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Reinforcement around holes in composite materials by use of patched metal inserts
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9207-3404
2019 (English)In: Composite structures, ISSN 0263-8223, E-ISSN 1879-1085, Vol. 225, article id 111084Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Metal inserts are sometimes used to improve the load carrying capacity of bolted joints in composite materials. In this paper a new concept is introduced where inserts are built during composite manufacturing by integrating stacked metal patches at locations where holes are to be made after consolidation. Initial tests and a parameter study enable more informed design, and specimens with improved stacked inserts are then produced and tested. The specimens with inserts show up to 60% strength improvement in pin-loaded tests. In addition to the experimental work, finite element analysis is performed to investigate the stress fields and the failure mechanisms. The model indicates that the singular stresses at the multi-material corner points are governing for the strength and give indications of the failure mechanisms. Some basic analytical estimates are also presented.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019. Vol. 225, article id 111084
Keywords [en]
Hybrid joint, Bearing strength, Insert, Stacked, Patch
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257428DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111084ISI: 000480330400044Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85067507808OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-257428DiVA, id: diva2:1347785
Note

QC 20190902

Available from: 2019-09-02 Created: 2019-09-02 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Enhanced Composite Joint Performance through Interlacement of Metal Inserts
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhanced Composite Joint Performance through Interlacement of Metal Inserts
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The work in this thesis investigates bolted joints in fibre reinforced composites with particular focus on a novel insert concept. The concept is characterised by replacing all composite plies with stacked metal patches, locally around a bolt hole, so that they jointly form a solid metal reinforcement. An extensive experimental study is presented together with finite element analysis of the studied cases.

Reinforcing bolt holes with high-strength metals improves the bearing load capacity of the composite laminates. True enhancement of the joint performance however requires that the open-hole tensile strength is improved as well. The work started with tests of pin-loaded and open-hole tensile specimens with inserts, and significant improvement of the bearing load capacity was found. The initial tests enabled more informed design, and insert configurations having sufficient open-hole tensile strength could thereby be manufactured and tested. In parallel, composite-metal joints were numerically modelled to simulate and analyse the mechanical performance of the joints and gain a better understanding of the governing damage mechanisms.

The performance of the joints was eventually investigated by means of experiments on single-shear, single- and double-bolt specimens, with and without inserts. The allowable bolt distance and the influence from the bolt tightening torque were also examined.

The initial samples had inserts of stainless steel. Later, specimens with titanium alloy inserts were also included in the test series. Various insert configurations were designed to study the effects of different features in the composite-metal bond lines. The numerical simulations of the composite--metal interfaces were performed with two types of models, one joining the two materials directly to each other, without modelling any adhesive film in between, and the other including an elastic representation of the adhesive layer. The experimental results were then used to support verification of the results from the simulations.

The final assessment of the concept was performed on insert configurations designed either for pure tensile loading or for more general (bi-directional) loading conditions, and the bearing load capacity, open-hole tensile strength and the performance of bolted joints were compared for cases with different inserts. While higher bearing strength improvement was achieved when the holes were reinforced with inserts of stainless steel, reinforcement with inserts of titanium was even more successful since it improved virtually all studied aspects of the joints considerably.

Abstract [sv]

Arbetet som presenteras i avhandlingen undersöker bultförband i fiberarmerade kompositmaterial med särskilt fokus på ett nytt insert-koncept. Konceptet definieras av att kompositmaterialet närmast hålet ersätts med metall genom att partiellt byta ut lagren i kompositen med tunna metallskikt som tillsammans bygger upp en solid metallförstärkning. En omfattande experimentell studie är genomförd tillsammans med finita elementanalys av de studerade fallen.

 

Förstärkning med höghållfasta metaller förbättrar bärigheten hos hålen i kompositmaterialet. En komplett förstärkningseffekt kräver dock även att draghållfastheten hos den perforerade kompositen förbättras. Forskningsarbetet började med att undersöka pinn-belastade hål och draghållfastheten hos provstavar med hål och integrerade inserts, och en tydlig förbättring kunde påvisas. Tidiga tester möjliggjorde en bättre utformning av efterföljande konfigurationer så att de erhöll en tillfredsställande hållfasthet även i ren dragbelastning. Parallellt med det experimentella arbetet utvecklades numeriska modeller av de studerade konfigurationerna för att bättre kunna analysera deras mekanik och hållfasthet.

 

Kapaciteten hos förbanden undersöktes sedan genom provning av enkelskärande överlappsfogar med enkelt eller dubbla fästelement, med och utan inserts. Tillbörliga kantavstånd och effekten av olika åtdragningsmoment undersöktes också.

 

Den ursprungliga provningen utfördes med inserts gjorda av rostfritt stål. Senare testades även inserts gjorda av en titanlegering. Olika insert-konfigurationer togs fram för att studera effekterna av olika detaljer i fogarna mellan metallerna och kompositmaterialet. Datorsimuleringarna genomfördes med två olika typer av modeller; en där de olika materialen var stumt fogade till varandra, utan att modellera limfilmen emellan, och en annan som använde en elastisk beskrivning av limmet. De experimentella resultaten användes sedan för att verifiera resultaten från de numeriska simuleringarna.

 

Den slutgiltiga utvärderingen av konceptet genomfördes på konfigurationer som tagits fram antingen för renodlad dragbelastning eller för mer generell (bi-axiell) belastning. Hålkants- och draghållfastheten undersöktes tillsammans med bärfärmågan hos bultförband och jämförelser gjordes mellan fall med olika inserts. Konfigurationerna med inserts av stål uppvisade den högsta hålkantshållfastheten medan de med titan-inserts presterade bättre totalt sett. De senare uppvisade påtagliga förbättringar av samtliga undersökta egenskaper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:22
National Category
Aerospace Engineering Composite Science and Engineering
Research subject
Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295235 (URN)978-91-7873-920-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-06-11, Live-streaming: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62166775634 For physical attendance, register at least 3 days in advance by email to Stefan Hallström at stefanha@kth.se, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2017-04877
Available from: 2021-05-19 Created: 2021-05-18 Last updated: 2022-07-11Bibliographically approved

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