sensitive to uncoated ssDNA. The processivity of Pol δ was stimulated to a much higher degree by PCNA than of Pol ε. In presence of PCNA the processivity of Pol δ and Pol ε was comparable. In contrast, Pol ε was approximately four times slower than Pol δ when replicating a single-primed circular template in the presence of all accessory proteins and an excess of polymerase. The biochemical characterization of the system suggests that Pol ε and Pol δ are loaded onto the PCNA-primer-ternary complex by separate mechanisms. A model is proposed where the loading of Pol ε onto the leading strand is independent of the PCNA interaction motif which is required by enzymes acting on the lagging strand.

The essential gene DPB2 encodes for the second largest subunit of Pol ε. We carried out a genetic screen in S.cerevisiae and isolated a lethal mutant allele of dpb2 (dpb2-200). When over-expressed together with the remaining three subunits of Polε, Pol2, Dpb3 and Dpb4, the dpb2-201 did not copurify. The biochemical property of Pol2/Dpb3/Dpb4 complex was compared with wild-type four-subunit Pol ε (Pol2/Dpb2/Dpb3/Dpb4) and a Pol2/Dpb2 complex in replication assays. The absence of Dpb2 in the complex did not significantly affect the specific activity or the processivity, but gave a slightly reduced efficiency in holoenzyme assays when compared to wild-type four-subunit Pol ε. We propose that Dpb2 is not essential for the enzyme activity of Pol ε.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Medicinsk kemi och biofysik , 2008. , p. 43
Series
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1231
Keywords [en]
DNA polymerase epsilon, eukaryotic DNA replication, fidelity, leading strand, Dpb2
National Category
Medical Bioscience
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1932ISBN: 978-91-7264-699-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-1932DiVA, id: diva2:142482
Public defence
2008-12-11, KB3A9, KBC, Umeå universitet, Umeå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2008-11-24 Created: 2008-11-24 Last updated: 2009-04-23Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Regulation of B family DNA polymerase fidelity by a conserved active site residue: characterization of M644W, M644L and M644F mutants of yeast DNA polymerase epsilon.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Regulation of B family DNA polymerase fidelity by a conserved active site residue: characterization of M644W, M644L and M644F mutants of yeast DNA polymerase epsilon.
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2007 (English)In: Nucleic Acids Research, ISSN 1362-4962, Vol. 35, no 9, p. 3076-3086Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Keywords
Amino Acid Substitution, Binding Sites, DNA/biosynthesis, DNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Exodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/metabolism, Leucine/genetics, Methionine/genetics, Mutation, Phenotype, Phenylalanine/genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Tryptophan/genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-6350 (URN)10.1093/nar/gkm132 (DOI)17452367 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-34250642401 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2007-12-09 Created: 2007-12-09 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
2. Yeast DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Yeast DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication.
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2007 (English)In: Science, ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 317, no 5834, p. 127-130Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Keywords
Base Pair Mismatch, DNA Polymerase II/genetics/*metabolism, DNA Replication, DNA; Fungal/metabolism, Fungal Proteins/genetics, Mutation, Point Mutation, Replication Origin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-6349 (URN)10.1126/science.1144067 (DOI)17615360 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-34447336941 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2007-12-09 Created: 2007-12-09 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
3. The eukaryotic leading and lagging strand DNA polymerases are loaded onto primer-ends via separate mechanisms but have comparable processivity in the presence of PCNA.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The eukaryotic leading and lagging strand DNA polymerases are loaded onto primer-ends via separate mechanisms but have comparable processivity in the presence of PCNA.
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2007 (English)In: Nucleic Acids Research, ISSN 1362-4962, Vol. 35, no 19, p. 6588-6597Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase delta (Pol delta) and DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol epsilon) are replicative DNA polymerases at the replication fork. Both enzymes are stimulated by PCNA, although to different levels. To understand why and to explore the interaction with PCNA, we compared Pol delta and Pol epsilon in physical interactions with PCNA and nucleic acids (with or without RPA), and in functional assays measuring activity and processivity. Using surface plasmon resonance technique, we show that Pol epsilon has a high affinity for DNA, but a low affinity for PCNA. In contrast, Pol delta has a low affinity for DNA and a high affinity for PCNA. The true processivity of Pol delta and Pol epsilon was measured for the first time in the presence of RPA, PCNA and RFC on single-stranded DNA. Remarkably, in the presence of PCNA, the processivity of Pol delta and Pol epsilon on RPA-coated DNA is comparable. Finally, more PCNA molecules were found on the template after it was replicated by Pol epsilon when compared to Pol delta. We conclude that Pol epsilon and Pol delta exhibit comparable processivity, but are loaded on the primer-end via different mechanisms.

Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-6348 (URN)10.1093/nar/gkm741 (DOI)17905813 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-36248991353 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2007-12-09 Created: 2007-12-09 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
4. Charecterization of a DNA polymerase epsilon complex lacking the essential subunit Dpb2
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Charecterization of a DNA polymerase epsilon complex lacking the essential subunit Dpb2
Manuscript (Other academic)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-3675 (URN)
Available from: 2008-11-24 Created: 2008-11-24 Last updated: 2010-01-13Bibliographically approved

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